1、Designation: D7741/D7741M 18Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber orOther Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational HandheldViscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7741/D7741M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyea
2、r of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The use of high-viscosity asphalt binders like asphalt
3、-rubber is becoming more common in the United States andworldwide. Specifications such as Specification D6114 note theneed for field control of the apparent viscosity and require theuse of a field production rotational viscometer. The testing ofasphalt-rubber binder for use in asphalt-rubber hot mix
4、 and forasphalt-rubber membrane is necessary to ensure consistent mixproperties that will ensure good performance of these materi-als. Logistics of field applications limits the use of conven-tional laboratory controls and testing equipment. This test,using a handheld rotational viscometer, can be c
5、onducted ineither the field or laboratory to determine the apparent viscosityof asphalt-rubber and other high-viscosity binders for fieldproduction control and to assess the uniformity of the binderproduced, or for other related purposes.1.2 Asphalt-rubber binder consists of a blend of pavinggrade a
6、sphalt cement and crumb rubber as described inSpecification D6114. Other high-viscosity asphalt binders mayconsist of asphalts modified with polymer or fiber, or both.Testing is performed following the specified reaction time, ifany, within the production process. Control of the raw materi-als is se
7、parate from the test.1.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in noncompliance wit
8、h the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitatio
9、ns prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
10、nicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6114 Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder3. Significance and Use3.1 This test is primarily used for field production control ofasphalt-rubber (A-R) and other high-viscosity binders;however, the test can also be use
11、d in a laboratory setting.3.2 A handheld rotational viscometer is used to measure theapparent viscosity of a completed blend of A-R or high-viscosity binder. A rotor (spindle), turning at constant speed, isinserted in the liquid binder to be measured. The resistance tomovement of the spindle (torque
12、) caused by the viscosity of thesurrounding liquid is measured using a special mechanism toobtain direct readings in Pas or cP.NOTE 1Spindle is generally made of stainless steel, although anothermetal such as brass could be used.3.3 The measured apparent viscosity is used to control theproduction of
13、 the A-R or other high-viscosity binder, to assessthe uniformity of the binder produced, or for other relatedpurposes.3.4 As the spindle turns in the A-R or other high-viscositybinder, it has a tendency to “drill” into the sample (that is, forA-R, the spindle spins the rubber particles out of the me
14、asure-ment area). Consequently, the apparent viscosity drops toreflect only the liquid phase of the high-viscosity binder.Therefore, the peak viscosity measurement value is recorded toreflect the viscosity of the blended material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on R
15、oadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7741/D7741M 11(2017). DOI: 10.1520/D7741_D7741M-18.2For referenced AS
16、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
17、cken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organi
18、zation Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Apparatus4.1 ViscometerHandheld, rotational-type viscometer (seeFig. 1). The viscometer shall be equipped with a level bubbleto ensure proper orientation of the viscometer in the sample tobe tested. Spindle (rotor) speed is typically 62.5 rpm; h
19、owever,it may vary with different manufacturers.NOTE 2The viscosity scale readings for the various rotor typesoverlap in part. For example, the following viscosity ranges can bemeasured with both of the following rotors:3 dPas to 13 dPas: No. 3 or No. 1 rotor100 dPas to 150 dPas: No. 2 or No. 1 roto
20、r4.2 Spindle (Rotor)Diameter: 24 6 1.1 mm 1.0 60.05 in.; Height: 53 6 0.1 mm 2 6 0.005 in. or equivalent(see Fig. 2).4.3 ThermometerA digital thermometer of suitable range,with subdivisions and maximum scale error of 2 F 1 C,with metal jacket.4.4 Sample Can4-L 1-gal metal can with wire bale.4.5 Visc
21、osity Standard OilsCalibrated in absolute viscos-ity in Pas centipoises, cP and in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 Pas1000 to 5000 cP.4.6 Controllable Heat Source, such as a hot plate, gas stove,or burner, etc., to maintain the test temperature of the A-R orhigh-viscosity binder sample during viscosity meas
22、urement.4.7 Viscometer HolderClean metal can or some type offrame where the viscometer can be stored between tests.5. Calibration Verification5.1 Calibration of the rotational viscometer shall be verifiedprior to use at each site per manufacturers instructions, usingthe reference viscosity standard
23、oils.6. Sampling6.1 The sample shall consist of at least 3 L 0.75 gal of thecompleted mixture of A-R or other high-viscosity binder.Obtain the sample from an appropriate sample valve located tointercept the normal flow of material during production.Perform sampling and testing in close proximity to
24、the plantoperation to avoid undue temperature loss during handling.6.2 Prior to sampling, draw at least 3 L 0.75 gal from thesampling valve and discard. Then open the sample valve anddraw approximately 3 L 0.75 gal into a new, clean sample canfor testing.FIG. 1 Handheld Rotational-Type ViscometerD77
25、41/D7741M 1827. Test and Sampling Procedure7.1 As immediately as practical, place the sample containerwith the drawn sample on a smooth, level support for finalpreparation and testing. Set the open sample container on orover the controllable heat source, as appropriate7.2 Manually stir the sample us
26、ing an appropriate metal stirrod to prevent scorching or burning. Use of the temperatureprobe for stirring is permitted.7.3 Continue stirring until a consistent specified test tem-perature is achieved. The test temperature shall be within62C65 F of the specified test temperature. The actual testtemp
27、erature shall be recorded with viscosity data. Typical testtemperatures are 175 C 350 F or 190 C 375 F, or asspecified.7.4 Insert the viscometer spindle, without plugging the ventholes of the spindle, into the hot A-R or other high-viscositybinder near the edge of the sample container for about 1 mi
28、n toequilibrate to the sample temperature. Then move it to the testlocation, approximately at the center of the sample, to make theviscosity measurement. Immerse the spindle in the A-R orother high-viscosity binder to the manufacturers depth markFIG. 2 Spindle (Rotor)D7741/D7741M 183on the connectin
29、g shaft. Use the level bubble to align thespindle perpendicularly to the binder surface and level theviscometer.After immersing the viscometer spindle in the A-R or otherhigh-viscosity binder at the test location for 5 to 10 s, engagethe viscometer and take a viscosity measurement in accordancewith
30、the manufacturers instructions. Record the viscometerpeak measurement as the viscosity test reading. The timeinterval between stirring, immersion of the spindle, and testingshall be approximately 15 s, and in no case greater than 20 s.Three measurements shall be taken and averaged and reportedas the
31、 viscosity. Between measurements, the viscometerspindle should be moved away from the center (withoutremoving it from the A-R or other high-viscosity bindersample) and the sample should be thoroughly stirred again.7.5 To clean the spindle assembly, return the viscometer toholder with spindle suspend
32、ed in a suitable solvent. Beforeusing the spindle again, wash off the solvent and dry thespindle to avoid solvent contamination of the next sample.8. Reporting of Results8.1 Report the test date, test temperature in C or F to thenearest degree, and each of the three test viscosities to thenearest 0.
33、1 Pas or 100 cP. Also report the average of the threeviscosities to the nearest 0.1 Pas or 100 cP.NOTE 3Other information may be reported, such as: project name ornumber (or both), location of plant, material (A-R or other high-viscositybinder), supplier, and equipment model.9. Precision and Bias9.1
34、 PrecisionAn interlaboratory asphalt-rubber (A-R)round-robin study was conducted to develop the precision ofthe test and detailed results of that study can be found inASTMReport Number RR:D04-1039, entitled “Interlaboratory Hand-held Viscometer A-R Round Robin Study to Estimate thePrecision (Repeata
35、bility and Reproducibility) of the ProposedASTM Standard Handheld Viscometer Test Method.”3Thestudy was conducted in August 2010 on a construction projectin the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. For the purposes ofthat study, twelve 1-gal cans of A-R were tested in the fieldusing the handheld visc
36、ometer at 177 C 350 F in accor-dance with the most current ASTM handheld viscometer drafttesting standard. The cans were labeled from one to twelve forpurposes of distribution to five laboratories to conduct the sametest conducted in the field with the same type of equipment.Two cans were selected a
37、t random and were delivered to eachof the five laboratories. Each laboratory reported the threeviscosity measurements that they took for each sample. Fromthis testing, along with the three test measurements takenduring construction for all twelve samples, it was possible todevelop the precision stat
38、ements for single operator andmulti-laboratory.9.1.1 Single-Operator Precision Statement (Repeatability):9.1.1.1 Duplicate values by the same operator using thesame test equipment in the shortest practical period of timeshall be considered not equivalent if the difference in the tworesults, expresse
39、d as a percent of the mean, exceeds 12.0 %.9.1.2 Multi-Laboratory Precision (Reproducibility):9.1.2.1 The values reported by each of two laboratories,representing the arithmetic average of duplicatedeterminations, shall be considered not equivalent if they differby more than 22.0 %.9.2 BiasNo inform
40、ation can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in this test method for measuring viscositybecause no material having an accepted reference value isavailable.10. Keywords10.1 asphalt-rubber; handheld rotational viscometer; viscos-ity3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquart
41、ers and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1039. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D7741/D7741M 184This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withd
42、rawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
43、 comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (singl
44、e or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 185
