1、Designation: D7826 16 An American National StandardStandard Guide forEvaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New AviationGasoline Additives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for usein research reports for new aviati
3、on gasolines or new aviationgasoline additives.1.2 These research reports are intended to support thedevelopment and issuance of new specifications or specifica-tion revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTMInternational standard specifications for aviation gasoline isprovided in Subcom
4、mittee J on Aviation Fuels OperatingProcedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development andAcceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”1.3 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines,and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industrye
5、xpertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of thediversity of aviation hardware and potential variation infuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encom-passed and further work may be required. Therefore, additionaldata beyond that described in this guide may be requested bythe
6、 ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02upon review of the specific composition, performance, or othercharacteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.1.4 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigationof the future health and environmental impacts of the newaviation gasoline or
7、 new aviation gasoline additive and therequirements of environmental agencies is recommended.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5.1 ExceptionSome industry standard methodologiesutilize imperial units as their primary system (permeability;Table A2.1).1.6 This standard d
8、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
9、andards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Rei
10、d Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
11、Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD909 T
12、est Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics
13、 of InhibitedMineral OilsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibi
14、lity of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7823 15. DOI:10.1520/D7826-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
15、site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
17、 Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite Materials andTheir LaminatesD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of
18、 Aviation FuelsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of
19、 Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Semi-Micro Color Indicat
20、or TitrationD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3652 Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-SensitiveTapesD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D4052
21、Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHy
22、drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5188 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio TemperatureDetermination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and PistonBased Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
23、 Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petro-leum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Tr
24、ansition Method)D6053 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicCompound (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating Var-nishesD6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating
25、Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6424 Practice for Octane Rating NaturallyAspirated SparkIgnition Aircraft EnginesD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6812 Practice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Proceduresfor Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Igni
26、tion AircraftEnginesD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded AviationGasolineE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-calsE1259 Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in LiquidFuels Boiling Below 390C2.2 EI Standards:3EI 1529 Aviation fuelling hose and hose assembliesEI 1581 Spe
27、cification and qualification procedures for avia-tion jet fuel filter/separatorsEI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levelsfor aviation fuel filter monitorsEI 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for avia-tion fuel microfilters2.3 MODUK Standard:4MODUK DEF STAN 80-97 Paint Sy
28、stem, for the Interior ofBulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 1825 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraftground fuelling and defuellingSpecificationISO 20823 Determination of the flammability characteristicsof fluids in contact with hot surfacesManifold ignitiontest2.
29、5 UL Standard:6UL 94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Mate-rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing2.6 Federal Standards:7DOT/FAA/AR-03/21 Characterization of In-Plane, Shear-Loaded Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and AnalysisDOT/FAA/AR-06/10 Guidelines and Recommended Crite-
30、ria for the Development of a Material Specification forCarbon Fiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs3Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,London W1G 7AR, UK, http:/www.energyinst.org.4Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm. 1138, 65Brown St., Glasgow
31、G2 8EX.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Docu
32、ments,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7826 16214 CFR Part 33:49 Block Tests; Reciprocating AircraftEnginesEndurance TestFed-Std-791 Testing Method of Lubricants, Liquid Fuels,and Related ProductsMIL-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistan
33、t, In-tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion2.7 SAE Standards:8SAEAMS-C-6183 Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet; forAromatic Fuel and Oil Resistant GasketsSAE AS4842 Fittings and Bosses, Pipe Threaded, FluidConnectionSAE AMS 7276 Rubber: Fluorocarbon (FKM) High-Temperature-Fluid Resi
34、stant Low Compression Set forSeals in Fuel systems and Specific Engine Oil Systems2.8 IP Standards:9IP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 15 Determination of Pour PointIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation fuelsManual MethodIP 69 Determination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 71 Transp
35、arent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination ofKinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ityIP 119 Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by theSupercharged MethodIP 123 Determination of Distillation Characteristics at At-mospheric PressureIP 138 Determination of Oxidation Stability ofAvia
36、tion FuelPotential Residue MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density HydrometerMethodIP 219 Determination of Cloud PointIP 236 Determination of Knock Characteristics of Motor andAviation FuelsMotor MethodIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductiv
37、ity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 394 Liquid Petroleum ProductsVapour PressurePart1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure(ASVP) and Calculated Dry Vapour Pressure Equivalent(DVPE)IP 406 Determ
38、ination of Boiling Range Distribution by GasChromatographyIP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of AviationTurbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin aviation gasoline, substance added to abase aviation gasoline in relatively small am
39、ounts that eitherenables that base aviation gasoline to meet the applicablespecification properties or does not alter the applicable speci-fication properties of that base aviation gasoline beyondallowable limits.3.1.2 aviation gasoline, nfuel derived from petroleum ornon-petroleum materials possess
40、ing specific properties suitablefor operating aircraft powered by spark-ignition piston engines.3.1.2.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties includecombustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, watershedding, and detonation-free performance in the engine (orengines) for which it is intended. In t
41、he context of this guide,the terms fuel and gasoline are interchangeable.3.1.3 production specification, nASTM Internationalaviation gasoline standard that specifies the properties,performance, and composition necessary to provide a level ofcontrol to support large-scale production, distribution, an
42、d theconduct of commerce.3.1.4 test specification, nASTM International aviationgasoline standard specifying the properties, performance, andcomposition necessary to provide a level of control to supportthe conduct of testing and analysis for development of anASTM International aviation gasoline prod
43、uction specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical altitude, nmaximum altitude at which, instandard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain at a specificengine revolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or aspecified manifold pressure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUnless
44、 otherwise stated, the criticalaltitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible tomaintain, at the maximum engine RPM, one of the following:(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case of enginesfor which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at therated altitude, or(2) The maximu
45、m continuous rated manifold pressure, inthe case of engines, the maximum continuous power of whichis governed by a constant manifold pressure.3.2.2 fit-for-purpose (FFP), adjin aviation gasoline, de-scribes a condition of acceptance of an aviation fuel or aviationfuel additive that signifies accepta
46、ble performance in aircraftand aircraft engines.3.2.3 fit-for-purpose properties, ncharacteristics of anaviation fuel or aviation fuel additive in the fuel that are notcontrolled by the fuel specification or specification propertiesbut that are specified for evaluation in addition to the specifi-cat
47、ion properties to provide a comprehensive assessment of thesuitability of an aviation fuel for use on aircraft and aircraftengines.3.2.4 production specification research report,ncompilation of the technical data describing thecomposition, properties, and performance of an aviation gaso-line used to
48、 support development and issuance of a productionspecification.3.2.5 sponsor, nentity submitting a new fuel or new fueladditive for review.3.2.6 test specification research report, ncompilation ofthe technical data describing the composition, properties, and8Available from SAE International (SAE), 4
49、00 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.9Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.D7826 163performance of an aviation gasoline used to support develop-ment and issuance of a test specification.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This guide gives sponsors of a new aviation gasoline oraviation gasoline additive guidance on evaluation proceduresusing both laboratory and aircraft equipment. This guideincludes requirements that address the following subjects:4.1.1 Basi
