1、Designation: D7826 17aD7826 18 An American National StandardStandard Guide forEvaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New AviationGasoline Additives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for
3、new aviation gasolines or new aviationgasoline additives.1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for useas an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed propertie
4、s and criteriain the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability duringhigh-volume production.1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisionsfor these
5、products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided inSubcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a NewAviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”1
6、.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise togive appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations,not every aspect may be encompassed a
7、nd further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in thisguide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition,performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.1.5 While it is bey
8、ond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviationgasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6.1 ExceptionSome i
9、ndustry standard methodologies utilize imperial units as their primary system (permeability; TableA2.1).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, hea
10、lth, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internation
11、al Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petro
12、leum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of
13、ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017May 1, 2018. Published January 2018June 2018. Originally approved in 2013. Las
14、t previous edition approved in 2017 asD7826 17.D7826 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D7826-17A.10.1520/D7826-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Docum
15、ent Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM re
16、commends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
17、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and
18、 Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D892 Test Method for Foami
19、ng Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of ElectricalInsulating LiquidsD9
20、43 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral OilsD1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-JointAdhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading(Metal-to-Metal)D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1094 Test Method for
21、Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active Agents,and Related
22、MaterialsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and T
23、heir LaminatesD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distil
24、late FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids (Withdrawn 2018)3D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Pr
25、oducts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3652 Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive TapesD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabilit
26、y of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4809 Test Method
27、 for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5188 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston BasedMethod)D5
28、191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons, Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6053 Test Method for
29、 Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating VarnishesD6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
30、Fischer TitrationD6424 Practice for Octane Rating Naturally Aspirated Spark Ignition Aircraft EnginesD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6812 Practice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Procedures for Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition Aircraft EnginesD7042 Test Metho
31、d for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D7826 182D7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-B
32、ore Capillary GasChromatographyD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation GasolineE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of ChemicalsE1259 Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390C2.2 EI Standards:4EI 1529 Aviation fuelling hose and hose assemblie
33、sEI 1581 Specification and qualification procedures for aviation jet fuel filter/separatorsEI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels for aviation fuel filter monitorsEI 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for aviation fuel microfilters2.3 MODUK Standard:5MODUK DEF STAN 80-
34、97 Paint System, for the Interior of Bulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack2.4 ISO Standards:6ISO 1825 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraft ground fuelling and defuellingSpecificationISO 20823 Determination of the flammability characteristics of fluids in contact with hot surfacesManifold
35、ignition test2.5 UL Standard:7UL 94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing2.6 Federal Standards:8DOT/FAA/AR-03/21 Characterization of In-Plane, Shear-Loaded Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and AnalysisDOT/FAA/AR-06/10 Guidelines and Reco
36、mmended Criteria for the Development of a Material Specification for CarbonFiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs14 CFR Part 33:49 Block Tests; Reciprocating Aircraft EnginesEndurance TestFed-Std-791 Testing Method of Lubricants, Liquid Fuels, and Related ProductsMIL-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resist
37、ant, Integral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion2.7 SAE Standards:9SAE AMS-C-6183 Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet; for Aromatic Fuel and Oil Resistant GasketsSAE AS4842 Fittings and Bosses, Pipe Threaded, Fluid ConnectionSAE AMS 7276 Rubber: Fluorocarbon (FKM) High-Temperature-Fluid
38、Resistant Low Compression Set for Seals in Fuelsystems and Specific Engine Oil Systems2.8 IP Standards:10IP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 15 Determination of Pour PointIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation fuelsManual MethodIP 69 Determination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 71 T
39、ransparent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic ViscosityIP 119 Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by the Supercharged MethodIP 123 Determination of Distillation Characteristics at Atmospheric PressureIP 138 Determination of Oxidation Stability o
40、f Aviation Fuel Potential Residue MethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density Hydrometer MethodIP 196 Determination of Colour (ASTM scale)IP 219 Determination of Cloud PointIP 236 Determination of Knock Characteristics of Motor and Aviation FuelsMoto
41、r MethodIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP 394 Liquid Petroleum ProductsVapour PressurePart 1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP) andCalcul
42、ated Dry Vapour Pressure Equivalent (DVPE)IP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:4 Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London W1G 7AR, UK, http:/www.energyinst.or
43、g.5 Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm. 1138, 65 Brown St., Glasgow G2 8EX.6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd.,
44、 Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.8 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.9 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.1
45、0 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.D7826 1833.1.1 additive, nin aviation gasoline, substance added to a base aviation gasoline in relatively small amounts that eitherenables that base aviation gasoline to meet the applicable speci
46、fication properties or does not alter the applicable specificationproperties of that base aviation gasoline beyond allowable limits.3.1.2 aviation gasoline, nfuel derived from petroleum or non-petroleum materials possessing specific properties suitable foroperating aircraft powered by spark-ignition
47、 piston engines.3.1.2.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include combustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, water shedding, and detonation-free performancein the engine (or engines) for which it is intended. In the context of this guide, the terms fuel and gasoline are interchangeable.3.2
48、Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical altitude, nmaximum altitude at which, in standard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain at a specific enginerevolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or a specified manifold pressure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUnless otherwise stated, the
49、critical altitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible to maintain, at the maximum engineRPM, one of the following:(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case of engines for which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at the ratedaltitude, or(2) The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, in the case of engines, the maximum continuous power of which isgoverned by a constant manifold pressure.3.2.2 fit-for-purpose (FFP), adjin aviation gasoline, describes a condition of acceptance of an aviation fuel or aviati
