1、Designation: D7859 131Standard Practice forSpraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test SpecimenPreparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulationfor Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7859; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made in April
3、2013.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for thepreparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spraypolyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to betested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The
4、seprocedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPFinsulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interestinclude blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts,diisocyanates, and flame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at onelocation, such as a
5、chemical manufacturing facility or a fieldproduct installation site. The newly prepared samples arepreserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, andthen shipped to a laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to beperformed by trained individuals using p
6、rofessional sprayingequipment under controlled conditions. The details of thespraying equipment and spraying procedures are based onindustry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the labora-tory preparation of test specimens from open-
7、cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens areprepared for testing in small-scale chambers following GuideD5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described inPractice D7706.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gassample collection and chemical analysis are o
8、utside of thescope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address thepotential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, aminecatalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to thechamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measureme
9、nt are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati
10、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD7706 Pr
11、actice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissionsfrom Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms commonly used for samplingand analysis of atmospheres, refer to Terminology D1356. Fordefinitions of terms commonly used when testing products andmaterials for VOC emissions,
12、 refer to Guide D5116.3.2 A-Sidepolymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate(MDI) consisting predominantly of 4,4-MDI and higher mo-lecular weight oligomers of MDI.3.3 B-sidepolyol system, or resin system, consistingmostly of polyol(s), with smaller amounts of catalyst(s), flameretardant(s), blowing ag
13、ent(s), and other additives.3.4 Open-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that arelargely interconnected. Open-cell SPF insulation typically hasa density between 6.4 to 9.6 kilograms per cubic metre whenfully cured.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality a
14、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. DOI: 10.1520/D7859-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
15、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.5 Closed-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids thatare not interconnected. Closed-cell SP
16、F insulation typically hasa density between 24 to 32 kilograms per cubic metre whenfully cured.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice is applicable to open-cell and closed-cellspray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation. Procedures aredescribed for the preparation, spraying, packaging, shipping,and te
17、st specimen preparation of small, representative samplesof these products. The samples are then sent to a laboratory andtested for emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organiccompounds in environmental test chambers described in GuideD5116 and Practice D7706.4.2 Samples are prepared by trained an
18、d competent opera-tors using professional spraying equipment. Detailed instruc-tions on the selection and operation of this equipment areoutside of the scope of this practice. This practice specifies theinformation to be collected during the spraying operation. Atest sample is sprayed to a defined t
19、hickness and size onto adefined substrate. The sample is wrapped with aluminum foil,packaged in a layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bag,placed in a secondary container, and sent to the laboratory onthe same day it is sprayed and prepared, if possible.4.3 Testing is to begin within 48 h of the
20、 time the sample issprayed and prepared. When testing in a small-scale environ-mental chamber, the laboratory cuts the sample to create a testspecimen of a defined thickness and size. The thickness varieswith product type as specified in 8.3 and 8.4. The test specimenis placed into a tight-fitting s
21、tainless-steel holder with only theupper face of the product exposed. The specimen in its holderis transferred to the test chamber. Specialized procedures aredescribed in 8.5 for preparing specimens for testing in micro-scale chambers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may ne
22、ed to test theirproducts for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntarystandards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reactionwhen combining a two-component mixture during spraying,
23、specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproduc-ibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturers specificationsand instructions must be followed carefully and detailedinformation regarding the spraying process must be recorded(see
24、7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shippingare needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of the samplesis preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimensfrom samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so t
25、hatemission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons canbe made between test data for different samples.6. Materials6.1 Spray gun and related spraying equipment for applica-tion of the SPF insulation product shall be as specified by theSPF insulation product manufacturer. Contact the SPF equ
26、ip-ment manufacturer for details concerning the spraying equip-ment. (WarningDO NOT attempt to create SPF insulationsamples without the proper spraying equipment or withoutproper training in the operation of this equipment including theuse of appropriate personal protective equipment.3) The mainspra
27、ying equipment components typically consist of:6.1.1 Spray gun with impingement mixing technology formixing the two part liquid product inside the gun, gun tip, andpurge system;6.1.2 Proportioning machine with pumps, pressure controlsand heating capacity; and6.1.3 Heated hoses.6.2 Substrate Material
28、Clean high-density polyethylene(HDPE) sheets, cut to minimum dimensions of 30 by 30-cm,with a minimum thickness of 9-mm.6.3 Knife or saw, clean and free of cutting oils and otherorganic contaminants.6.4 Circular foam coring tool constructed of steel to cut SPFinsulation samples to fit tightly into s
29、ample holders or directlyinto micro-scale chambers as described in Practice D7706.6.5 Layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bags, with amiddle layer of aluminum foil and an inner layer of linear lowdensity polyethylene (LLDPE), light resistant, preferably withzipper seal (zipper seal may not be a
30、vailable on larger sizedbags), composite layer approximately 0.127-mm thick. Bagsare available commercially for food storage and should besized to minimize headspace when the sample is placed in thebag.NOTE 1For open-cell SPF products, a bag size of approximately 51 by76 cm has been found to be suit
31、able. For closed-cell SPF products, a bagsize of approximately 46 by 71 cm has been found to be suitable.6.6 Packaging tape, clear, approximately 5-cm wide.6.7 Stainless steel sample holder with open top; dimensionsare described in 8.3.3 and 8.4.3 depending on the type ofmaterial being tested.6.8 St
32、ainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shimsfor sample holder, as necessary.6.9 Aluminum foil, clean, heavy-gauge roll, approximately0.024-mm thick.6.10 Shipping container, sturdy and insulated secondarycontainer such as a recreational cooler or a molded insulatedshipping container housed i
33、n a cardboard box. The insulatedcontainer should be as air tight as possible.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Prepare and spray the SPF insulation sample either in acontrolled spray booth or room at a product manufacturinglocation or in the field at a building application site using theequipment and process
34、ing parameters that are specified by theSPF insulation product manufacturer for application of theproduct in buildings. The spray booth or room should be3SPF applicator on-line health and safety training is available from the Centerfor the Polyurethanes Industry at www.spraypolyurethane.orgD7859 131
35、2maintained at a constant temperature of 23 6 2C and relativehumidity of 80%. However, the preparer may elect to utilizedifferent environmental parameters in the spray booth or roomto mimic a particular field condition (for example, cold weatherapplication). Environmental conditions of the spray boo
36、th orroom must be documented. For safety and to ensure thatsamples are prepared properly, preparation and spraying mustbe conducted by a trained and competent operator. Follow allapplicable safety instructions.NOTE 2Industry programs that accredit spray foam contractors andoperators are available.47
37、.2 Prior to spraying the SPF insulation sample, the operatorshall ensure that the container of the B-side material of theproduct is adequately mixed if specified by the manufacturer.Prior to spraying, the operator flushes the spray equipmentusing the product formulation to be tested so that potentia
38、lresiduals from previously-sprayed products do not contaminatethe sample. Flush the A- and B-side hoses with the material tobe sprayed using volume equal to at least three times the hosevolume. If the spray gun incorporates a self-cleaning mecha-nism (that is, solvent), the solvent name and its Chem
39、icalAbstract Service (CAS) registry number are recorded andcommunicated to the laboratory.7.3 At the time of spraying, record the following informa-tion:7.3.1 Spray operator name, affiliation, and, if applicable,certifications/accreditations;7.3.2 SPF insulation product manufacturer name, productnam
40、e, whether open-cell or closed cell formulation, and lotnumbers of the A- and B-side SPF materials;7.3.3 Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers for the spraygun, gun tip, proportioner, and other related spraying equip-ment;7.3.4 Spray booth or room temperature, relative humidity,and barometric pres
41、sure;7.3.5 A-side and B-side preheater set-point temperatures,static (not spraying) and dynamic (spraying) pressures, andhose heater set-point temperature;7.3.6 Date and time sample was sprayed, and the number oflifts (layers or passes) used to create the sample.7.3.7 If known, whether or not the su
42、rface skin of thesample will be trimmed in the field to align the SPF surfacewith wall studs or other structural elements; and7.3.8 Any other relevant information. Photographs of thekey spraying operations are recommended to be included aspart of the record.7.4 Spraying Operation:7.4.1 If spraying h
43、orizontally, elevate the HDPE substrateseveral centimetres above the spraying surface using smallblocks of wood, disposable cups, or other support.7.4.2 For open-cell SPF insulation, spray the product ontothe substrate so that the substrate is covered to a foam thicknessof greater than 10 cm (typica
44、lly 1011 cm), using one lift (layeror pass). An additional lift may be performed if it is necessaryto achieve the proper thickness.7.4.3 For closed-cell SPF insulation, spray the product ontothe substrate so that the substrate is covered to a foam thicknessof greater than 4 cm (typically 45 cm), usi
45、ng one lift (layer orpass). An additional lift may be performed if it is necessary toachieve the proper thickness.7.5 Packaging and Shipping:7.5.1 After spraying, wait one hour to allow curing of theSPF insulation material. Wrap the sample, including the HDPEsubstrate, with at least one layer of cle
46、an aluminum foil. Then,place the entire wrapped sample into a layered PET bag of asize that minimizes the headspace over the sample. To furtherminimize headspace, manually force as much air out of the bagas possible, but do not use any vacuum. Record the time thesample is packaged.7.5.2 Label the ou
47、tside of the layered PET storage bag withsample identification, but DO NOT write on the SPF insulationsamples, aluminum foil or substrate. If the bag has a zipperseal, close the zipper. Seal again by creating a 5-cm fold, repeatthe fold several times, and then apply packaging tape to thefold. Do not
48、 heat-seal the layered PET bag.7.5.3 Place layered PET bag(s) in a sturdy and insulatedsecondary container such as a recreational cooler or a moldedinsulated shipping container housed in a cardboard box. Theinsulated container should be as air tight as possible. Thesample is now ready for shipment t
49、o the laboratory. Do not addice packs to the shipping container or expose the shippingcontainer to excessive heat.NOTE 3This practice does not address the impact of environmentalconditions during shipping on emissions tests. It is recommended to placeelectronic data loggers that monitor pressure, temperature and relativehumidity inside the shipping container to record these parameters duringtransport. If data loggers are used during transport, record the data uponreceipt in the laboratory as specified in 8.1. The data can be used toevaluate sources of variability du
