1、Designation: D7960 16D7960 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forUnleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for p
3、urchases of a UL102 unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel undercontract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes.1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel. It doesnot include all gasolin
4、es satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider,or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.3 The D7960 test fuel defined by this specification may not exhibit identical performance to those leade
5、d fuels with whichthe existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate. Therefore, the suitability of this fuelfor use on any specific aircraft, aircraft engine, or ground-based fuel handling equipment should be evaluated before use on thatequipment.1.4 Issuan
6、ce of this specification does not constitute approval to operate certificated aircraft with this fuel. Fuels used in certifiedengines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evidence to theauthority as part of the certification program for
7、that aircraft and engine model.1.5 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded D7960 test fuel at the time andplace of delivery.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this stand
8、ard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitatio
9、ns prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technica
10、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleu
11、m Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replaced byD 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)3D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporat
12、ionD614 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Fuels by the Aviation Method; Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn1970)31 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0
13、.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2016January 2018. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142016as D7960 14.D7960 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7960-16.10.1520/D7960-17.2 For referencedAST
14、M standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.ast
15、m.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult pri
16、or editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
17、28-2959. United States1D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Meth
18、od for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1948 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of Motor Fuels Above 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method; Replacedby D 2700 (Withdrawn 1968)3D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of A
19、viation FuelsD2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation GasolinesD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Sp
20、ark-Ignition Engine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel S
21、ystem Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combust
22、ion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X
23、-Ray SpectroscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon ComponentD6469 Guide for Microbial Contam
24、ination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD7719 Specification for High Aromatic Content Unleaded Hydrocarbon Aviation GasolineD7826 Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline AdditivesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specificat
25、ions2.2 Other Documents:MIL-PRF-25017 Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble4GOST 101272 Aviation Petrols, Specifications53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, ngasoline intended for use in aircraft powered by reciprocating spark ignition engines,where lead is not intentionally a
26、dded for the purpose of enhancing octane performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include volatility limits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
27、1 non-hydrocarbon, adjcompound composed of carbon and hydrogen and one or more of the elements oxygen, nitrogen,and sulfur, and any combination of these elements.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome examples of non-hydrocarbon components that may be used in D7960 aviation gasoline are aniline, t-butyl acetate, 2,
28、6ditertiarybutyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5 Available from Technormativ LLC (Runorm), 19 Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111024, R
29、ussia, http:/.D7960 1724. General4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel atthe time and place of delivery.5. Classification5.1 One grade of unleaded aviation gasoline is described, UL102 aviation gasoline test fuel
30、.NOTE 1The above grade name is based on the fuels motor octane as measured by Test Method D2700.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 D7960 test fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbons derivedfrom crude petroleum, natural gasoline, biomass
31、 or blends thereof, with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons, or both;with hetero-molecules such as amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters and ethers.6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for a representative composition that meets the parameters of Table 1.6.2 AdditivesThese may be added to D7960 t
32、est fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list ofapproved materials:6.2.1 Other AdditivesThese may be added in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list of approvedmaterials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additiv
33、es added after the point of manufacture shall alsobe declared.6.2.1.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including mass of solvent) per liter of fuel.(1) 2,6-ditertiary but
34、yl-4-methylphenol.(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.(6) 72
35、 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary butylphenols.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for UL102 Aviation Gasoline Test FuelProperty Test Method Min/Max Test GasolineMotor Octane NumberA ASTM D2700 Min 102.5Pb, g/L ASTM D5059 Max 0.013Bdensity 15
36、 C, kg/m3 ASTM D1298 or D4052C Report ReportIBP, C ASTM D86 Report Report10 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Max 7540 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Min 7550 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Max 10590 % by volume at C ASTM D86 Max 135Final boiling point, C ASTM D86 Max 210Sum of 10 % and 50 % evaporated, C ASTM D86 Mi
37、n 135Recovery, % by volume ASTM D86 Min 97Residue, % by volume ASTM D86 Max 1.5Loss, % by volume ASTM D86 Max 1.5Vapor pressure, 38 C, kPa ASTM D323, ASTM D5191C MinMax38.049.0Freezing Point, CDFreezing Point, C ASTM D2386 REPORTEFreezing Point, C ASTM D5972 REPORTFSulfur, % by mass ASTM D2622 Max 0
38、.05Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg ASTM D4809 Min 42Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 C ASTM D130 Max No. 1Oxidation stability (5 h aging), potential gum, mg/100 mL ASTM D873 Max 6Existent Gum, mg/100 mL ASTM D381 Max 1Water reaction, volume change, mL ASTM D1094 Max 2Electrical Conductivity, pS/m A
39、STM D2624 MinMax50G450GA MON is reported without any corrections applied.B Lead content is applicable at the point of manufacture and the point of fit for purpose testing.C ASTM Test Methods D4052 and D5191 will be used as referee methods.D Caution in the use of this fuel and further investigation m
40、ay be warranted when results are 58 C.E This is the standard method used for aviation gasolines; its applicability with this new fuel formulation is under evaluation.F This method is currently not applicable for aviation gasolines and is under evaluation for applicability.G Applies only when an elec
41、trical conductivity additive is used; when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conductivity limits shall applyunder the condition at point of use:Minimum 50 pS/mMaximum 450 pS/mThe supplier shall report the amount of additive added.D7960 173(7) N,N-di-isopropyl-
42、para-phenylenediamine.(8) N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following may be used:(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May be usedin concentrations recommended b
43、y the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.D7960 174NOTE 2Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values.6(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME),7 conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III
44、).May be used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % by volume when required by the aircraft owner/operator.6.2.1.3 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveCorrosion inhibitors that conform to the latest issue of MIL-PRF-25017 may be added tothe D7960 test fuel in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable conc
45、entrations listed in the latest revision of QPL-25017.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The D7960 test fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the preci
46、sion of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used
47、.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The D7960 test fuel specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter. Nosubstances of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditions of handling and use shall be present except as permitted in thisspecifi
48、cation.9. Sampling9.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufacturer/suppliers
49、pecification compliance testing shall be performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.9.2 A number of D7960 properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are very sensitive to tracecontamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers, refer to Practice D4306.10. Reports10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the D
