1、Designation: D7982 15Standard Practice forTesting of Factory Thermo-Fusion Seams for FabricatedGeomembrane Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides manufacturing quality controlguidance for the factory seaming of fabricated geomembranepanels
3、. This practice is not to be considered as all-encompassing since there are a large number of geomembranetypes, weld types and fabrication processes that cannot beanticipated and covered in this document.1.2 This practice is written for factory fabricated geomem-brane panels only and does not apply
4、to field fabricationon-site.1.3 This practice does not cover joining of materials duringthe primary geomembrane manufacturing process such as thevulcanized overlaps found in EPDM sheet.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD6392 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of N
6、onre-inforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion MethodsD7408 Specification for Non Reinforced PVC (PolyvinylChloride) Geomembrane SeamsD7700 Guide for Selecting Test Methods for GeomembraneSeamsD7747 Test Method for Determining Integrity of SeamsProduced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for
7、ReinforcedGeomembranes by the Strip Tensile MethodD7749 Test Method for Determining Integrity of SeamsProduced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for ReinforcedGeomembranes by the Grab MethodD7865 Guide for Identification, Packaging, Handling, Stor-age and Deployment of Fabricated Geomembrane Panels3. Term
8、inology3.1 For definition of terms related to geomembranes, refer toTerminology D4439.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 destructive test samplea seam sample taken before,during or after production welding that is used to determinecompliance of production seams with a specification.3.2.2 post-production testa de
9、structive test sample testedat the conclusion of the manufacturing process (productionseam or trial seam) to qualify the previously produced produc-tion seams.3.2.3 pre-production testa destructive test sample tested atthe beginning of the manufacturing process to qualify subse-quent production seam
10、s.3.2.4 production seama factory seam that is made as partof a finished fabricated panel.3.2.5 trial seama seam made prior to or after productionwelding, made by the same personnel, using the samegeomembrane material, the same welding unit and the sameseaming conditions used in the actual production
11、 seamingprocess. Trial seams are used to provide destructive testsamples without damaging production seams.3.2.6 welding uniteach individual welding station or pieceof welding equipment used to make a single seam.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended to aid fabricators, suppliers,purc
12、hasers, and users of fabricated panels in the testingrequirements for factory created seams during fabrication ofgeomembrane panels.4.2 Factory seaming of geomembranes has advantages overfield seaming including less temperature variation, no wind,less contamination (soil and water) concerns, a consi
13、stent worksurface for welding and options for factory equipment that maynot be robust enough for the field environment. This results in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edit
14、ion approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D7982152For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
15、M website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1factory welds more consistent than field seams and allows fora lesser frequency of testing than for field seams.4.3 This guide is not intended to replace project-specificseamin
16、g and testing requirements or quality assurance pro-grams.5. Procedure5.1 Factory Seam Testing Frequency:5.1.1 The quality of production seams must be verified bydestructively testing portions of production seams or test seamsfrom each welding unit used at a frequency that is sufficient toprovide co
17、nfidence in the seam quality contained in the factoryfabricated panels. To that end, all production seaming must bebounded by passing destructive test samples consisting of, at aminimum, a pre-production test and a post-production test. Adestructive test sample tested during production process quali
18、-fies as a post-production test for the seams already made aswell as a pre-production test for the seams to be made goingforward.5.1.2 Destructive test samples can be taken from productionseams as part of in-process inspections. Destructive testsamples can be removed from extra material added to the
19、 endof a production seam or from a cut-out within a productionseam. Any discontinuity in the production seam as a result ofsample removal must be repaired.5.1.3 Pre-production tests must be completed at the begin-ning of a shift, after any break in the seaming process that is45 min or longer, after
20、any change in the welding unit settingsand any time the type or thickness of geomembrane beingseamed is changed.5.1.4 Post-production tests must be completed at the end ofa shift, before any break in the seaming process that will be45 min or longer, just prior to any changes in the welding unitsetti
21、ngs and at the end of production of a certain geomembranetype or thickness.5.1.5 A destructive test sample must be tested no lessfrequently than once every 4 h when a shift is welding the samegeomembrane type and thickness for more than 4 h.5.2 Factory Seam Samples, Test Procedures and Results:5.2.1
22、 The appropriate ASTM seam test procedure should beused for the type of geomembrane and type of seam beingevaluated unless otherwise specified by a project specificspecification. Some standard ASTM test procedures include:Test Method D6392 for non-reinforced geomembrane thermo-fusion seams; Test Met
23、hods D7747 and D7749 for reinforcedgeomembrane seams and Specification D7408 for non-reinforced PVC seams. Guide D7700 provides a more detailedlist of geomembrane seam tests.5.2.2 Some types of seams do not have a loose flap availablefor testing seam peel strength. If a trial seam cannot easily bema
24、de for evaluation of seam peel strength, the production seamcan have a tape or some other means of interrupting thebonding of the two sheets so that two seam peel specimens canbe cut and tested down the length of the seam. In that case, twotest specimens are sufficient for evaluation seam peel stren
25、gth.This is typically done on extra material at the beginning or endof a seam and not from the middle of a production seam.5.2.3 Seam strength and failure mode in peel and shear willbe evaluated with respect to the fabricators internal manufac-turing quality control specification and, if applicable,
26、 theproject specific specification or ASTM specification.5.2.4 If a pre-production test fails, the cause of the failuremust be determined and corrected. Seam failures can be due toimproper welding conditions, faulty equipment or faultygeomembrane material. If the destructive test sample was partof a
27、 production seam, the seam must be repaired or cut out andreplaced. Whether the destructive test sample was from a trialseam or a production seam, a destructive test sample must passthe test requirements before any seam made with that weldingunit can be saved as part of a geomembrane panel.5.2.5 If
28、a post-production test fails, all the seams made withthat welding unit since the last passing destructive test sampleare considered to be rejected. If the seam can be inspected ortested and the point at which the seam went from passing to notpassing can be located, the seam prior to that point iscon
29、sidered to be acceptable and can be used.Any portion of theseam that cannot be demonstrated to meet the specificationshall be repaired or cut out and replaced.5.3 Fabrication and Identification:5.3.1 Factory fabricated panels will be packaged andhandled in accordance with Guide D7865. The results of
30、 eachdestructive test sample shall be recorded including: the panelidentification, seam number or test location, the technicianperforming the test, the test results and a pass or fail descrip-tion.6. Report6.1 A report will be provided upon request for factoryfabricated panel seams that are required
31、 to be in compliancewith this practice. The information reported should meet therequirements of the report section of referenced ASTM testprocedures when applicable. At a minimum, the report willcontain the following information.6.1.1 Seam or test locations relevant to the provided panels.6.1.2 Seam
32、 peel results including locus of break codes.6.1.3 Shear test results including locus of break codes.7. Keywords7.1 fabricated; fabricated panel; factory seam; geomem-brane; MQC; seam; weldingD7982 152ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
33、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
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35、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
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