1、Designation: D8029 16D8029 17Standard Specification forBiodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity use
3、d inindustrial/mobile hydraulic applications.1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separateperformance requirements are desirable.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
4、with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standa
6、rdizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Clev
7、eland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D664 Test Method for Acid
8、 Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral OilsD974
9、Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic FluidsD2070 Test Method for Th
10、ermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lub
11、ricants usinga Rotational ViscometerD3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocarbon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral
12、Oils1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2017. Published March 2016August 2017. Originally approv
13、ed in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asD8029 16. DOI: 10.1520/D8029-16.10.1520/D8029-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards D
14、ocument Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, AST
15、M recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD6081 Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results InterpretationD6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Lim
17、its for Determining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for Industrial Hydraulic FluidApplicationsD6731 Test Method for Determining theAerobic,Aquatic Biodegradability of Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a ClosedRespirometerD6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid,
18、and Gaseous Samples Using RadiocarbonAnalysisD7043 Test Method for IndicatingWear Characteristics of Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a ConstantVolumeVane PumpD7373 Test Method for Predicting Biodegradability of Lubricants Using a Bio-kinetic ModelD7752 Practice for Evaluating Compati
19、bility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids2.2 EPA Standards:3OPPTS 835.3110 Ready BiodegradabilityOPPTS 850.1010 Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater DaphnidsOPPTS 850.1075 Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater and MarineOPPTS 850.5400 Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II2.3 OECD Standards:4OEC
20、D Test No. 107 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), Shake Flask MethodOECD Test No. 117 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), High Performance Liquid Chromatography MethodOECD Test No. 123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring MethodOECD Test No. 201 Freshwater Alga and Cyano
21、bacteria, Growth Inhibition TestOECD Test No. 202 Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation TestOECD Test No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity TestOECD Test No. 301 Ready BiodegradabilityOECD Test No. 305 Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous and Dietary Exposure2.4 CEC Standards:5CEC Test Method L-45-99 Viscosity Shear
22、Stability of Transmission Lubricants2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 9408 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Medium byDetermination of Oxygen Demand in a Closed RespirometerISO 9439 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Organi
23、c Compounds in Aqueous MediumCarbon Dioxide Evolution TestISO 14593 Water QualityEvaluation of Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds in Aqueous MediumMethod by Analysis of Inorganic Carbon in Sealed Vessels (CO2 Headspace Test)ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Tes
24、ting and Calibration Laboratories3 U.S. EPA Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (7101); available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jefferson Clinton Bldg.,1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.4 Available from Organisation for E
25、conomic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2 rue Andr Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, http:/www.oecd.org.5 Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided by Kellen Europe,Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cectests.org.6 Available from Internat
26、ional Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D8029 1723. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acute ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test material to produce adverse behavioral, bioche
27、mical, or physiological effectsin non-human organisms or populations in a short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of their life span.3.1.2 acute ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxicity test in which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposedto different treat ra
28、tes of a test material and is observed for a short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of theirlife span.3.1.3 bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a substance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environmentalsources.3.1.4 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical br
29、eakdown or transformation of a material caused by organisms or theirenzymes.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanism by which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.5 hydraulic fluid, na liquid used in hydraulic systems for lubrication and transmission of power.4. Biodegradab
30、le Hydraulic Fluid Performance Requirements4.1 Table 1 summarizes the environmental behavior requirements.4.2 Table 2 summarizes the physical property and performance requirements.4.3 This specfication assumes that all biodegradable hydraulic fluids shall have a minimum impact on human health, which
31、 isdocumented in the safety data sheet offering a labeling-free product in accordance with globally harmonized system (GHS)regulation.5. Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids5.1 As a general guideline, different fluids should not be mixed.5.2 Compatibility should be evaluated according to Pr
32、actice D7752.6. Keywords6.1 aquatic toxicity; bioaccumulation; biodegradable; environmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL); fluids; hydraulicsD8029 173TABLE 1 Environmental Behavior RequirementsNOTE 1The bioconcentration factor (BCF) shall be assessed according to OECD 305, Part C.13 of the Annex to
33、Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, orequivalent test methods.NOTE 2Since most substances used in lubricants are quite hydrophobic, the BCF-value BCF value should be based on the lipid weight content andcare must be shown to ensure a sufficient exposure time.NOTE 3The log octanol/water partition coefficien
34、t (log Kow) shall be assessed according to Part A.8 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008or OECD 107, OECD 117, OECD 123, or equivalent test methods.NOTE 4In case of an organic substance other than a surfactant where no experimental value is available, a calculation method can be used.NOTE 5Th
35、e following calculation methods are allowed: CLOGP, LOGKOW, (KOWWIN)LOGKOW (KOWWIN), and SPARC. Estimated log Kowvalues by any of these calculation methods 7 indicates that the substance is not expected to bioaccumulate.NOTE 6If a substance is evaluated for the formulation and main constituents, the
36、 LC 50 of fluids must be at least 100 mg L. If a substance is evaluatedfor each constituent substance, rather than the complete formulation and main compounds, then constituents comprising less than 20 % of fluids can havean LC 50 between 10 mg L and 100 mg L or a no observed effect concentration (N
37、OEC) between 1 mg L and 10 mg L, constituents comprising lessthan 5 % of fluids can have an LC 50 between 1 mg L and 10 mg L or a NOEC between 0.1 mg L and 1 mg L, and constituents comprising less than1 % of fluids can have an LC 50 less than 1 mg L or a NOEC between 0 mg L and 0.1 mg L.Characterist
38、ics of Tests Units Requirements EPA StandardUltimate Biodegradability, minA % 60 Test Method D5864B /OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076% 67 Test Method D6731B /OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076BioaccumulationC Log Kow 7 OECD Test No. 117DBCF # 100 L kg OECD Test No. 305DAcute Aquatic ToxicityAcute
39、fish toxicity, 96 h, LC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1075E former 712-C-96-118Acute Daphnia toxicity, 48 h, EC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1010F former 712-C-96-114Acute Algae toxicity, 72 h, EC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.5400G former 712-C-96-164Renewability % Report Test Methods D6866A Biodegradabili
40、ty and aquatic toxicity tests should be performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) or ISO 17025. Water-soluble fluids shall be tested inaccordance with the test method cited. Fluids with low water solubility shall be tested using water-accommodated fractions, prepared according to Practic
41、e D6081.Biodegradation testing may be done on the lubricant formulation or the main components. Lubricant formulations must contain at least 90 % (w/w (weight in weightconcentration) of a constituent substance or constituent substances (only stated substances present above 0.10 % shall be assessed)
42、that each demonstrate either theremoval of at least 70 % of dissolved organic carbon, production of at least 67 % of the theoretical carbon dioxide, or consumption of at least 60 % of the theoretical oxygendemand within 28 days. For lubricant formulations, the 10 % (w/w) of the formulation that need
43、 not meet the above biodegradability requirements, up to 5 % (w/w) maybe nonbiodegradable (but not bioaccumulative) while the remainder must be inherently (20 % to 800 g/mol; (b) has a molecular diameter 1.5 nm (15 ); or (c) isa polymer and its molecular weight fraction below 1000 g/mol is less than
44、 1 %.E OPPTS 850.1075 or equivalent OECD Test No. 203.F OPPTS 850.1010 or equivalent OECD Test No. 202.G OPPTS 850.5400 or equivalent OECD Test No. 201.D8029 174TABLE 2 Physical Property and Performance RequirementsProperties Test MethodASTM (Other)Parameters LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 15 22 32
45、46 68 100Viscosity of fresh oil D445 kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s 13.516.5 19.824.2 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90.0110Viscosity 750 mm2/s D445 temperature, C, max. 23 15 8 2 4 10Viscosity 750 mm2/s D2983 temperature, C, max. 23 15 8 2 4 10Viscosity index D2270 report report report report repor
46、t reportViscosity change after shear CEC-L-45-99A kinematic viscosity at 100 C, mm2/safter shearing for 20 hmax. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10%Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report reportAppearance Visual, 20 C clear andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightclear
47、 andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightFlash point D92 temperature, C, min 165 175 185 195 205 215Pour point D97 temperature, C, max 24 21 18 15 12 12Acid number D974/D664 mg KOH/g report report report report report reportRust prevention D665A visual evaluation after 24 h, pass or fail pass pass pa
48、ss pass pass passD665B visual evaluation after 24 h, pass or fail report report report report report reportCorrosion D130 copper corrosion, 3 h at 100 C, visual, max 2 2 2 2 2 2Water separabilityB D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion max at 54 C 30 30 30 30 30 .time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion max at 82 C
49、 . . . . . 60Elastomer compatibility D6546 SRE-FKM;C 168 h 100 CSRE-HNBR;C 168 h 100 CSRE-NBR;C 168 h 60 C. . . . . .relative volume change, % 0 to +20 0 to +15 0 to +12 0 to +12 0 to +10 0 to +10change in Shore A hardness, ratings 0 to 10 0 to 8 0 to 7 0 to 7 0 to 6 0 to 6Foam D892 Sequence I tendency/stability mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Sequence II tendency/stability mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Sequence III tendency/stability mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Ai
