1、Designation: D8047 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a CaterpillarC13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive DieselEngine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8047; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories th
3、at make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In gen
4、eral, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommi
5、ttee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an ass
6、urance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluate
7、s an engine oils resistance toaeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonlyreferred to as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-Oil Aeration Test(COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed(1800 rmin), zero-load conditions using a specified Caterpillar320 kW, direct-injection, turbochar
8、ged, after-cooled, six-cylinder diesel engine designed for heavy-duty, on-highwaytruck use. This test method was developed as a replacement forTest Method D6894.NOTE 1Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-mance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision o
9、fSpecification D4485.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent, forexample, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, andtubing size.1.3 This standard does no
10、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A2 forgeneral safety precauti
11、ons.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference-Oil Tests 9Procedure 10Calculation, Test
12、 Validity and Test Results 11Report 12Precision and Bias 13Keywords 14ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1Safety Precautions Annex A2Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubric
13、ants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/D8047-16.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.http:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
14、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionOil Temperature Control System Annex A4Engine Modifications and Instrumentation Annex A5External Oil System Annex A6Aeration Measurement System Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8ASTM TMC: Calibration Proc
15、edures Annex A9ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities Annex A10ASTM TMC: Related Information Annex A11Engine Break-in and Silicon Passivation Procedure Annex A12Schedule for Taking Oil Samples and Carrying outAnalysesAnnex A13Determination of Operational Validity Annex A14Specification for PC-10 ULSD Fuel
16、 Annex A15Typical System Configuration Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Pr
17、oductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity
18、)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test M
19、ethod for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillat
20、e Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specific
21、ation for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and Polynucl
22、ear Aromatic Content of DieselFuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical FluidChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubri
23、city of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)D6894 Test Method for Evaluation ofAeration Resistance ofEngine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged AutomotiveDiesel EngineD7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty EngineOils under High Output ConditionsCa
24、terpillar C13 TestProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D41
25、753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation. D41753.1.3 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the run-ning of a new engine under prescribed condition
26、s to helpstabilize engine response and help remove initial frictioncharacteristics associated with new engine parts. D41753.1.4 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of ameasuring device or a given engine with respect to a standard.D41753.1.5 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which
27、 thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test results.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability. D41753.1.6 calibration oil, ,
28、 nan oil that is used to determine theindication or output of a measuring device or a given enginewith respect to a standard. D41753.1.7 calibration test, nan engine test conducted on areference oil under carefully prescribed conditions, the resultsof which are used to determine the suitability of t
29、he enginestand/laboratory for such tests on non-reference oils.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA calibration test also includes testsconducted on parts to ensure their suitability for use inreference and non-reference tests. D41753.1.8 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics
30、 necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThese oils are mainly submitted fortesting as candidates to satisfy a specified performance; hencethe designation of the term. D41753For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
31、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D8047 1623.1.9 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
32、heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves ascombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.9.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, depositformation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming areexamples. D41753.1.10 foam
33、, nin liquids, a collection of bubbles formed inthe liquid or on (at) its surface in which the air (or gas) is themajor component on a volumetric basis. D41753.1.11 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuous at orclose to its peak outpu
34、t.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThis type of engine is typically in-stalled in large trucks and buses as well as farm, industrial, andconstruction equipment. D41753.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D41753.1.13 lubricant test m
35、onitoring system (LTMS), nan ana-lytical system in which ASTM calibration test data are used tomanage lubricant test precision and severity (bias). D41753.1.14 mass fraction of B, wB,nmass of a component B ina mixture divided by the total mass of all the constituents of themixture.3.1.14.1 Discussio
36、nValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of mass (for example, mass fraction oflead is wB=1.310-6= 1.3 mg/kg).3.1.15 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D41753.1.16 quality index (QI), na math
37、ematical formula thatuses data from controlled properties to calculate a valueindicative of control performance. D41753.1.17 quantity, nin the SI, a measurable property of abody or substance where the property has a magnitude ex-pressed as the product of a number and a unit; there are seven,well-def
38、ined base quantities (length, time, mass, temperature,amount of substance, electric current, and luminous intensity)from which all other quantities are derived (for example,volume, whose SI unit is the cubic metre).3.1.17.1 DiscussionSymbols for quantities must be care-fully defined; are written in
39、italic font, can be upper or lowercase, and can be qualified by adding further information insubscripts, or superscripts, or in parentheses (for example, Tfuel= 40 C, where T is used as the symbol for the quantitytemperature and Tfuelis the symbol for the specific quantityfuel temperature).3.1.18 re
40、ference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.18.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.19 test oil, na
41、ny oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.1.19.1 DiscussionIt can be any oil selected by thelaboratory conducting the test. It could be an experimentalproduct or a commercially available oil. Often it is an oil thatis a candidate for approval against engine oil specifications(such
42、as manufacturers or military specifications, and soforth). D41753.1.20 volume fraction of B, B,nvolume of component Bdivided by the total volume of the all the constituents of themixture prior to mixing.3.1.20.1 DiscussionValues are expressed as pure numbersor the ratio of two units of volume (for e
43、xample, B= 0.012 =1.2 % = 1.2 cL/L).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aeration, nin liquids, the action of impregnatingwith air that forms foam bubbles in or on the surface of a liquidor is entrained as a dispersion in that liquid.3.2.2 flush, nthe action of cleaning out the e
44、ngine oilsystem using new test oil to remove any residues as well as tominimize possible carryover effect from the previous test oil.3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms:3.3.1 ACERTAdvanced Combustion Emission ReductionTechnology3.3.2 ACMAlkyl Acrylate Copolymer3.3.3 BLBaseline (refers to density of fresh
45、, un-aerated oilat 90 C)3.3.4 BOTBeginning of Test3.3.5 CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board3.3.6 Cat4abbreviation for Caterpillar3.3.7 COATCaterpillar-C13 Oil-Aeration Test3.3.8 ELC5Extended-Life Coolant3.3.9 EOATEngine-Oil Aeration Test3.3.10 ETEngine Technician3.3.11 EOTEnd of Test3.3.12 FDMFlow an
46、d Density Meter3.3.13 ICP-AESInductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry3.3.14 IDInternal Diameter3.3.15 LTMSLubricant Test Monitoring System3.3.16 NPTNational Pipe Thread3.3.17 OAOil Aeration3.3.18 P/NPart Number (applies only to parts sourcedfrom Caterpillar)3.3.19 QIQuality Index3.3.20
47、 SLBOCLEScuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubric-ity Evaluator3.3.21 TMCTest Monitoring Center of ASTM3.3.22 ULSD fuelUltra-Low-Sulfur Diesel fuel3.4 Quantity Symbols:3.4.1 OAOil Aeration, %, (see 11.1.1.3)4Registered trademark of Caterpillar Inc., 100 North East Adams St., Peoria, IL61629.5Trademark o
48、f Caterpillar Inc., 100 North East Adams St., Peoria, IL 61629.D8047 1633.4.2 PSAMPLEPressure of the aerated oil sampled duringthe 50 h test determined as the average of the FDM inlet- andoutlet-pressures (see 10.5.6.3)3.4.3 TTemperature (see 10.4.2.3)3.4.4 TSAMPLETemperature of the aerated oil samp
49、ledduring the 50 h test determined as the average of the FDMinlet- and outlet-temperatures (see 10.5.6.4)3.4.5 density (see 10.4.2.3)3.4.6 AIRair density calculated at the temperature andpressure of the aerated oil sample during the 50 h test (see11.1.1.2)3.4.7 BL, 90baseline density of the unaerated fresh oil at90 C determined as the intercept of the D4052 density versustemperature regression (see 10.4.2.3)3.4.8 SAMPLEthe measured FDM density of the aeratedoil sampled during the 50 h test at the temperat
