1、Designation: D8078 16D8078 18Standard Test Method forAsh Content of Asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt Residues1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.1.2 A precision and bias statement f
3、or this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not beused for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The tex
4、t of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
5、with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally
6、recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3666 Specificatio
7、n for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD6934 Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified AsphaltD6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified AsphaltD7497 Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low Temperature Evapor
8、ative TechniqueE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 AASHTO Standard:3AASHTO PP72R78 Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt using Low-Temperature Evaporative Techniques3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A known amount of asphalt or emulsif
9、ied asphalt residue is put into a crucible, which is then placed into a muffle furnacefor a period of time to incinerate any organic materials present and allow gravimetric calculation of the ash content of the specimen.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorg
10、anic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTOPP72,R78, or other agency specified agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to s
11、olubility tests whena confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interferingmaterial is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plugsplug the filter.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by thi
12、s standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved O
13、ct. 1, 2016April 1, 2018. Published October 2016April 2018. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asD8078 16. DOI: 10.1520/D8078-16.10.1520/D8078-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
14、For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Thi
15、s document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editio
16、ns as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equ
17、ipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone doesnot completely ensure reliable results. Reliable
18、results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similaracceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 CruciblePorcelain or quartz-fiberquartz-fiber, of sufficient size (normally 30 to 100 cm100-cm3 ca
19、pacity) and suitabilityfor muffle furnace, may be used.5.2 Crucible TongsSufficient size to transfer the crucible to and from the muffle furnace safely.5.3 Balance, capable of weighing a minimum of 200 g to within 0.001 g.5.4 Muffle FurnaceElectric resistance heated or microwave heated furnace, capa
20、ble of maintaining a temperature of 900 625C.25 C.5.5 Desiccator, of suitable size to hold the crucibles during the cooling process.6. Procedure6.1 Preheat the muffle furnace to a temperature of 600C (610C)600 610 C prior to moving on to the next step in theprocedure.6.2 Heat an empty crucible at 60
21、0C (610C) 600 6 10 C for 10 to 15 min. Cool the crucible to room temperature in thedesiccator.6.3 Place the empty crucible on the balance and record the weight (W(Wc) to the nearest 0.001 g. Tare the balance prior toplacing the sample in the crucible.6.4 Place approximately 2 to 3 g of the emulsifie
22、d asphalt residue or asphalt to be tested into the crucible and record the sampleweight (W(Ws) to the nearest 0.001 g. If the sample is hot when put into the crucible, place the crucible with the sample into thedesiccator to cool for 15 min prior to recording the sample weight (W(Ws) to the nearest
23、0.001 g.NOTE 2A pre-ashing procedure may be used prior to placing the sample into the muffle furnace, if deemed necessary by the muffle furnacemanufacturer or prior testing of the sample. This requires placing the crucible onto an acceptable stand above a Bunsen burner. Adjust the height of theflame
24、 until it is just high enough to touch the crucible. Heat the sample until the sample flames, and discontinue when the flaming of the sample subsides.Using tongs, remove the crucible from the stand and place it into the muffle furnace.6.5 Place the crucible with the sample into the muffle furnace an
25、d incinerate the contents of the crucible for a minimum of 2h, but no longer than 3 h.6.6 Remove the crucible from the oven and allow to cool in a desiccator at room temperature for a minimum of 30 min.6.7 Record the crucible and ash sample weight (W(Wc+a) to the nearest 0.001 g. Return the crucible
26、 to the muffle furnace foran additional 30 min (65 min).6 5 min.6.8 Remove the crucible from the oven and allow to cool in a desiccator at room temperature for a minimum of 30 min.6.9 Record the crucible and ash sample weight (W(Wc+a) to the nearest 0.001 g, and if the weight is within 0.002 g of th
27、atrecorded in 6.6, it may be considered to be at constant weight.6.10 If a constant weight has not been achieved, repeat steps 6.7 6.9 until a constant weight is reached.7. Calculation7.1 This equation is used to determine the percent ash content (A(Ac) from the asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue
28、 sample. Theash content is calculated as follows:%Ac5Wc1a2WcWs3100 (1)where:Ac = ash content,Wc+a = weight of crucible and ash sample,Wc = weight of crucible, andWs = weight of sample (prior to testing).Report the ash content (A(Ac) to the nearest 0.01 %.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Since a precision es
29、timate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is to The following criteria should beused for research or informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of amaterial for purchasing purposes.judging the acceptability of results
30、(95 %) probability based on Practice E691 calculations:D8078 1828.1.1 Duplicate results by the same operator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than the followingamount:Ash Content, mass % Repeatability, mass %0 3 0.138.1.2 The results submitted by each of two laboratories s
31、hould not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than thefollowing amount:Ash Content, mass % Reproducibility, mass %0 3 0.168.2 No information can be presented on the bias for measuring % Ash Content in The bias of this test method cannot bedetermined because no material having an accepta
32、bleaccepted reference value is available.9. Keywords9.1 ash content; asphalt; emulsified asphaltASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determin
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