1、Designation: D8114 17D8114 18Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on FuelEconomy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks inSequence VIE Spark Ignition1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8114; the number immediately following the designation ind
2、icates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written
3、for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)3 services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories pre
4、viouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute
5、 (API) and the Gear LubricantReview Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory usethe TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory
6、 (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services proc
7、ess.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fueleconomy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle
8、weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using aspecified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies tomulti-viscosity oils used in these applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other u
9、nits of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters,tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured inkilogra
10、ms per kilowatt-hour.1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 21 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on
11、Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved May 1, 2017April 1, 2018. Published June 2017May 2018. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8114 17.DOI: 10.1520/D8114-17.10.1520/D8114-18.2 The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed by an
12、ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in an ASTMspecial technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as Research Report RR:D02-1469, dated April 8, 1999.3 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the
13、test method by means of information letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allinformation Letters through No. 15-1.17-3.4 Trademark of General Motors
14、 Corporation, 300 Renaissance Center, Detroit, MI 48265.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
15、accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6General 6.1Test Engine Configuration 6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3Engine Speed and Torque Control 6.4Dynamometer 6.4.1Dynamometer Torque 6.4.2Engine C
17、ooling System 6.5External Oil System 6.6Fuel System 6.7Fuel Flow Measurement 6.7.2Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter 6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail 6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps 6.7.5Fuel Filtering 6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply 6.8Intake Air Humidit
18、y 6.8.1Intake Air Filtration 6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief 6.8.3Temperature Measurement 6.9Thermocouple Location 6.9.5AFR Determination 6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.11Exhaust Manifolds 6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System 6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure 6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pre
19、ssure Sensor Locations 6.12Engine Oil 6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter 6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail 6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure 6.12.5Intake Air 6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure 6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure 6.12.8Crankcase Pressure 6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus
20、 6.13Test Engine Configuration 6.13.1ECU (Power Control Module) 6.13.2Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate 6.13.3Wiring Harness 6.13.4Oil Pan 6.13.5Engine Water Pump Adapter Plate 6.13.6Thermostat Block-Off Plate 6.13.7Oil Filter Adapter Plate 6.13.8Modified Throttle Body Assembly 6.13.9Fuel Rail 6.13
21、.10Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation 6.14Reagents and Materials 7Engine Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Cleaning Materials 7.4Preparation of Apparatus 8Test Stand Preparation 8.2Engine Preparation 9Cleaning of Engine Parts 9.3Engine Assembly Procedure 9.4General Assembly Inst
22、ructions 9.4.1Bolt Torque Specifications 9.4.2Sealing Compounds 9.4.3Harmonic Balancer 9.4.5Thermostat 9.4.6Coolant Inlet 9.4.7Oil Filter Adapter 9.4.8Dipstick Tube 9.4.9Sensors, Switches, Valves, and Positioners 9.4.10Ignition System 9.4.11Fuel Injection System 9.4.12Intake Air System 9.4.13Engine
23、Management System 9.4.14Accessory Drive Units 9.4.15Exhaust Manifolds 9.4.16Engine Flywheel and Guards 9.4.17Lifting of Assembled Engines 9.4.18Engine Mounts 9.4.19D8114 182Non-Phased Camshaft Gears 9.4.20Internal Coolant Orifice 9.4.21Calibration 10Stand/Engine Calibration 10.1Procedure 10.1.1Repor
24、ting of Reference Results 10.1.2Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils 10.1.3Instrument Calibration 10.2Engine Torque Measurement System 10.2.3Fuel Flow Measurement System 10.2.4Coolant Flow Measurement System 10.2.5Thermocouple and Temperature Measurement System 10.2.6Humidity Measurement System 10
25、.2.7Other Instrumentation 10.2.8Test Procedure 11External Oil System 11.1Flush Effectiveness Demonstration 11.2Preparation for Oil Charge 11.3Initial Engine Start-Up 11.4New Engine Break-In 11.5Oil Charge for Break-In 11.5.2Break-In Operating Conditions 11.5.3Standard Requirements for Break-In 11.5.
26、4Routine Test Operation 11.6Start-Up and Shutdown Procedures 11.6.1Flying Flush Oil Exchange Procedures 11.6.2Test Operating Stages 11.6.3Stabilization to Stage Conditions 11.6.4Stabilized BSFC Measurement Cycle 11.6.5BLB1 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Run 1 11.6.6BSFC Measurement of BL
27、B1 Oil Before Test Oil Run 2 11.6.7BLB2 Oil Flush Procedure for BL Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.8BSFC Measurement of BLB2 Oil Before Test Oil 11.6.9Percent Delta Calculation for BLB1 vs. BLB2 11.6.10Test Oil Flush Procedure 11.6.11Test Oil Aging, Phase I 11.6.12BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase I) Test Oi
28、l 11.6.13Test Oil Aging, Phase II 11.6.14BSFC Measurement of Aged (Phase II) Test Oil 11.6.15Oil Consumption and Sampling 11.6.16Flush Procedure for BL Oil (BLA) After Test Oil 11.6.17General Test Data Logging Forms 11.6.18Diagnostic Review Procedures 11.6.19Determination of Test Results 12Final Tes
29、t Report 13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15AnnexesASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Detailed Specifications
30、and Drawings of Apparatus Annex A5Oil Heater Bolton 255 Refill Procedure Annex A6Engine Part Number Listing Annex A7Safety Precautions Annex A8Sequence VIE Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviations Annex A10Determining the Oil Sump Full Leve
31、l and Consumption Annex A11Fuel Injection Evaluation Annex A12Pre-test Maintenance Checklist Annex A13Blow-by Ventilation System Requirements Annex A14Calculation of Test Results Annex A15Calculation of Un-weighted Baseline Shift Annex A16Non-Phased Cam Gear and Position Actuator Installation Annex
32、A17ProcedureProcurement of Test Materials Annex A18AppendixUseful Information Appendix X11.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and
33、 healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International
34、 Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.D8114 1832. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral S
35、pirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method for
36、Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for
37、 Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubri
38、cantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur
39、 in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects ofAutomotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition EngineD6894 Test Method for Eva
40、luation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive DieselEngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE191 Specification forApparatus For Microdetermination of Carbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-
41、Metallic CompoundsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 SAE Standards6J304 Engine Oil TestsJ1423 Classification of Energy-Conserving Engine Oil for Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks2.3 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and
42、 Certification System72.4 ANSI Standard:ANSI MC96.1-1975 Temperature MeasurementThermocouples83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, the mass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being induced into thecombustion chambers. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescrip
43、tive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines. D41753.1.3 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during op
44、eration. D41753.1.4 break-in, vin internal combustion engines, the running of a new engine under prescribed conditions to help stabilizeengine response and help remove initial friction characteristics associated with new engine parts. D68373.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a
45、 (e.g. thermometer, manometer, engine) device or a given enginewith respect to a standard. D41753.1.6 calibration oil, nan oil that is used to determine the indication or output of a measuring device or a given engine withrespect to a standard. D41755 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM webs
46、ite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.6 Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. This
47、 standard is not available separately. Order theSAE Handbook Vol 2 or the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Standards Manual HS-23.7 Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.8 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
48、25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D8114 1843.1.7 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts of an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3
49、.1.7.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation, and foaming are examples. D41753.1.8 fuel economy, nin internal combustion engines, the efficient use of gasoline.3.1.8.1 DiscussionDetermined by comparing the rate of fuel consumption of a test oil with that displayed by baseline oil. D68373.1.9 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D41753.1.10 non-reference oil, nany oil other than
