1、Designation: D8142 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Chemical Emissions from Spray PolyurethaneFoam (SPF) Insulation using Micro-Scale EnvironmentalTest Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to identify and to measure theemissions
3、 of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted fromsamples of cured spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulationusing micro-scale environmental test chambers combined withspecific air sampling and analytical methods for VOCs.1.2 Specimens prepared from product samples are main-tained at specified conditi
4、ons of temperature, humidity, airflowrate, and elapsed time in micro-scale chambers that aredescribed in Practice D7706. Air samples are collected peri-odically at the chamber exhaust at the flow rate of themicro-scale chambers.1.2.1 Samples for formaldehyde and other low-molecularweight carbonyl co
5、mpounds are collected on treated silica gelcartridges and are analyzed by high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) as described in Test Method D5197 andISO 16000-3.1.2.2 Samples for other VOCs are collected on multi-sorbent samplers and are analyzed by thermal-desorption gaschromatography / ma
6、ss spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) as de-scribed in U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17 and ISO16000-6.1.3 This test method is intended specifically for SPF insu-lation products. Compatible product types include twocomponent, high pressure and two-component, low pressureformulations of open-cell and closed-cel
7、l SPF insulation.1.4 VOCs that can be sampled and analyzed by this testmethod generally include organic blowing agents such as1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, formaldehyde and other carbo-nyl compounds, residual solvents, and some amine catalysts.Emissions of some organic flame retardants can be measur
8、edafter 24 h with this method, such as tris (chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP).1.5 This test method does not cover the sampling andanalysis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or otherisocyanates.1.6 Area-specific and mass-specific emission rates are quan-tified at the elapsed times and chamber
9、conditions as specifiedin 13.2 and 13.3 of this test method.1.7 This test method is used to identify emitted compoundsand to estimate their emission factors at specific times. Theemission factors are based on specified conditions, therefore,use of the data to predict emissions in other environments
10、maynot be appropriate and is beyond the scope of this test method.The results may not be representative of other test conditions orcomparable with other test methods.1.8 This test method is primarily intended for freshlyapplied, SPF insulation samples that are sprayed and packagedas described in Pra
11、ctice D7859. The measurement of emissionsduring spray application and within the first hour followingapplication is outside of the scope of this test method.1.9 This test method can also be used to measure theemissions from SPF insulation samples that are collected frombuilding sites where the insul
12、ation has already been applied.Potential uses of such measurements include investigations ofodor complaints after product application. However, the spe-cific details of odor investigations and other indoor air quality(IAQ) investigations are outside of the scope of this testmethod.1.10 The values st
13、ated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measure are used.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environment
14、al practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, G
15、uides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Pu
16、blished October 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D8142-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decisi
17、on on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD1622/D1622M Test
18、 Method for Apparent Density of RigidCellular PlasticsD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde andOther Carbonyl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Meth-odology)D5337 Practice
19、 for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sam-pling PumpsD6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions forMonitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in AirD7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissionsfrom Products Using Micro-Scale ChambersD7859
20、 Practice for Spraying, Sampling, Packaging, and TestSpecimen Preparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)Insulation for Testing of Emissions Using EnvironmentalChambers2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 16000-3 Indoor AirPart 3: Determination of Formal-dehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in IndoorAir andTest C
21、hamber AirActive Sampling MethodISO 16000-6 Indoor AirPart 6: Determination of VolatileOrganic Compounds in Indoor and Test Chamber Air byActive Sampling on Tenax TA Sorbent, ThermalDesorption, and Gas Chromatography Using MS or MS-FID2.3 Government Agency Methods:40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 Defin
22、ition and Procedurefor the Determination of the Method Detection Limit-Revision 1.114California Department of Public Health Standard Method forthe Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic ChemicalEmissions from Indoor Sources Using EnvironmentalChambers, CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V.1.2 (January201
23、7)U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17 Determination ofVolatile Organic Compounds inAmbientAir UsingActiveSampling Onto Sorbent Tubes, Compendium of Methodsfor the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds inAmbient Air, Second Edition (January 1999)5U.S. EPA Method 325B Volatile Organic Compounds fromFu
24、gitive and Area Sources: Sampler Preparation andAnalysis,Air Emission Measurement Center (EMC) (Sep-tember 29, 2015)53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions and terms commonly usedfor sampling and analysis of atmospheres, refer to TerminologyD1356. For definitions and terms commonly used when t
25、estingmaterials and products for VOC emissions, refer to GuideD5116. For definition of micro-scale test chamber, refer toPractice D7706.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 area specific flow rate, nthe ratio of the airflow rateinto the chamber in m3/h and the projected surface a
26、rea of thetest specimen exposed to air in m2with units of m/h.3.2.2 closed-cell SPF insulation, nSPF insulation thatcontains cells or voids that are not interconnected.3.2.2.1 DiscussionClosed-cell SPF insulation typicallyhas a density between 24 to 32 kg/m3when fully cured.3.2.3 open-cell SPF insul
27、ation, nSPF insulation that con-tains cells or voids that are largely interconnected.3.2.3.1 DiscussionOpen-cell SPF insulation typically hasa density between 6.4 to 9.6 kg/m3when fully cured.4. Principles4.1 Micro-scale test chambers are used for measuring emis-sions of VOCs including formaldehyde
28、and other carbonylcompounds from materials and products.4.2 Wall adsorption effects of reactive compounds andSVOCs are minimized by reducing the exposed inner surfaceof the chamber by fitting the SPF samples directly into themicro-scale chamber with minimal headspace. Passivatedtreatment of the inte
29、rior surfaces also contributes to reducedsorption effects.4.3 Micro-scale chambers are used for measuring area-specific emissions from the surface of SPF insulation ormass-specific emissions from the mass of the sample.5. Summary of Test Method5.1 A micro-scale chamber is used to measure VOC emis-si
30、ons from SPF insulation samples. A representative testspecimen is prepared from the sample and is placed directlyinto a micro-scale chamber. Air samples are collected from thechamber exhaust at specified elapsed times.5.2 Clean dry air is supplied to a micro-scale chamber andpasses over the exposed
31、surface of the test specimen beforereaching the exhaust port. The airflow rate and the temperaturewithin the micro-scale chamber are controlled. As the airpasses over the test specimen, emitted compounds are sweptaway from the samples surface.5.3 The standard temperature for the test method is 35 6
32、1C. Emission rates of organic compounds from buildingmaterials and sorption and desorption of organic compoundsfrom interior surfaces are sensitive to temperature. Operationof the micro-scale chamber at the specified temperature (above2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
33、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8,
34、 CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), WilliamJefferson C
35、linton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,http:/www.epa.gov.D8142 172ambient) enhances the emission rates of some compounds andmay improve the quantitative recovery of some less volatilecompounds.5.4 The area-specific flow rate specified for this test methodis 0.95 6 0.05 m/h. T
36、he maximum airflow rate for themicro-scale chamber shall not exceed 150 mL/min, and theairflow rate shall not exceed the maximum flow rate for thesampling media.5.5 Gas samples are collected onto media cartridges or tubesat the exhaust port of the micro-scale chamber at variouselapsed times througho
37、ut the test. The entire gas flow exitingthe chamber passes through the cartridge or tube. The samplingflow rate is equivalent to the airflow rate of the micro-scalechamber.5.5.1 Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds aresampled onto chemically treated cartridges (DNPH) and ana-lyzed as described
38、in Test Method D5197 and ISO 16000-3.The sampling flow rate may be less than specified in theanalytical methods.5.5.2 Emissions of other VOCs and SVOCs are collectedonto sorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption gaschromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) to identifyand quantify compou
39、nds as described in ISO 16000-6 (AnnexD) and U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17.6. Significance and Use6.1 SPF insulation is applied and formed onsite, whichcreates unique challenges for measuring product emissions.This test method provides a way to measure post-applicationchemical emissions from SPF
40、insulation.6.2 This test method can be used to identify compounds thatemit from SPF insulation products, and the emission factorsmay be used to compare emissions at the specified samplingtimes and test conditions.6.3 Emission data may be used in product development,manufacturing quality control and
41、comparison of field samples.6.4 This test method is used to determine chemical emis-sions from freshly applied SPF insulation samples. The utilityof this test method for investigation of odors in building scaleenvironments has not been demonstrated at this time.7. Apparatus7.1 General Description:7.
42、1.1 Micro-scale chambers are described in PracticeD7706. The micro-scale chamber test apparatus comprises oneor more micro-scale chambers, a means of controlling themicro-scale chamber(s) at 35 6 1 C, a regulated clean airsupply system and gas sampling capabilities.7.1.2 The micro-scale chamber suit
43、able for SPF insulationemissions testing is cylindrical in shape to accommodate anO-ring or gasket seal with an internal diameter of 6 to 10 cmand a depth of at least 3.5 cm. The chamber shall be capable ofachieving an area specific flow rate of 0.95 6 0.5 m/h at a flowrate not exceeding 150 mL/min.
44、 All of the air exiting thechamber outlet passes onto the sampling media cartridge ortube during sampling events.7.1.3 The prepared SPF insulation specimen must fit intothe chamber body such that the back surface and edges of thespecimen are not directly exposed to the stream of air. Anexample micro
45、-scale chamber to measure emissions of SPFinsulation is shown in Fig. X1.1.7.2 Construction:7.2.1 The micro-scale chamber body and associated lid shallbe constructed of polished stainless steel with an inert coatingby passivation using a process (typically patented) that diffusesamorphous silicon ma
46、terial into the surface of the stainlesssteel.7.2.2 The gasket or O-ring used to seal the lid to its bodyshall be low absorbing and low emitting at the operatingtemperature so it does not contribute significantly to back-ground VOC concentrations. Gaskets and O-rings composed offluoropolymer elastom
47、er are suitable for this application. Theapparatus shall facilitate disassembly for loading samples andfor cleaning.7.3 Temperature and Heating Requirements:7.3.1 Verify the interior temperature of each micro-scalechamber with a traceable device, for example with a NationalInstitute of Standards and
48、 Technology (NIST) traceable certifi-cate. The device used to measure temperature shall have anaccuracy of at least 61 C between 30 C and 40 C. Variousmicro-scale chamber designs may require different temperaturemeasuring devices or techniques.7.3.2 Measure the temperature of each individual micro-s
49、cale chamber prior to first use and within 90 days ofsubsequent use with the water-fill procedure below.7.3.2.1 Remove each micro-scale chamber from the systemand fill each micro-scale chamber with distilled or deionizedwater to between 50 % and 75 % of the chamber volume. Placethe water containing micro-scale chambers in the system andset the system to the prescribed test temperature of 35 C.Insert the temperature device through the sampling port so thatit is immersed in the water and the sensor does not touch thechamber walls or bottom of the chamber. The airflo
