1、Designation: D8152 18Standard Practice forMeasuring Field Infiltration Rate and Calculating FieldHydraulic Conductivity Using the Modified Philip DunneInfiltrometer Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for field measure-ment o
3、f the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water) into soilsusing the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer. The datafrom the field measurement is then used to calculate the fieldhydraulic conductivity. Soils should be regarded as naturaloccurring fine or coarse-grained soils or processed mate
4、rials ormixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or otherporous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are inaccordance with requirements of 5.1.1.2 This practice may be conducted at the ground surface orat given depths in pits, on bare soil or with vegetation in place,depending
5、on the conditions for which infiltration rates aredesired. However, this practice cannot be conducted where thetest surface is at or below the groundwater table, a perchedwater table, or the capillary fringe.1.3 This practice is for soils within a range of infiltrationrate range defined in 5.1, as l
6、ong as an adequate seal can bemade between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soil beingtested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be taken atshorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected todetermine the infiltration rate.1.4 The field measurement is a falling head test that can b
7、eperformed relatively quickly (30 to 60 minutes) in silty sand orclayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices.It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, tocharacterize the spatial variability of the infiltration ratethroughout the site.1.5 The field measurement c
8、an be used to measure theinfiltration rate, which can be used to calculate the fieldhydraulic conductivity. The field hydraulic conductivity can beused as an index to compare the suitability of soils for use inthe development of surface drainage applications (for example,rain gardens or stormwater f
9、ills).1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are to beincluded in this standard.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.8 The procedures u
10、sed to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data,
11、 special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods f
12、or engineering design.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory li
13、mitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organizat
14、ion TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
15、Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydrologicProperties and Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8152-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
16、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was
17、 developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2937 Test Me
18、thod for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD5879 Practice for Surface Site Characterization for On-SiteSeptic SystemsD5921 Practice
19、 for Subsurface Site Characterization of TestPits for On-Site Septic SystemsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6938 Test Methods for In-Place Density andWater Contentof Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (ShallowDepth)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For defin
20、itions of common technical terms used in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.1.2 gravimetric water content, nthe ratio of mass ofwater to mass of solid particles in a soil matrix.3.1.3 volumetric water content, nthe ratio of the volumeof water to volume of solid particles in a soil matrix.3.1.
21、4 infiltration, nthe downward entry of liquid into asoil layer.3.1.5 infiltration rate, na selected rate, based on measuredincremental infiltration velocities, at which liquid can enter thesoil under specified initial and boundary conditions; it has thedimensions of velocity.3.1.6 incremental infilt
22、ration rate, nthe quantity of flowper unit area over an increment of time; it has the same unitsas the infiltration rate.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 field hydraulic conductivity Kf,nthe rate of dis-charge of water under laminar flow conditions through a unitcross-section
23、al area of a porous medium under a unit hydraulicgradient.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The infiltration rate of the soil is measured using theMPD infiltrometer by measuring the change in water level overtime in a reservoir initially filled with 3.5 L of water. Aniterative solution to the Green-Ampt equ
24、ation is used tocalculate the field hydraulic conductivity and the matric suctionat the wetted front by matching the solution to the measuredwater level data.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice shall only be used on soils having infiltra-tion rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulic conduct
25、ivityof 6.9 10-7m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivityof 4.0 10-3m/s).5.2 This practice is useful for field measurement of theinfiltration rate and calculation of field hydraulic conductivityof soils. It was initially developed for stormwater treatmentapplications, and has been used to des
26、ign, verify the construc-tion of, and perform annual testing on surface drainageapplications such as rain gardens or storm water collectionsystems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation ofpotential septic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 andD5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, ir
27、rigationrequirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and waterspreading and recharge, among other applications. This test isnot intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfillliners, nuclear waste repositories, or the core of a dam.This testis also not intended for use in so
28、ils that experience changes involume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansivesoils.5.3 Field hydraulic conductivity can only be calculatedwhen the hydraulic boundary conditions are known, such ashydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water, orthese can be reliably estimate
29、d.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampl
30、ing/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.4 Amathematical analysis has been developed for this te
31、stthat follows the Green-Ampt analysis that assumes a relation-ship between the volumetric water content and the depth of thewetting front, in that volumetric water content profile at thewetting front is represented by a sharp transition between theinitial value in the ground and that of saturated s
32、oil, that is, theporosity (1), (2).5.5 Many factors affect the infiltration rate, for example thesoil structure, soil layering, condition of the soil surface,degree of saturation of the soil, chemical and physical nature ofthe soil and of the applied liquid, head of the applied liquid,temperature of
33、 the liquid, and diameter and depth of embed-ment of rings. Thus, tests made at the same site are not likelyto give identical results and the rate measured by the practicedescribed in this standard is primarily for comparative use.6. Test Method6.1 Scope6.1.1 This test method describes a procedure f
34、or fieldmeasurement of the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water)into soils using the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer.6.1.2 This test method may be conducted at the groundsurface or at given depths in pits, on bare soil or withvegetation in place, depending on the conditions for whi
35、chinfiltration rates are desired. However, this practice cannot beconducted where the test surface is at or below the groundwatertable, a perched water table, or the capillary fringe.6.1.3 This test method is for soils within a range ofinfiltration rate range defined in 5.1, as long as an adequate s
36、ealcan be made between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soilbeing tested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be takenat shorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected todetermine the infiltration rate.6.1.4 The test method is a falling head test that can beperformed relatively qu
37、ickly (30 to 60) minutes in silty sand orD8152 182clayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices.It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, tocharacterize the spatial variability of the infiltration ratethroughout the site.6.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units a
38、re to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are to beincluded in this standard.6.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform tothe guidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.6.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all thesafety co
39、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.6.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance w
40、ith internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides, and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.6.2 Referenced Documents6.2.1 ASTM Sta
41、ndards:D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2937 Test Method for Density in Place by the Drive-Cylinder MethodD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Te
42、st-ing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering De-sign and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical EngineeringD6938 Test Method for Density in Place by Nuclear Method6.3 Terminology6.3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technicalterms used in thi
43、s standard, refer to Terminology D653.6.3.1.1 gravimetric water content, nthe ratio of mass ofwater to mass of solid particles in a soil matrix.6.3.1.2 volumetric water content, nthe ratio of the volumeof water to volume of solid particles in a soil matrix.6.3.1.3 infiltration, nthe downward entry o
44、f liquid into asoil layer.6.3.1.4 infiltration rate, na selected rate, based on mea-sured incremental infiltration velocities, at which liquid canenter the soil under specified initial and boundary conditions; ithas the dimensions of velocity.6.3.1.5 incremental infiltration rate, nthe quantity of f
45、lowper unit area over an increment of time; it has the same unitsas the infiltration rate.6.4 Summary of Test Method6.4.1 The infiltration rate of the soil is measured using theMPD infiltrometer by measuring the change in water level overtime in a reservoir initially filled with 3.5 L of water.6.5 S
46、ignificance and Use6.5.1 This test method shall only be used on soils havinginfiltration rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulicconductivity of 6.9 10-7m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulicconductivity of 4.0 10-3m/s).6.5.2 This test method is useful for field measurement of theinfiltration rate.
47、 It was initially developed for stormwatertreatment applications, and has been used to design, verify theconstruction of, and perform annual testing on surface drainageapplications such as rain gardens or storm water collectionsystems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation ofpotential s
48、eptic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 andD5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, irrigationrequirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and waterspreading and recharge, among other applications. This test isnot intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfillliners, nucl
49、ear waste repositories, or the core of a dam.This testis also not intended for use in soils that experience changes involume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansivesoils.6.5.3 Many factors affect the infiltration rate, for examplethe soil structure, soil layering, condition of the soil surface,degree of saturation of the soil, chemical and physical nature ofthe soil and of the applied liquid, head of the applied liquid,temperature of the liquid, and diameter and depth of embed-ment of rings. Thus, tests made at the same site are not likelyto give
