1、Designation: D8159 18Standard Test Method forAutomated Extraction of Asphalt Binder from AsphaltMixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavementspecimens, us
3、ing the automated computer controller or human-machine interface system (HMI), to perform a solvent extrac-tion for specification acceptance, service evaluation, qualitycontrol, and research.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included i
4、n thisstandard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 An ILS is being conducted according to Practice E691and will be a
5、vailable on or before December 2018. Therefore,this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection ofa material for purchasing purposes.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
6、ard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on
7、 Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous PavingMixturesD1461 Test Method for Moisture
8、 or Volatile Distillates inAsphalt MixturesD1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solutionby Abson MethodD2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials inTrichloroethyleneD2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a MovingFilm of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)D3666 Specifi
9、cation for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD5404/D5404M Practice for Recovery of Asphalt from So-lution Using
10、 the Rotary EvaporatorD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD5546 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Binders inToluene by Centrifuge (Withdrawn 2017)3E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlabor
11、atory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 AASHTO Standard:4R47Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot MixAsphalt (HMA) to Testing Size3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The asphalt paving mixture is extracted using theautomated extraction equipment, using only the followingsolvent ty
12、pes: tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, or meth-ylene chloride. The asphalt binder content is calculated by thearithmetic difference between the mass of the moisture-freemixture and the mass of the extracted aggregate and mineralmatter. This test method is used for quantitative determination1Th
13、is test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 onAnalysis of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D8159-18.2For refer
14、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
15、www.astm.org.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta
16、tesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tr
17、ade (TBT) Committee.1of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures. The asphalt bindercontent is expressed as mass percent of moisture-free mixture(Pb).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used for quantitative determinationof asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures and asphalt pavementsamples for spec
18、ification acceptance, service evaluation,control, and research.4.2 Aggregates obtained by this method may be used forsieve analysis using Test Method D5444. Extracted asphaltbinder from this test method may be recovered using TestMethod D1856 or Practice D5404/D5404M.NOTE 1The quality of results pro
19、duced by this standard is dependenton the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and thecapability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agenciesthat meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally consideredcapable of competent and objective testing, sampling, in
20、spection, etc.Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with SpecificationD3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable resultsdepend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and
21、controlling some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Automated Extraction Unit, consisting of a fully auto-mated system with a process flow chart equivalent to the onereported in Fig. 1.5.1.1 The automated extraction system shall be composedof the following components:5.1.2 Washing Chamber (Fig. 1, #1)
22、Stainless steel wash-ing chamber fitted with an ultrasonic device, a heating system,a rotating washing drum, and a closing door with a safety lock.5.1.3 Inspection Window (Fig. 1, #3)Transparent window,allowing monitoring of the color of the solvent flowing fromthe washing chamber to the centrifuge.
23、5.1.4 Centrifuge (Fig. 1, #4)Stainless steel centrifugecasing with cover and safety lock. Internal centrifuge spindlecapable of accommodating a cup with appropriate geometryand rotating at a speed suitable to ensure the separationbetween mineral filler passing the designated drum mesh sieveand solve
24、nt consistent with Section 6. To remove mineral fillerfrom the cup after the centrifugation process, a special inlaypaper is required inside the cup prior to start of extraction.5.1.5 Solvent Pump (Fig. 1, #9)Capable of transferring thesolvent from the clean solvent tank to the washing chamber.5.1.6
25、 Condenser (Fig. 1, #6)Stainless steel tank withbuilt-in cooling coil for water cooling to condense solvent.5.1.7 Pump, Air or Vacuum (Fig. 1, #7)Solvent-resistantpump, able to circulate air and solvent vapors during the dryingcycle. The circulation of the air ensures that the solvent vaporsare extr
26、acted from the specimen and released in the condenser.5.1.8 Recovery ModuleComposed of two chambers andintegrated cooling system, capable of adequately recoveringsolvent from an asphalt mixture. One chamber shall serve as abinder and solvent solution storage chamber, and the otherserving as a clean
27、solvent storage and recovery chamber. Allchambers shall have the capability to allow transfer of solventthrough the extraction process.1. Washing chamber 6. Condenser 11. Extracted binder and solvent solution tank2. Washing chamber heating system 7. Vacuum or air pump 12. Distillation unit heating s
28、ystem for collection and partial solvent recovery3. Inspection window 8. Outlet valve 13. Clean solvent tank4. Centrifuge 9. Solvent pump 14. Human-machine interface (HMI)5. Centrifuge motor 10. Integrated cooling systemFIG. 1 Schematic Drawing of Automated Extraction UnitD8159 1825.1.8.1 Solvent Re
29、covery and Binder Storage Chamber,fitted with heating system to distill solvent, fill level indicatorsto prevent heating when chamber is empty, and an outlet tap.5.1.8.2 Clean Solvent Storage and Recovery Chamber, fittedwith integrated cooling system, fill level indicator, outlet tap,and mechanism t
30、o allow solvent distillate to flow or betransferred back to washing chamber.5.2 Washing Drum (Fig. 2)A stainless steel washing drumable to contain the specimen. The cylindrical wall is made ofmesh having an aperture of one of the following mesh sizes:0.063 mm, 0.075 mm, or 0.090 mm. The mesh shall b
31、e inter-changeable and resistant to wear and impacts from the aggre-gates during the test. The drum shall have a closing system(lid). The connection between the parts of the drum and theclosing lid will ensure the sealing with regards to fine particles.(Any aperture should be smaller than the mesh f
32、iltering grade.)NOTE 2Washing drum mesh aperture can be selected according toindividual user requirements for sieve size at which the mineral filler isseparated from the recovered aggregate.5.3 Centrifuge Cup (Fig. 3)A stainless steel cup to collectmineral filler. Centrifuge cup capacity is either 2
33、00 g or 300 g.NOTE 3Centrifuge cup geometry varies; refer to manufacturer forappropriate centrifuge cup specifications.5.4 Inlay paper for centrifuge cup shall meet the followingspecifications: weight: 40 g m2; pH neutral. Inlay paper sizespecifications are per manufacturer recommendation. See Note4
34、.NOTE 4Inlay paper suggested size: 383 by 205 mm. Other inlay papertypes and sizes may be applicable; check with manufacturer before use.5.5 Oven, capable of maintaining the temperature at 110 65 C.5.6 Pan, capable of containing the specimen for the heatingprocedure.5.7 Balance, readable to 0.1 g an
35、d capable of measuring themass of specimen and container. The balance shall conform tothe requirement of Guide D4753, Class GP2.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsUnless otherwise indicated, allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committeeon Analytical Reagents of the Ame
36、rican Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused if the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its usewithout reducing the efficiency of extraction or damaging theequipment. For certain solvents, stabilization agents may beadded to maintain required s
37、olvent quality based on manufac-turer recommendations.6.2 SolventOne of the following solvents shall be used.No other solvents are approved for use in this procedure.6.2.1 Tetrachloroethylene, reagent grade at initial filling.This solvent type must maintain solvent alkalinity above 7 ppmNaOH equival
38、ent and pH value above 7.2. The solventalkalinity and pH shall be verified once per week or at aninterval selected at the discretion of the user based on machineusage and material type, or per manufacturer recommenda-tions.6.2.2 Trichloroethylene, reagent grade at initial filling. Thissolvent type m
39、ust maintain solvent alkalinity above 7 ppmNaOH equivalent and pH value above 7.2. The solvent5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Stan
40、dards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.FIG. 2 Washing Drum with Lid, to be Filled with Asphalt Mixture Prior to Extraction (Fits into Washing Chamber in Fig. 1,#1
41、)FIG. 3 Centrifuge Cup with Inlay Paper, to Collect Mineral FillerDuring Extraction (Placed Empty with Inlay Paper Inserted Priorto Extraction into Centrifuge Chamber in Fig. 1, #4)D8159 183alkalinity and pH shall be verified once per week or at aninterval selected at the discretion of the user base
42、d on machineusage and material type, or per manufacturer recommenda-tions.NOTE 5Tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene, in the presence ofheat and moisture, may form acids that are extremely corrosive to certainmetals, particularly when subject to contact over lengthy periods of time.Proper preca
43、utions should be taken not to allow these solvents to fallbelow manufacturer-recommended alkalinity and pH levels. Followmanufacturer recommendations regarding solvent quality management.6.2.3 Methylene Chloride, reagent grade at initial filling.NOTE 6This solvent type does not require regular alkal
44、inity and pHverification.NOTE 7All local, state, and federal regulations must be followedwhen hauling, using, storing, and discarding extracted material andsolvent. These requirements include fire ordinances and wastewatertreatment regulations. The Safety Data Sheets (SDS) or Materials SafetyData Sh
45、eets (MSDS) for each solvent must be followed closely to avoidmisuse.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Obtain specimens in accordance with Practice D979/D979M.7.2 Preparation of Test Specimens:7.2.1 Separate specimen by hand spatula or trowel, thensplit and reduce specimen to required t
46、esting size in accordancewith AASHTO R 47. If specimen is not able to be separated orsplit, place specimen in a large, flat pan and warm to 110 65 C 230 6 9 F. Split or quarter the material until the massof material required for test is obtained, and determine themass of the specimen. The size of th
47、e test specimen shall begoverned by the nominal maximum aggregate size of themixture and shall conform to the mass requirement shown inTable 1.NOTE 8When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity ofthe equipment used (specifically, the capacity of the centrifuge cup is thelimiting factor fo
48、r sampling in this particular method), the test specimenmay be divided into suitable increments, tested, and the masses of eachincrement combined before calculating the asphalt binder content (Section9). The total estimated mineral filler content passing through the washingdrum mesh should not excee
49、d 200 g or 300 g, respective of centrifuge cupmodel used, in order to avoid overflowing into recovery plant.7.2.2 If the specimen was obtained from the field andcontains moisture, oven dry the HMA specimen to a constantmass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C or determine the moisturecontent of the specimen according to Test Method D1461,sothat the measured mass loss can be corrected for moisture.Constant mass is defined as less than 0.05 % loss in massbetween consecutive 15-min intervals.8. Procedure8.1 All necessary unit connections must be made in accor-dance
