1、Designation: D8202 18Standard Specification forHydraulically Applied 100% Wheat Straw Fiber Mulches1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition, physicalrequirements, manufacturing methods of hydraulically appliedwheat straw fiber m
3、ulches for revegetation, sediment anderosion control.1.2 The purpose of this specification is to provide a refer-ence for describing and specifying wheat straw fiber mulchmaterials for hydraulic applications.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard, except as note
4、d below. The values givenin parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, whichare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard. The sieve designations are identified using the“alternative” system in accordance with Practice E11, such as3-in. and No. 200, instead of the “stan
5、dard” of 75-mm and75-m, respectively.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in th
6、e standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users obje
7、ctives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.5 This standard does not purport to addres
8、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was develop
9、ed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docume
10、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD2976 Test Method for pH of Peat MaterialsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection
11、of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD7367 Test Method for Determining Water Holding Capac-ity of Fiber Mulches for Hydraulic PlantingD7560 Test Method for Determination of Fiber LengthPercentages in Hydraulic Er
12、osion Control Products(HECPs)E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.1.2 hydraulic erosion control product, (HECP), namanufactured, temporary, degra
13、dable, prepackaged fibrous ma-terial that is mixed with water and hydraulically applied as aslurry designed to reduce soil erosion and assist in theestablishment and growth of vegetation.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fiber mulch, nthe mulching medium used eitheralone, or w
14、ith additives, mixed with water in hydro-mulchingequipment, wetting rapidly with uniform dispersal to create ahomogeneous slurry.3.2.2 hydraulically applied, adjin erosion control, refersto the application method of a material using a water slurry,solution, or emulsion to the soil surface through va
15、rious means,such as nozzle application by hose, tower, and aerially.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25.01 on Mulches.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D820218C
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Intern
17、ational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The use of the listed test methods and parameters arerelated to the manufacturing and end use of the material, todetermine characteristics
18、 of products, and to make sure theproduct is fit for its intended use as a hydraulically appliedwheat straw fiber mulch.4.2 Wheat straw fiber mulches are manufactured fromannually renewable wheat straw supplied from agriculturalcrop production and generated by harvesting the wheat grain.This type of
19、 straw produces a uniform wheat straw fiber.4.3 Wheat straw fiber is not to be confused with hay or othergrain crops. Wheat straw is an agricultural by-product, the drystalks of cereal plants, after the grain and chaff have beenremoved for a consistent uniform fiber. Hay is defined as, orincludes, m
20、ixtures of grasses, such as, ryegrass, brome,legumes, alfalfa and clovers with various harvest dates andqualities and often contains seeds.4.4 Manufacturing Techniques:4.4.1 Hammer MilledThe processing of wheat straw fi-bers by hammering them against a screen with specific openingdiameter. It is int
21、ended to reduce the length of the particles toa size that facilitates mixing and hydraulic application withoutclogging the hydraulic machines pump, piping hoses or nozzletips.4.4.2 Atmospheric RefiningThe processing of the wheatstraw fibers at atmospheric pressure by mechanically shearingand compres
22、sing the fiber between two refiner plates toproduce a microscopically, rough and hairy appearance (Note1). The hairy fibers increase fiber entanglement. This processalso aids in killing viable seeds that may be in the wheat straw.NOTE 1Wheat straw fiber mulch can obtain a high quality productthrough
23、 the use of atmospheric refining.5. Physical Properties5.1 Table 1 presents requirements the wheat straw fibermulch must meet.TABLE 1 Wheat Straw Fiber Mulch RequirementsProperty Test Method RequirementAsh Content D2974 (Method D) #3%pH D2976 4.0 - 8.5Organic Matter D2974 (Method D) $95%Moisture Con
24、tent D2974 (Method A) #15%Fiber Length D7560 #20% retained on theNo.8 (0.0937 in.) sieveand #20% retained inthe pan by massWater Holding Capacity D7367 $800%6. Sampling and Test Specimens6.1 The sample to be used for evaluating the physicalproperties shall be obtained from a processed and packagedba
25、le of wheat straw fiber mulch that has no visible signs oftears or openings in the packaging. If the packaging of the baleis torn, do not use the bale for testing, as the moisture contentwill be affected.6.2 Cut open the bale and select 40 g from each the top,middle, and bottom13 of the bale for a t
26、otal of 120 g. Place thefibers in a large mixing bowl and gently break the compressedfibers apart with your thumb and fingers. Mix thoroughly andmake sure each of the test specimens are representative of thesample.6.3 Select four test specimens to be tested following thespecimen mass requirements gi
27、ven in the individual testmethods listed in Section 7.7. Test Methods7.1 Use one of the test specimens to determine the moistureand ash contents and organic matter following Test MethodsD2974. Record the moisture content to the nearest 1%, the ashcontent to the nearest 1%, and the organic matter to
28、the nearest1%.7.2 Use one test specimen for each to determine the:7.2.1 pH using Test Methods D2976. Record to the nearest0.1 pH unit.7.2.2 Fiber length using Test Method D7560. Record to thenearest 1%.7.2.3 Water holding capacity using Test Method D7367.Record to the nearest 10%.NOTE 2The quality o
29、f the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. U
30、sers of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.8. Rejection and Rehearing8.1 Material that fails to conform to the requiremen
31、ts of thisspecification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for rehearing.8.2 In the event a sample fails to conform to the require-ments of th
32、is specification, the manufacturer may test newbales of processed and packaged wheat straw fiber selected atrandom by the purchaser from the same lot. If the second set oftests also fails to conform to the requirements of thisspecification, the wheat straw fiber may be deemed unaccept-able and the e
33、ntire lot may be rejected by the purchaser.9. Certification9.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification stating samples rep-resenting each lot have been tested as indicated in thisspecification and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified i
34、n the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished. Test reports may be transmitted tothe purchaser by electronic services. The content of theelectronically transmitted document shall conform to anyexisting agreement between the purchaser and the seller.10. Keywords10.1
35、 fiber mulch; HECP; hydraulically applied; hydro-mulching; hydroseeding; sediment control; seeding erosioncontrol; tackifier; vegetation establishment; wheat straw fibermulchD8202 182ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite
36、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm
37、ittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a m
38、eeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
39、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 183
