1、Designation: D8203 18Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Horizontal Water Flow Rate of aGeosynthetic Screening Material, Product, or Device1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers test procedures for determiningthe horizontal water flow
3、rate through a geosynthetic orgeosynthetic-enhanced screening device, such as a sedimentretention device (SRD), under a constant-head pressure. Thetest is conducted with potable water.1.2 This test is intended to be used for quality control andproduct development efforts, but should not be considere
4、d aperformance test.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
5、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
6、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control
7、 Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5819 Guide for Selecting Test Methods for ExperimentalEvaluation of Geosynthetic Durability3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D4439.3.2 Definitions o
8、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 geosynthetic screening device, ngeosynthetic orgeosynthetic-enhanced materials, products, or devices thatprimarily provide the screening function, such as a sedimentretention device (SRD).3.2.2 screeninga geosynthetic, placed across the path of aflowing fluid
9、(ground water, surface water, wind), carryingparticles in suspension, provides screening when it retainssome or all fine soil particles while allowing the fluid to passthrough. After some period of time, particles accumulateagainst the screen, which requires that the screen be able towithstand press
10、ures generated by the accumulated particles andthe increasing pressure from accumulated fluid. (See GuideD5819.)3.2.3 sediment retention device (SRD), na material,product, or device designed to intercept sediment-laden flow,screening out suspended solids and reducing the velocity of theflow, causing
11、 transported sediments to settle out. Typical SRDsinclude silt fences, as well as natural or manmade materialsencapsulated in geosynthetic fabrics, meshes, or nettings suchas wattles, filter logs, fiber filtration tubes, fiber rolls, andcompost socks.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Atest specimen is po
12、sitioned vertically across the mouthof a “box” reservoir, and potable water is introduced upstreamand maintained at a predetermined constant head as the wateris allowed to seep through the specimen. Once a steady-stateflow condition is established, a discharge volume and theassociated time are measu
13、red.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method simulates the flow conditions (withoutsediment) applicable to sediment retention devices exposed tosheet-flow runoff. Horizontal flow rate is an inherent (index)property of sediment retention devices (SRDs), and can beused to control quality and to asse
14、ss the effects of productchanges.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-thetic Erosion Control.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018. DOI: 10.
15、1520/D8203-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
16、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
17、issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Apparatus6.1 Upper “Box” Reservoir, constructed from marine-gradeplywood, plexiglas, aluminum, or other material. The boxshould be watertight and constructed as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 1The box end opening is approxi
18、mately the size of a straw bale.A typical upper box reservoir is 122 cm (48 in.) wide by 244 cm (96 in.)long by 61 cm (24 in.) deep.6.2 Lower “Receiving” Reservoir, constructed from marine-grade plywood, plexiglas, aluminum, or other material. Theflume should be watertight and constructed as shown i
19、n Fig. 1.NOTE 2The lower receiving reservoir is much larger than the upperreservoir. A typical receiving reservoir is at least 122 cm (48 in.) wide by600 cm (20 ft) long by 122 cm (48 in.) deep. This size reservoir facilitatesa relatively stable water surface at a height that allows for ease ofmeasu
20、ring the depth of the collected volume.6.3 Water Recirculation System:6.3.1 Potable Water, also known as drinking water, contain-ing no flocculent agents or anything in suspension that couldalter the flow characteristics of the product(s) being tested.6.3.2 High-Capacity Gravity Flow or Pumping/Pipi
21、ngSystem, with sufficient capacity to maintain a constant headbehind the product(s) being tested. Recirculation of water fromthe lower reservoir to the upper reservoir may be used.6.4 “Floating” Calibrated Container, approximately 75 L(20 gal), plastic or nonmetallic.6.5 Stopwatch, for measuring the
22、 time associated with thecollected volume.6.6 Ruler, for measuring the depth of the collected volume.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDivide the product into lots and take thelot sample as directed in Practice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleCut off sufficient length of thesediment retention device to obtain the
23、 appropriate size of testspecimen. If holes or damaged areas are evident, then damagedmaterial should be discarded and additional material sampled.7.3 Test SpecimenCut the desired number of specimens tobe tested from the laboratory sample. Each test specimenshould be cut to fit the box end opening.8
24、. Procedure8.1 Test Setup and Installation of Sediment Retention De-vice:8.1.1 SRD InstallationThe sediment retention device(SRD) is installed across the open end of the upper box, usingany effective sealing material to seal the bottom and endsagainst the box bottom and walls. The SRD rests against
25、amesh on the downstream side that provides horizontal supportagainst deformation during testing.8.1.2 A “door” is placed across the downstream opening ofthe box to minimize box discharge during initial filling, whichpermits the water to penetrate and surround the SRD prior to itexperiencing seepage
26、forces.8.1.3 Clear water is then allowed to flow or pumped into theupstream side of the box at a rate necessary to raise the waterlevel to the desired level. As the water level approaches thedesired level, the door is removed and seepage through theSRD is allowed and balanced with increased flow/pum
27、pinginto the upstream side of the SRD until steady-state, constant-head flow is achieved. Testing shall be done at a minimum ofthree depths, such as approximately 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % ofthe SRDs maximum height.8.1.4 A schematic is shown in Fig. 2.8.2 Test Procedure:8.2.1 Once steady-state, constant-
28、head conditions areachieved, slide a floating calibrated container under the flowwhile starting a stopwatch.8.2.2 After allowing discharge collection between one-thirdand two-thirds of the depth of the tub, slide the tub back outfrom under the flow and stop the stopwatch.8.2.3 The collected volume i
29、s allowed to calm and the tub isheld in a level position while water depth measurements aremade in the tub. Depth and time measurements are recorded,and the discharge collection is repeated a total of five times.8.2.4 The water level behind the SRD is then adjusted andsteps 8.1.2, 8.1.3, and 8.2.1 8
30、.2.3 are repeated. Measurementsare taken at least three different upstream (constant) waterlevels for each specimen to enable a determination of a flowrate versus depth relationship for the product. Pictures of thetest procedure are shown in Appendix X1.9. Calculation9.1 Collected VolumeFrom the dep
31、th of the collected flow,derive the collected volume.9.2 Volumetric Flow RateFrom the collected volume andcollection time measurements, volumetric flow rate is calcu-lated.9.3 Volumetric Flow Rate per Unit Length and per UnitAreaVolumetric flow rate per length and per area are furthercalculated usin
32、g the box width and constant head water depth.This water depth is considered a conservative “effective”height for surface area calculations.10. Report10.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D8203, and describe the material or product sampledand the method of sampling used
33、.FIG. 1 Horizontal Flow Test ApparatusD8203 18210.2 Report the following for each laboratory sample:10.2.1 The volumetric flow, volumetric flow per unit length,and volumetric flow per unit area at each depth tested for eachmaterial tested.10.2.2 The volumetric flow versus depth equation for the“best
34、 fit” regression for each material tested.10.2.3 The flow at the maximum theoretical impoundmentdepth.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in this testmethod for measuring the horizontal flow rate of a verticalsediment retention device is being established.11.2 BiasThe
35、procedure in this test method for measuringthe horizontal flow rate of a vertical sediment retention devicehas no bias because the values of those properties can bedefined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 horizontal permeability; sediment control product;sediment retention deviceAPPEN
36、DIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE TEST PROCEDUREX1.1 Figs. X1.1-X1.5 show the typical setup and proce-dures used during testing and a typical data plot.FIG. 2 Schematic of Horizontal Flow TestFIG. X1.1 Typical Seepage CollectionD8203 183FIG. X1.2 Typical Volume MeasurementFIG. X1.3
37、 Maximum Constant HeadFIG. X1.4 Flow Associated with Maximum HeadD8203 184ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity
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40、eceived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies
41、) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ X1.5 Horizontal Flow Rate versus Head (Depth of Ponded Water)D8203 185
