1、Designation: D8210 18Standard Test Method forAutomatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity ofAutomatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, andLubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8210; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method automates the determ
3、ination of lowtemperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydrau-lic fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils,hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelec-trically temperature-controlled sample chamber along with aprogrammable rotational viscometer. Thi
4、s test method covers aviscosity range of 300 mPas to 900 000 mPas measured attemperatures from 40 C to 10 C.1.2 The precision data were determined at 40 C and26 C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPas to 255 840 mPas.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of mea
5、surement are included in thisstandard except those noted below.1.3.1 ExceptionThe test method uses the SI unit,milliPascal-second (mPas), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP =1 mPas).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
6、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izat
7、ion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liq
8、uidPetroleum ProductsD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Au-tomatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubri-cants using a Rotational ViscometerD5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oilsand Base Stocks Between 10 C and 35 C UsingCold-Cranking SimulatorD6708 Practi
9、ce for Statistical Assessment and Improvementof Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods thatPurport to Measure the Same Property of a MaterialD7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum ImmersionDepth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-ment DriftE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial
10、 Resistance Ther-mometersE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence oftesting and calibration laboratories3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 digital contact thermometer (DCT), nan electronicdevice consisting of a digital display a
11、nd associated tempera-ture sensing probe.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis device consists of a temperaturesensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrumentmeasures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,computes the temperature from the measured quantity, andprovides a digital output. This
12、 digital output goes to a digitaldisplay and/or recording device that may be internal or externalto the device. These devices are referred to as “digitalthermometers.”3.1.1.2 DiscussionPET is an acronym for portable elec-tronic thermometer, a subset of digital contact thermometers(DCT).1This test me
13、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published September 2018. DOI:10.1520/D8210-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
14、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York,
15、 NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principl
16、es for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 reference viscosity, nthe viscosity of Newtonianreference fluid whose values were
17、determined by the use of amaster viscometer at one or more temperatures.3.2.2 test chamber retaining ring, ncone-shaped collarthat secures the sample tube in the test chamber.3.2.3 viscometer retaining ring, nthe collar that holds theviscometer in position on the viscometer tray.3.2.4 viscometer tra
18、y, nthe support platform on which theviscometer is mounted.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 20 mL sample of the test fluid is heated to 50 C andheld there for 30 min before cooling it to room temperature.This is followed by cooling in a prescribed manner that mimicsa sample cooling in an air bath to t
19、he test temperature, whichfollows Newtons Cooling Law. This thermal conditioning isconsistent with that described in the Annex of Test MethodD2983. The equation with the constants used are noted inAnnex A1. The sample is cooled to test temperature in 1.7 h,then held there for 14 h before the viscosi
20、ty is measured witha specific insulated spindle at specific series of shear rates(rotational speeds). When the viscosity measurements arecomplete, the sample chamber is returned to room temperature.4.2 This test method includes an abbreviated thermal con-ditioning program, Option B, which is based o
21、n the referencein the 1987 and earlier versions of Test Method D2983. Thisabbreviated program reduces to 4 h the time the sample is heldat test temperature before beginning viscosity measurement.Since the time at test temperature is less for this option, themeasured viscosity may be lower than the n
22、ormal length test,Option A, noted in 4.1.4.3 From the beginning of a test until viscosity measure-ments are complete, the digital viscometer records elapsedtime, and sample temperature then during viscosity measure-ment it records, spindle speed, torque, and viscosity at 10 sintervals for 180 s at e
23、ach speed. At the end of test, a summaryof the viscosity data is displayed by the viscometer. For eachspindle speed, the summary contains an average viscosity forthe first 160 s and an average of 160 s to 180 s, which is the testresult. The test data can be printed or saved to a CSV(comma-separated
24、values) file, which provides a record to boththe thermal conditioning and viscosity measurements.4.4 In recognition of the fact that some samples comedirectly from the process line at temperatures near the preheattemperature of 50 C, Appendix X1 lists the program criterianeeded for either the full-l
25、ength test (OptionA) without preheator the abbreviated test (Option B) without preheat.5. Significance and Use5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of auto-matic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids,power steering fluids, and hydraulic oils are of considerableimporta
26、nce to the proper operation of many mechanical de-vices. Low-temperature viscosity limits of these fluids areoften specified to ensure their suitability for use and are citedin many specifications.5.2 The manual test method, Test Method D2983, wasdeveloped to determine whether an automatic transmiss
27、ionfluid (ATF) would meet low-temperature performance criterionoriginally defined using a particular model viscometer.4Theviscosity range covered in the original ATF performancecorrelation studies was from less than 1000 mPas to more than60 000 mPas. The success of the ATF correlation and thedevelop
28、ment of this test method has over time been applied toother fluids and lubricants such as gear oils, hydraulic fluids,and so forth.5.3 The viscosity determined by this test method usingoption A was found to be statistically indistinguishable fromTest Method D2983 16 measurements based on the ILS dat
29、ato establish this test methods precision.5.4 Due to the shorter time at test temperature, results fromthe abbreviated thermal conditioning (Option B) may differfrom results obtained with the 14 h soak at test temperature(Option A). For the samples used in developing this testmethod, results obtaine
30、d with the abbreviated procedure (Op-tion B) tended to be less than 14 h soak (Option A). Thisdifference seemed to be larger for products that contained highwax base stock.6. Apparatus6.1 Thermal Conditioning Unit (TCU) and ViscometerSupport5The TCU provides an upper mechanism to hold andposition th
31、e viscometer described in 6.2 over the samplechamber with its spindle centered on the sample chamber. Thelower element of the unit contains a thermo-electric tempera-ture controlled chamber that holds the sample tube. Tempera-ture control is by means of a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) progr
32、ammable controller capable of at least 0.1 Ccontrol over a range from 45 C to +90 C. The time andtemperature requirements for each test temperature are inAnnex A1.6.2 Rotational Viscometer6A digital rotational viscometerwith selectable spindle speeds and a maximum torque between0.0670 mNm and 0.1800
33、 mNm. The selection of spindlespeeds is at least 0.6 r/min, 1.5 r min, 3.0 r min, 6.0 r min,12.0 r min, 30.0 r min, 60.0 r min, and 120 r min. It shall havean integrated RTD sensor with a calibrated range from 45 Cto +90 C with a resolution of 0.1 C or less. It shall be capableof automatically initi
34、ating the viscosity measurement after aspecified elapsed test time, at multiple spindle speeds with each4Selby, T. W., “Automatic Transmission Fluid Viscosity at Low-Temperaturesand Its Effect on Transmission Performance,” Transactions, Society of AutomotiveEngineers, Vol. 68, 1960, pp. 457465.5The
35、sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is CannonInstrument Company, 2143 High Tech Road, State College, PA 16803, www.can-. TESC is a registered trademark of Cannon Instrument Com-pany. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International
36、 Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is AMTEKBrookfield, 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346, www.brookfieldengineer-. Brookfield i
37、s a registered trademark of AMETEK Brookfield. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D8210 182for a speci
38、fic duration. It shall record elapsed time,temperature, spindle speed, torque, and viscosity throughout atest consistent with data collection parameters in Annex A2.Asummary of the measured viscosity, torque, and spindle speedwill be displayed at test completion with an option to print orsave.6.3 Vi
39、scometer SpindleInsulated viscometer spindle con-forming to the following dimensions (Fig. 1): A 115 mm, B 3.15 mm, C = 3.15 mm 6 0.03 mm, D = 31.1 mm 6 0.1 mmand made from stainless steel.As shown in Fig. 1, the insulatedspindle shall have a gap of 4 mm in the upper segment whichis covered by a mat
40、erial with poor thermal conduction andpinned to both the upper and lower portions of the uppersegment. The gap is to be placed at approximately themid-point of upper segment. The narrow middle segment shallbe 9.5 mm in length and 1.8 mm in diameter. In the center ofthe middle segment will be a narro
41、w band that is centered inthe segment and 35.6 mm 6 0.5 mm from the bottom of thespindle.6.3.1 Periodically (depending on use, but at least every 3months) inspect spindle for run-out (wobble) when attached tothe viscometer. The total run-out of the spindle shall not exceed1mm(0mm6 0.5 mm).6.4 Sample
42、 TubeA standard laboratory test tube of ap-proximately 25 mm OD and 150 mm in length, preferablywithout a lip, preferably disposable.6.5 ThermometerA digital contact thermometer meetingthe criteria in Table 1.6.6 Thermometer HolderA sample tube stopper with lowthermal conductivity to hold the DCT pr
43、obe at the correctdistance from the top of the sample tube. The stopper consistsof two segments. The lower segment is 32 mm 6 2mminlength and 21 mm 6 2 mm OD. The upper segment is 30 mm6 2 mm OD and greater than 6 mm in length. The stopper shallinclude a means of holding the DCT probe at the correct
44、distance from the top of the sample tube. A hole 3 mmdiameter will pass through both segments. See Fig. 2.6.7 Probe SheathA tube with low thermal conductivity,such as styrene, 3 mm OD with a 1.8 mm ID that covers theDCT probe below the top of the thermometer holder to 62 mmfrom tip of DCT probe.7. C
45、ertified Viscosity Reference Standards7.1 Sample Temperature Calibration FluidA Newtonianfluid that is free of petroleum waxes and has a viscositycertified by a laboratory that has been shown to meet therequirements of ISO 17025 by independent assessment.FIG. 1 Insulated SpindleTABLE 1 Digital Conta
46、ct Thermometer CriteriaParameter CriteriaNominal Temperature RangeA60 C to 60 CDisplay resolution 0.1 C minimumAccuracyB0.1 C minimumSensor type PRTSensor sheathC1.7 mm OD maximumSensor length,Dmaximum 20 mm probeImmersion depth by D7962ELess than 40 mmMeasurement DriftFLess than 0.1 CResponse timeG
47、Less than or equal to 4 sCalibration error Less than 500 mK (0.5 C) over therange of intended use.Temperature cCalibration data,minimumFour data points evenly distributedover the calibration range that isconsistent with the range of use.The calibration data is to be in-cluded in calibration report.T
48、emperature calibration report From a calibration laboratory withdemonstrated competency in tem-perature calibration which is trace-able to a national calibration labora-tory or metrology standards body.AA devices minimum and maximum temperature may be different than the valuesshown provided the cali
49、bration requirements are met.BAccuracy is the combined accuracy of the DCT unit that is the display and sensorwithout correction factors. The minimum accuracy criteria match Guide E2877Class D.CSensor sheath is the tube that holds the sensing element. The value is theoutside diameter of the sheath segment containing the sensing element.DThe physical length of the temperature sensing element. Contact the DCTsupplier to determine whether this parameter is met, as it will not be accessib
