1、Designation: E100 15aE100 17Standard Specification forASTM Hydrometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation sy
3、stems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods inwhich they are used.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the app
4、licability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the
5、World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger
6、 Papers for Permanent Records (Withdrawn 2010)3E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM HydrometersE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometr
7、yE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:ISO 1768:1975 Glass HydrometersConventional Value for the Thermal Cubic Expansion Coefficient (for Use in thePreparation of Measurement Tables f
8、or Liquids)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in Terminology E344 apply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ledger paper, na paper characterized by strength, high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink receptivity,uniformity of surface, and smoot
9、hness.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOriginally, ledger paper was used especially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface sized, frequently subjectedto appreciable wear, and shall have a high degree of permanence and durability.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20
10、on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 onLiquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015May 1, 2017. Published January 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asE100 15.E100 15a.
11、DOI: 10.1520/E0100-15A.10.1520/E0100-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved ver
12、sion of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all c
13、hanges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
14、 United States13.2.2 length of the scale, nlength of the nominal range in the stem, not including graduations extending above and below thenominal limits.3.2.3 relative density (formerly specific gravity), nratio of the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature tothe mass of an equa
15、l volume of gas-free distilled water at the same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures shall beexplicitly stated.3.2.3.1 DiscussionCommon reference temperatures include 60F/60F, 20C/20C, 20C/4C. The historic term specific gravity may still be found.3.2.3.2 DiscussionThe reference tem
16、peratures for ASTM hydrometers and thermohydrometers are found in Table 1 under the heading “standardtemperature”.3.2.4 specific gravity, nan historic term, replaced by relative density.3.2.4.1 Discussionhydrometers manufactured to this standard may be marked sp. gr., rel. density, or with both desi
17、gnations. The two terms are bothequally acceptable in this standard and are used interchangeably.3.2.5 thermohydrometer, nglass hydrometer having an integral thermometer.3.2.6 top of the hydrometer, ntop of the finished instrument.3.2.7 total length, noverall length of the finished instrument.4. Spe
18、cifications4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed specifications in TableTable 1 1 and to the general requirementsspecified in Sections 5 15.4.2 Hydrometers shall be subjected to the initial calibration criteria found in Section 14, the inspection criteria found in Section16, and t
19、he standardization calibration and verification criteria found in Section 17.4.3 Hydrometers manufactured to previous revisions of this specification shall retain the same ASTM status as those meetingcurrent specifications.4.4 At the time of purchase, scale errors shall be within the maximum scale e
20、rror found in Table 1Table 1NOTE 1CautionUsers should be aware that both temperature and density indications of thermohydrometers may change with rough handling,shock, exposure to aggressive liquids, and thermal cycling, among other factors. Consequently, test results and performance obtained at the
21、 time ofmanufacture may not necessarily apply throughout an extended period of use. Periodic calibration or verification of these instruments, in accordance withprocedures set forth in Test Method E126 (for the hydrometer), or Test Method E77 (for the integral thermometer), is recommended5. Type5.1
22、Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for thescale, ballast, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers.5.2 The outer surface of the stem and body shall be symmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no uneven
23、or unnecessarythickening of the walls, and no abrupt changes or constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend to trap air bubbles whenthe instrument is immersed.5.3 The hydrometer shall always float with its axis vertical in liquids for which it is intended.5.4 The hydrometer shall be th
24、oroughly dry on the inside when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly rounded withoutunnecessary thickening.5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free of bubbles, cracks, strain patterns, or other imperfections that might interferewith the use of the hydrometer. The glass shall adequ
25、ately resist the reaction of chemical agents to which hydrometers may beexposed and shall have suitable thermal properties to permit its use over the range of temperatures to which it may be subjected.In general, glasses suitable for constructing the bulbs of thermometers are satisfactory for hydrom
26、eters.5.6 These hydrometers and thermohydrometers shall be fabricated from soda-lime glass tubing having a thermal cubicalexpansion coefficient of (25 +/- 2) x 10-6 per C.NOTE 2The value of the thermal cubical expansion coefficient given above is consistent with the conventional value given in ISO 1
27、768:1975.E100 172TABLE 1 Specifications for ASTM HydrometersAPI Gravity Hydrometers Relative Density(Specific Gravity)HydrometersRelative Density(Specific Gravity)HydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids ofSimilar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)For General UseASTMHydrometerNo.Nomin
28、alAPI GravityRange, degASTMHydrometerNo.NominalRel. Density(Sp. Gr.)RangeASTMHydrometerNo.NominalRel. Density(Sp. Gr.)Range1H-62 1 to + 11 82H-62 0.650 to 0.700 For AlcoholsA2H-62 9 to 21 83H-62 0.700 to 0.750 98H-62 0.950 to 1.0003H-62 19 to 31 84H-61 0.750 to 0.800 For Heavy LiquidsA4H-62 29 to 41
29、 85H-62 0.800 to 0.850 111H-62 1.000 to 1.0505H-62 39 to 51 86H-62 0.850 to 0.900 112H-62 1.050 to 1.1006H-62 49 to 61 87H-62 0.900 to 0.950 113H-62 1.100 to 1.1507H-62 59 to 71 88H-62 0.950 to 1.000 114H-62 1.150 to 1.2008H-62 69 to 81 89H-62 1.000 to 1.050 115H-62 1.200 to 1.2509H-62 79 to 91 90H-
30、62 1.050 to 1.100 116H-62 1.250 to 1.30010H-62 89 to 101 117H-62 1.300 to 1.35011H-03 37 to 49 118H-62 1.350 to 1.40012H-03 64 to 76 119H-62 1.400 to 1.450120H-62 1.450 to 1.500Standard temperature, F 60 60/60 60/60Subdivisions 0.1 API 0.0005 0.0005Intermediate lines at 0.5 API 0.001 0.001Main (numb
31、ered) lines at 1.0 API 0.005 0.005Scale error at any point not to exceed 0.1 API 0.0005 0.0005Total length, mmLength of nominal scale, mm325 to 335125 to 145325 to 335125 to 145325 to 335125 to 145Scale extension beyond nominal rangelimits, max0.2 0.0025 0.0025Body diameter, mmStem diameter min, mm2
32、3 to 274.023 to 275.023 to 274.0API Gravity HydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)ASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, degASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, deg21H-62 0 to 6 31H-62 50 to 5622H-62 5 to 11 32H-62 55 to
33、6123H-62 10 to 16 33H-62 60 to 6624H-62 15 to 21 34H-62 65 to 7125H-62 20 to 26 35H-62 70 to 7626H-62 25 to 31 36H-62 75 to 8127H-62 30 to 36 37H-62 80 to 8628H-62 35 to 41 38H-62 85 to 9129H-62 40 to 46 39H-62 90 to 9630H-62 45 to 51 40H-62 95 to 101Standard temperature, F 60Subdivision, API 0.1Int
34、ermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.2Total length, mmLength of nominal scale, mm158 to 16848 to 61Scale extension beyond nominal range limits, max 0.2 APIBody diameter, mmStem diameter min, mm12 to 152.5API Gravity Thermohydromete
35、rsFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API Gravity Range, deg41H-66 15 to 2342H-66 22 to 3043H-66 29 to 3744H-66 36 to 4445H-66 43 to 51HydrometerTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18
36、to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleE100 173Standard temperature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.1Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, FB 0 to 150 Designation L3
37、0 to 180 Designation M60 to 220 Designation HImmersion totalSubdivisions, F 2Intermediate lines at, F 10Main (numbered) lines at, F 20Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110API Gravity ThermohydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions
38、 (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in Body Thermometer Scale in StemASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, deg ASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal API GravityRange, deg51H-62 1 to + 11 71H-62 1 to + 1152H-62 9 to 21 72H-62 9 to 2153H-62 19 to 31 73H-62 19 to 3154H-62 29 to 41 74H-62 29 to 4155H-
39、62 39 to 5156H-62 49 to 6157H-62 59 to 7158H-62 69 to 8159H-62 79 to 9160H-62 89 to 101HydrometerTotal length, mm 374 to 387 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25 23 to 27Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0 6.0Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (n
40、umbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.1Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, FC 0 to 150 Designation L30 to 180 Designation M60 to 220 Designation H30 to 220Immersion total totalSubdivisions, F 2 2Intermediate lines at, F 10 10Main (numbered)
41、 lines at, F 20 20Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 1 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110 105 to 145Relative Density (Specific Gravity) ThermohydrometerFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar SurfaceTensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal Rel. D
42、ensity (Sp. Gr.)Range101H-03 0.500 to 0.650HydrometerTotal length, mm 354 to 387Body diameter, mm 19 to 22Stem diameter min, mm 10.5Working pressure min, psi 200Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60/60Subdivisions 0.001Intermediate lines at 0.005Main (numbered) lines at 0.010Scale error at any
43、point not to exceed 0.001Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, F 30 to 90Immersion totalE100 174Subdivisions, F 1Intermediate lines at, F 5Main (numbered) lines at, F 10Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 0.5Scale length, mm 50 to 70Relative Density (Specific Gravity) H
44、ydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of SimilarSurface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less) For General UseASTMHydrometer No.NominalRel. Density(Sp. Gr.) RangeASTMHydrometer No.NominalRel. Density(Sp. Gr.) Range102H-62 0.650 to 0.700 125H-62 1.000 to 1.050103H-62 0.700 to 0.750 126H-62 1.050
45、 to 1.100104H-62 0.750 to 0.800 127H-62 1.100 to 1.150105H-62 0.800 to 0.850 128H-62 1.150 to 1.200106H-62 0.850 to 0.900 129H-62 1.200 to 1.250107H-62 0.900 to 0.950 130H-62 1.250 to 1.300108H-62 0.950 to 1.000 131H-62 1.300 to 1.350132H-62 1.350 to 1.400133H-62 1.400 to 1.450134H-62 1.450 to 1.500
46、135H-62 1.500 to 1.550136H-62 1.550 to 1.600137H-62 1.600 to 1.650138H-62 1.650 to 1.700139H-62 1.700 to 1.750140H-62 1.750 to 1.800141H-62 1.800 to 1.850Standard temperature, F 60/60Subdivisions 0.001Intermediate lines at 0.005Main (numbered) lines at 0.010Scale error at any point not to exceed 0.0
47、01Total length, mm 250 to 270Length of nominal scale, mm 70 to 85Scale extension beyond nominalrange limits, max0.005Body diameter, mm 20 to 24Stem diameter min, mm 4.0Soil Hydrometers (55 dynes/cm or less)ASTM HydrometerNo.NominalRel. Density(Sp. Gr.) RangeASTM Hydrometer No. Nominal Range151H-05 0
48、.995 to 1.038sp gr 152H-05 5 to + 60 g/LStandard temperature, F 68/68 68/68Divisions 0.001 sp gr 1 g/LIntermediate lines at 0.005 sp gr 5 g/LMain (numbered) lines at 0.010 sp gr 10 g/LScale error at any point not to exceed 0.001 sp gr 1 g/LLength of nominal scale See Fig. 2 See Fig. 2Total length, m
49、m 278 to 282 278 to 282Body diameter See Fig. 2 See Fig. 2Stem diameter See Fig. 2 See Fig. 2Pounds Per Gallon HydrometersFor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)ASTM Number Nominal Range,lb/gal293H-68 5.83 to 6.24294H-68 6.24 to 6.66295H-68 6.66 to 7.08296H-68 7.08 to 7.50297H-68 7.50 to 7.91298H-68 7.91 to 8.33Standard temperature, F 60FSubdivisions 0.005Intermediate lines at 0.01Main (numbered) lines at 0.05Scale error at any point not to exceed 0.005
