1、Designation: E 102/E 102M 93 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forSaybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at HighTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 102/E 102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures fordetermining the Saybolt Furol vis
3、cosities of bituminous mate-rials at specified temperatures between 120 and 240C (248and 464F.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used indep
4、endently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
5、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsE1
6、 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth andTest Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Furolan acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscositythe corrected efflux time inseconds of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibr
7、ated Furolorifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value isreported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at aspecified temperature.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowingthrough a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefullycontrolled con
8、ditions. The time is corrected by an orifice factorand reported as the viscosity of the sample at that temperature.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certainbituminous materials, as one element in establishing unifor-mity of shipments and sources of supply.5.2 Th
9、is test method is an extension of Test Method D88.6. Apparatus6.1 Saybolt Furol Viscometer and Bath, as shown anddescribed in Test Method D88, Fig. 1 and Annex 1. Anexternal heater may also be used, but if so, it shall be more than51 mm 2 in. from the viscometer. An aluminum-block,constant-temperatu
10、re bath is also acceptable, and no stirringdevice is required with this type of bath.6.2 Displacement Ring, as shown in Fig. 1, constructed ofthe same corrosion-resistant metal as the viscometer.6.3 CoverA metal cover for the viscometer, cylindricalwith a flat top, approximately 57 mm 214 in. in dia
11、meter and7mm14 in. deep (Note 1). One hole slightly larger than thediameter of a viscosity thermometer shall be drilled in thecenter of the cover, and two smaller holes to permit the verticalrods of the displacement ring to pass through the cover.NOTE 1The cover of a 90-mL 3-oz Gill-style ointment b
12、ox fulfillsthese requirements.6.4 Thermometer Support, as shown in Test Method D88,Fig. 3.6.5 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers, as listed in Table 1, forreading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shallconform to the requirements listed in Specification E1for thatASTM Thermometer Number.6.
13、6 Bath ThermometersSaybolt Viscosity thermometers,or any other temperature-indicating means of equivalent accu-racy.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 onSolvent-Bearing Bituminous Compou
14、nds for Roofing and Waterproofing.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 102 93 (2003)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
15、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.7 Sieve, 850-m No. 20, conforming to the requirementsof Specifi
16、cation E11.6.8 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D88, Fig. 5.6.9 Timer, graduated in fifths or tenths of a second, andaccurate to within 0.1 % when tested over a 60-min interval.Electric timers are acceptable if operated on a controlledfrequency circuit.6.10 Hot Plate, electric, approximately
17、 200 mm 8 in. indiameter, with a three-heat switch, rated at 1200 W at the highheat setting and 500 to 600 W at the medium heat setting.7. Sampling7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D 140.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with xylene, removeall solvent f
18、rom the viscometer and its gallery, and dry well.Clean the displacement ring and receiving flask in the samemanner. Xylene is a toxic and flammable solvent; all workingareas shall be efficiently hooded and kept free of sparks andopen flames. If the viscometer is hot, vaporization of xylenecan be red
19、uced by filling the tube rapidly and immediatelyallowing it to flow out through the orifice. A wooden toothpickmay be useful in cleaning the orifice.NOTE 2The viscometer may be kept clean by filling with cylinder oilimmediately after each test and allowing the oil to remain in theviscometer for seve
20、ral minutes before draining and cleaning with xyleneas described above. If desired, the viscometer may be kept filled withcylinder oil between runs, draining and cleaning with xylene just beforeeach test.8.2 Set up the viscometer and bath in an area where theywill not be exposed to drafts or rapid c
21、hanges in air tempera-ture, and dust or vapors that might contaminate a sample.8.3 Place the receiving flask beneath the viscometer so thatthe graduation mark on the flask is from 100 to 130 mm 4 to5 in. below the bottom of the viscometer tube, and so that thestream of liquid will just touch the nec
22、k of the flask.8.4 Fill the bath to at least 6 mm 14 in. above the overflowrim of the viscometer with an appropriate bath medium for theselected test temperature:8.4.1 Use SAE 40 grade oil for test temperatures up to149C 300F.8.4.2 For temperatures above 149C 300F, use a cylinderoil having a viscosi
23、ty of approximately 175 to 185 SUS at98.9C 210F, and a minimum flash point of 300C 572Fwhen tested in accordance with Test Method D92.8.4.3 Change the bath medium periodically, and clean theoutside walls of the tubes to remove any carbon deposits.8.5 Provide adequate stirring and thermal control for
24、 thebath so that the temperature of a test sample in the viscometerwill not vary more than 0.3C 0.5F after reaching theselected test temperature.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Calibrate the Saybolt Furol viscometer at periodic inter-vals in accordance with Test Method D88, Section 9, andcalcu
25、late the correction factor for the viscometer.9.2 Do not use viscometers or orifices requiring correctionsgreater than 61%.10. Procedure10.1 Establish and control the bath temperature at theselected test temperature.10.1.1 Standard test temperatures for measuring SayboltFurol viscosities of bitumino
26、us materials are 121, 135, 149,163, 177, 204, and 232C 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 400, and450F.10.2 Insert a cork stopper, having a cord attached for itseasy removal, into the air chamber at the bottom of theviscometer. The cork shall fit tightly enough to prevent theescape of air, as evidenced by the
27、 absence of oil on the corkwhen it is withdrawn later as described.10.3 Place the displacement ring in the gallery of theviscometer.(Material: Corrosion-resistant metal.)FIG. 1 Displacement RingTABLE 1 ASTM Saybolt Viscosity ThermometersStandard TestTemperature,C FASTM Ther-mometerNumberAThermometer
28、Range, FSubdivi-sions, F121 250 77F 245 to 265 0.5135 275 108F 270 to 290 0.5149 300 78F 295 to 315 0.5163 325 109F 320 to 340 0.5177 350 79F 345 to 365 0.5204 400 80F 395 to 415 0.5232 450 81F 445 to 465 0.5AComparable thermometers calibrated in C are not available.E 102/E 102M 93 (2009)210.4 Prehe
29、at a 0.5-kg 1-lb sample in a 500-mL 16-ozseamless tin box of the deep type on the electric hot plate toabout 10 to 15C 18 to 27F above the selected testtemperature.10.4.1 Use the medium-temperature setting on the hot platefor the first half hour, and the high-temperature setting for theremainder of
30、the heating period. Avoid overheating initiallybecause this might cause some oxidation of the sample andalter its viscosity.10.4.2 Stir the sample occasionally during the early stagesof heating, but employ continuous stirring for the last 28C50F.10.4.3 Complete the preheating in2horless, and proceed
31、immediately with the viscosity determination. Reheating ofany sample shall not be permitted.10.5 Preheat the 850-m No. 20 sieve to the selected testtemperature, and pour the heated sample through the sievedirectly into the viscometer until the level is just above theoverflow rim.NOTE 3Just enough sa
32、mple should overflow so that later removal ofthe displacement ring will cause the excess to flow into the gallery withoutcompletely filling it.10.6 Place the cover on the viscometer over the displace-ment ring, and insert the appropriate viscosity thermometerequipped with the thermometer support thr
33、ough the hole in thecenter of the cover.10.7 Stir the sample in the viscometer continuously with thethermometer, using a circular motion at 30 to 50 rpm in ahorizontal plane to avoid whipping air into the sample. Takecare to avoid striking the orifice.10.8 When the sample temperature remains constan
34、t within0.3C 0.5F of the test temperature during 1 min of continu-ous stirring, withdraw the thermometer and remove the coverfrom the viscometer. Immediately remove the displacementring, check to be sure that the excess sample in the gallery isbelow the level of the overflow rim, and replace the cov
35、er onthe viscometer.10.9 Check to be sure that the receiving flask is in properposition; then snap the cork from the viscometer using theattached cord, and start the timer at the same instant. Theelapsed time from filling the viscometer to snapping the corkshall not exceed 15 min.10.10 Stop the time
36、r the instant the sample reaches thegraduation mark on the receiving flask. Record the efflux timein seconds to the nearest 0.1 or 0.2 s.11. Calculation and Report11.1 Multiply the efflux time by the correction factor for theviscometer determined in 9.1.11.2 Report the corrected efflux time as the S
37、aybolt Furolviscosity of the material at the temperature at which the testwas made.11.2.1 Report values below 200 s to the nearest 0.5 s. Reportvalues of 200 s or higher to the nearest whole second.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Results should not differ from the mean by more thanthe following:12.1.1 Re
38、peatability (one operator and apparatus)1 %.12.1.2 Reproducibility (different operators andapparatus)2 %.13. Keywords13.1 bituminous; high temperature; Saybolt Furol; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item menti
39、onedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee a
40、nd must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
41、of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
42、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 102/E 102M 93 (2009)3
