1、Designation: E 102 93 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Test Method forSaybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at HighTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThis test method was made SI-dominant in August 2003.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the empirical
3、 procedures fordetermining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous mate-rials at specified temperatures between 120 and 240C (248and 464F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purpo
4、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa
5、rds:D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity2D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup Tester3D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials4E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers5E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.
6、1.1 Furolan acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscositythe corrected efflux time inseconds of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated Furolorifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value isreported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at aspecified temperature.4.
7、 Summary of Test Method4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowingthrough a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefullycontrolled conditions. The time is corrected by an orifice factorand reported as the viscosity of the sample at that temperature.5. Significance and Use5.1 This t
8、est method is useful in characterizing certainbituminous materials, as one element in establishing unifor-mity of shipments and sources of supply.5.2 This test method is an extension of Test Method D 88.6. Apparatus6.1 Saybolt Furol Viscometer and Bath, as shown anddescribed in Test Method D 88, Fig
9、. 1 and Annex 1. Anexternal heater may also be used, but if so, it shall be more than51 mm (2 in.) from the viscometer. An aluminum-block,constant-temperature bath is also acceptable, and no stirringdevice is required with this type of bath.6.2 Displacement Ring, as shown in Fig. 1, constructed ofth
10、e same corrosion-resistant metal as the viscometer.6.3 CoverA metal cover for the viscometer, cylindricalwith a flat top, approximately 57 mm (214 in.) in diameter and7mm(14 in.) deep (Note 1). One hole slightly larger than thediameter of a viscosity thermometer shall be drilled in thecenter of the
11、cover, and two smaller holes to permit the verticalrods of the displacement ring to pass through the cover.NOTE 1The cover of a 90-mL (3-oz) Gill-style ointment box fulfillsthese requirements.6.4 Thermometer Support, as shown in Test Method D 88,Fig. 3.6.5 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers, as listed i
12、n Table 1, forreading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shallconform to the requirements listed in Specification E 1 for thatASTM Thermometer Number.6.6 Bath ThermometersSaybolt Viscosity thermometers,or any other temperature-indicating means of equivalent accu-racy.6.7 Sieve, 850-m (N
13、o. 20), conforming to the requirementsof Specification E 11.6.8 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D 88, Fig. 5.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 onSolvent-Bearing Bituminous Com
14、pounds for Roofing and Waterproofing.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originallyapproved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 102 93 (1997).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards
15、, Vol 04.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.9 Timer, graduated in fifths or tenths of a second, andaccurate to within 0.1 % when te
16、sted over a 60-min interval.Electric timers are acceptable if operated on a controlledfrequency circuit.6.10 Hot Plate, electric, approximately 200 mm (8 in.) indiameter, with a three-heat switch, rated at 1200 W at the highheat setting and 500 to 600 W at the medium heat setting.7. Sampling7.1 Samp
17、le the material in accordance with Practice D 140.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with xylene, removeall solvent from the viscometer and its gallery, and dry well.Clean the displacement ring and receiving flask in the samemanner. Xylene is a toxic and flammable solvent
18、; all workingareas shall be efficiently hooded and kept free of sparks andopen flames. If the viscometer is hot, vaporization of xylenecan be reduced by filling the tube rapidly and immediatelyallowing it to flow out through the orifice. A wooden toothpickmay be useful in cleaning the orifice.NOTE 2
19、The viscometer may be kept clean by filling with cylinder oilimmediately after each test and allowing the oil to remain in theviscometer for several minutes before draining and cleaning with xyleneas described above. If desired, the viscometer may be kept filled withcylinder oil between runs, draini
20、ng and cleaning with xylene just beforeeach test.8.2 Set up the viscometer and bath in an area where theywill not be exposed to drafts or rapid changes in air tempera-ture, and dust or vapors that might contaminate a sample.8.3 Place the receiving flask beneath the viscometer so thatthe graduation m
21、ark on the flask is from 100 to 130 mm (4 to5 in.) below the bottom of the viscometer tube, and so that thestream of liquid will just touch the neck of the flask.8.4 Fill the bath to at least 6 mm (14 in.) above the overflowrim of the viscometer with an appropriate bath medium for theselected test t
22、emperature:8.4.1 Use SAE 40 grade oil for test temperatures up to149C (300F).8.4.2 For temperatures above 149C (300F), use a cylinderoil having a viscosity of approximately 175 to 185 SUS at98.9C (210F), and a minimum flash point of 300C (572F)when tested in accordance with Test Method D 92.8.4.3 Ch
23、ange the bath medium periodically, and clean theoutside walls of the tubes to remove any carbon deposits.8.5 Provide adequate stirring and thermal control for thebath so that the temperature of a test sample in the viscometerwill not vary more than 0.3C (0.5F) after reaching theselected test tempera
24、ture.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Calibrate the Saybolt Furol viscometer at periodic inter-vals in accordance with Test Method D 88, Section 9, andcalculate the correction factor for the viscometer.9.2 Do not use viscometers or orifices requiring correctionsgreater than 61%.10. Procedure10.
25、1 Establish and control the bath temperature at theselected test temperature.10.1.1 Standard test temperatures for measuring SayboltFurol viscosities of bituminous materials are 121, 135, 149,163, 177, 204, and 232C (250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 400, and450F).10.2 Insert a cork stopper, having a cord at
26、tached for itseasy removal, into the air chamber at the bottom of theviscometer. The cork shall fit tightly enough to prevent theescape of air, as evidenced by the absence of oil on the corkwhen it is withdrawn later as described.10.3 Place the displacement ring in the gallery of theviscometer.10.4
27、Preheat a 0.5-kg (1-lb) sample in a 500-mL (16-oz)seamless tin box of the deep type on the electric hot plate toabout 10 to 15C (18 to 27F) above the selected testtemperature.(Material: Corrosion-resistant metal.)FIG. 1 Displacement RingTABLE 1 ASTM Saybolt Viscosity ThermometersStandard TestTempera
28、ture,C (F)ASTM Ther-mometerNumberAThermometerRange, FSubdivi-sions, F121 (250) 77F 245 to 265 0.5135 (275) 108F 270 to 290 0.5149 (300) 78F 295 to 315 0.5163 (325) 109F 320 to 340 0.5177 (350) 79F 345 to 365 0.5204 (400) 80F 395 to 415 0.5232 (450) 81F 445 to 465 0.5AComparable thermometers calibrat
29、ed in C are not available.E 102 93 (2003)e1210.4.1 Use the medium-temperature setting on the hot platefor the first half hour, and the high-temperature setting for theremainder of the heating period. Avoid overheating initiallybecause this might cause some oxidation of the sample andalter its viscos
30、ity.10.4.2 Stir the sample occasionally during the early stagesof heating, but employ continuous stirring for the last 28C(50F).10.4.3 Complete the preheating in2horless, and proceedimmediately with the viscosity determination. Reheating ofany sample shall not be permitted.10.5 Preheat the 850-m (No
31、. 20) sieve to the selected testtemperature, and pour the heated sample through the sievedirectly into the viscometer until the level is just above theoverflow rim.NOTE 3Just enough sample should overflow so that later removal ofthe displacement ring will cause the excess to flow into the gallery wi
32、thoutcompletely filling it.10.6 Place the cover on the viscometer over the displace-ment ring, and insert the appropriate viscosity thermometerequipped with the thermometer support through the hole in thecenter of the cover.10.7 Stir the sample in the viscometer continuously with thethermometer, usi
33、ng a circular motion at 30 to 50 rpm in ahorizontal plane to avoid whipping air into the sample. Takecare to avoid striking the orifice.10.8 When the sample temperature remains constant within0.3C (0.5F) of the test temperature during 1 min of continu-ous stirring, withdraw the thermometer and remov
34、e the coverfrom the viscometer. Immediately remove the displacementring, check to be sure that the excess sample in the gallery isbelow the level of the overflow rim, and replace the cover onthe viscometer.10.9 Check to be sure that the receiving flask is in properposition; then snap the cork from t
35、he viscometer using theattached cord, and start the timer at the same instant. Theelapsed time from filling the viscometer to snapping the corkshall not exceed 15 min.10.10 Stop the timer the instant the sample reaches thegraduation mark on the receiving flask. Record the efflux timein seconds to th
36、e nearest 0.1 or 0.2 s.11. Calculation and Report11.1 Multiply the efflux time by the correction factor for theviscometer determined in 9.1.11.2 Report the corrected efflux time as the Saybolt Furolviscosity of the material at the temperature at which the testwas made.11.2.1 Report values below 200
37、s to the nearest 0.5 s. Reportvalues of 200 s or higher to the nearest whole second.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Results should not differ from the mean by more thanthe following:12.1.1 Repeatability (one operator and apparatus)1 %.12.1.2 Reproducibility (different operators and apparatus)2%.13. Keywo
38、rds13.1 bituminous; high temperature; Saybolt Furol; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
39、patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
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41、ir hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 102 93 (2003)e13
