1、Designation: E125 63 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Reference Photographs forMagnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.These Reference Radiographs have been ap
3、proved to replace MIL-M-11473 (ORD). These Reference Photographs2have beenreproduced through the courtesy of the Steel Founders Society from photographs obtained from its member companies.1. Scope1.1 This collection of reference photographs covers typesand degrees of discontinuities occurring in ste
4、el castings andother types of ferrous castings detectable by the dry powdermagnetic particle method.1.2 These reference photographs are intended to assist in theclassification of those discontinuities revealed in ferrous cast-ings subjected to magnetic particle examination.1.3 These reference photog
5、raphs are intended to be used forpurposes of comparison with the magnetic particle indicationsobserved on actual castings.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications23. Identification3.1
6、The types of discontinuities covered by the referencephotographs are listed and described in Table 1. Each type ofdiscontinuity is designated by Roman numerals I through VIIIas given in the table.3.2 The degrees of discontinuity severity, in increasingorder where applicable, are denoted by numbers 1
7、 through 5.NOTE 1To avoid any misunderstanding, it should be pointed out thereis no correlation between degrees of the various defects. For instance,Degree 3 of Type I is not equivalent to Degree 3 of Type II.3.3 Each reference photograph is identified with the propernumber and letter designation.4.
8、 Preparation4.1 The reference photographs represent magnetic particleindications as found on production steel castings. They repre-sent the actual size of the indications and the procedurefollowed was in accordance with Guide E709. The peakmagnetizing current employed was from 600 to 800Aand prodspa
9、cing from 4 to 10 in.4.2 The white line indications as illustrated in most of thephotographs were obtained by painting the casting area with aslurry of lamp-black in kerosene, gasoline, or alcohol. A graymagnetic powder is then used. The result is a white indicationunder normal photographic methods.
10、4.3 The black line indications result from applying redmagnetic powder to the casting surface and photographing themagnetic particle indications.5. Basis for Use of Reference Photographs5.1 These reference photographs are intended for use whenthey are specified in the inquiry, contract, order, mater
11、ialspecifications, or applicable code, and when the limiting classof severity is mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer andthe purchaser. It is admitted that it is impossible to rigidlyinterpret magnetic particle indications on castings to a set ofphotographic references; consequently there is a n
12、eed for closecooperation between the manufacturer and the purchaser.5.2 Unless otherwise specified all accessible surfaces of thecasting shall be examined. On many castings, however, onlycertain areas are sufficiently critical to justify this type ofexamination. In these cases the locations to be ex
13、amined shallbe specifically agreed upon.5.3 The severity class and the number of castings madefrom the same pattern to be given magnetic particle examina-tion shall constitute a part of the inquiry, contract, or order, orshall be as specified in the material specification or applicablecode.5.4 The l
14、imiting size and shape of the unit area to beexamined shall be established by the applicable code or by1These reference photographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE07.03 on Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Parti
15、cle Methods.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E125 63 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/E0125-63R13.2These reference photographs are available on four large charts arranged foreach type of discontinuity. The charts are
16、 available fromASTM Headquarters. OrderADJE0125.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright AST
17、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1mutual agreement of the manufacturer and the purchaser.When more than one type of discontinuity appears in thespecified area, agreement on this situation should be estab-lished.5.5 These indications,
18、 generally, represent evidence of sur-face discontinuities and any deductions or conclusions withregard to depth or extent of the interior nature of the discon-tinuity must be based on exploration by other test methods.6. Keywords6.1 discontinuities; ferrous castings; indications; magneticparticle i
19、ndications; magnetic particle examination; magneticparticle inspection; photographs; reference photographs; steelcastingsTABLE 1 Types of DiscontinuitiesType Type of Discontinuity Degree Figure No.ADefinitionI Linear discontinuities (hot tears andcracks)1 I-1a, I-1b and I-1c Ragged lines of variable
20、 width. May appear as a single jaggedline or exist in groups. They may or may not have a definiteline of continuity. They usually originate at the castingsurface and generally become smaller as they go deeper.I-2a, I-2b and I-2c2 I-3a, I-3b and I-3cI-4a, I-4b and I-4c3 I-5a, I-5b and I-5c45(3 exampl
21、es each)II Shrinkage 1 to 5 II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4 and II-5 Appears as a jagged area or irregular patches. Shrinkage is asubsurface discontinuity that may be brought to the surfaceby machining or other methods of metal removal.III Inclusions 1 to 5 III-1, III-2, III-3, III-4 andIII-5Isolated, irregu
22、lar or elongated variations of magnetic particlesoccurring singly, in a linear distribution or scattered at ran-dom in feathery streaks. The indications are the result ofthe presence of sand, slag or oxides in the surface metal.IV Internal chills and unfused chaplets 1 to 5 IV-1, IV-2, IV-3, IV-4 an
23、dIV-5A uniform line or band outlining the object and indicating lackof fusion between the metal object and the casting.V Porosity 2 examples V-1 and V-2 Appears as rounded and elongated clusters of magnetic par-ticles of various sizes; scattered at random.VI Welds:Weld porosityIncomplete penetration
24、UndercuttingInclusions in weldCrater cracking5 examplesVI-1VI-2VI-3VI-4VI-5Incomplete fusion and penetration appears as a straight con-tinuous or intermittent linear indication. Porosity, inclusionsand linear discontinuities in welds appear as describedabove.VII False Indications: 5 examplesProd pat
25、tern VII-1Powder lodged in surface depres-sionVII-2Particles dropped from cables VII-3Chisel marks VII-4Wrinkles VII-5VIII Magnetic Anomalies: 5 examplesAdhering scale VIII-1Magnetic writing VIII-2High external magnetic field VIII-3Junction of materials of differentpermeabilityVIII-4Powder build up
26、at sharp fillet VIII-5ASee Footnote 2.E125 63 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent ri
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29、g you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard ma
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