1、Designation: E 190 92 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forGuided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a guided bend test for
3、 thedetermination of soundness and ductility of welds in ferrousand nonferrous products. Defects, not shown by X rays, mayappear in the surface of a specimen when it is subjected toprogressive localized overstressing. This guided bend test hasbeen developed primarily for plates and is not intended t
4、o besubstituted for other methods of bend testing.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE 1For additional information se
5、e Terminology E6, and Ameri-can Welding Society Standard D 1.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
6、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing2.2 AWS Standard:D1.1 Structural Welding Code, Steel33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The specimen is bent in a U-shaped die by means of acentrally applied
7、force to the weldment in a flat specimensupported at two positions equidistant from the line of forceapplication. The specimen is forced into the die by a plungerhaving the shape necessary to produce the desired contour. Theconvex surface of the bent specimen is examined for cracks orother open defe
8、cts.4. Significance and Use4.1 The guided bend test as described in this test method isused to evaluate the quality of welds as a function of ductilityas evidenced by their ability to resist cracking during bending.5. Apparatus5.1 The guided bend test jig is shown in Fig. 1 (seeExplanatory Notes at
9、end of this test method).6. Sampling6.1 Sampling is performed in accordance with the require-ments of relevant specifications and codes.7. Test Specimens7.1 The types of specimens generally used for guided bendtesting are rectangular ones machined from plates and pipes.The face surface of the flat s
10、pecimen contains the greater widthof the weld material, while the opposite side is called the rootsurface.7.1.1 Transverse Side BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that eitherone of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig.
11、 2 and Fig. 3).7.1.2 Transverse Face BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weldface surface becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen(Fig. 4).7.1.3 Transverse Root BendThe weld is transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen which is
12、 bent so that theweld-root surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 4).7.1.4 Longitudinal Face BendThe weld is parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that theweld-face surface becomes the convex surface of the bentspecimen (Fig. 5).1This test method is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 onDuctility and Formability.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 190 92 (2003).
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW Le
15、Jeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.1.5 Longitudinal Root BendThe weld is parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weldroot surface becomes the convex surface
16、of the bent specimen(Fig. 5).8. Procedure8.1 Bend the guided-bend specimens in a test jig that issubstantially in accordance with Fig. 1. Place transversespecimens on the die member of the jig with the weld atmidspan. Place face-bend specimens with the face of the welddirected toward the gap; place
17、root-bend specimens with theroot of the weld directed toward the gap; and place side-bendspecimens with the side showing the greater defects toward thegap. If no significant defects are evident, either side may bechosen.8.2 Any convenient means may be used for moving theplunger with relation to the
18、die; but it must be steady andwithout any significant lateral motion.Apply the force until thespecimen conforms to a U-shape, and until a18-in. (3.2 mm)diameter wire cannot be inserted between the specimen andany point on the curvature of the plunger member of the jig,unless the specimen fails earli
19、er.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 Examine the convex surface of the bent specimen forcracks or other open defects.9.1.1 When the test is conducted as an acceptance criterion,the allowable crack size shall be specified by the code orspecification requiring the test.9.1.2 When the test is conducted f
20、or informational purposes,report the size and location of all cracks visible to the unaidedeye.Thickness of Specimenin. (mm)A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C, in. (mm) D, in. (mm)38 (9.5) 112 (38)34 (19) 238 (60) 1316 (30)18 (3.2) 218 (54) 1116 (27) 238 (60) 1316 (30)t 4t 2t 6t +18 ( + 3.2) 3t +116 (+1.6)FI
21、G. 1 Guided Bend Test Jigt, in. (mm) T,in.38 to 112 (9.5 to 38) t112 (38) See NoteNOTEFor plates over 112 in. (38 mm) thick, cut specimen intoapproximately equal strips between34 and 112 in. (19 and 38 mm) wideand test each strip.FIG. 2 Side-Bend Specimen for Ferrous Materialst, in. (mm) T,in.38 to
22、112 (9.5 to 38) t112 See NoteNOTEFor plates over 112 in. (38 mm) thick, cut specimen intoapproximately equal strips between34 and 112 in. (19 to 38 mm) wide andtest each strip.FIG. 3 Side-Bend Specimen for Nonferrous MaterialsE 190 92 (2008)210. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and bias statements a
23、re not made for this testmethod because the test result is a nonnumerical report ofsuccess or failure based on criteria specified in relevantstandards.EXPLANATORY NOTESEXPLANATORY NOTES ON BEND TEST JIGNOTE 1Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollersfree to rotate shall be used.NOTE 2
24、The shoulders or rollers shall have a minimum width of 2 in.(50.8 mm) for the placement of the specimen.NOTE 3The length of the specimen shall be such that the ends will notinterfere with the seating of the specimen.NOTE 4The plunger shall be fitted with an appropriate base andprovisions for attachm
25、ent to the testing machine; and shall be designed tominimize deflection and misalignment.NOTE 5The die member shall be fitted with an appropriate basedesigned to safeguard against deflection or misalignment and equippedwith means for keeping the shoulders or rollers over the midpoint andaligned with
26、 respect to the plunger.NOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm.NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip or backing ring, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shallbe machined to a thickness, T, which must be specified in relation to t. If a
27、recessed ring is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depthnot exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the ring, except that in such cases the thickness of the finished specimen shall meet the specifiedrelationship to t. Do not flame-cut nonferrous material. When the original
28、wall thickness of pipe exceeds38 in. (9.5 mm), excess material shall bemachined from the inside surface of face-bend specimens and the outside surface of root-bend specimens. For Boiler Code nonferrous materials, see TableQN-8, Section IX on Welding Qualifications of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Ves
29、sel Code, 1965.FIG. 4 Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, Plate and PipeNOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm.NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip, if any, shall be removed flush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shall be machined toa thickness, T, which mus
30、t be specified in relation to t. If a recessed strip is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depth not exceedingthe depth of the recess to remove the strip, except that in such cases the thickness of the finished specimen shall meet the specified relationship to t. ForBoiler Code
31、Materials, see Table QN-8, Section IX on Welding Qualifications of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1965.FIG. 5 Longitudinal Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, PlateE 190 92 (2008)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
32、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c
33、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
34、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
35、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 190 92 (2008)4
