1、Designation: E 250 98 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Practice forUse of CODEN1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 250; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONCODEN are unique, unambiguous identifiers for titles of serial and nonserial publications in allsubject areas. CODEN are assigned only by the International
3、CODEN Service. Identifiers resemblingCODEN assigned by other than this central agency are not valid CODEN. The word “CODEN” iscoined, not an acronym. It should be spelled out entirely in uppercase letters wherever used. The wordis both singular and plural.The use of an identifier such as CODEN was p
4、roposed by Charles Bishop, Ph.D. (AmericanDocumentation, Vol 4, 1953, p. 54.) who also privately published a list of nearly 3000 codes in 1954.Under his direction, both the size of the list and use of the system grew until in 1961, at Dr. Bishopssuggestion, custody and responsibility for maintaining
5、 a list of some 4000 codes were first assumedby ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy. During this period, CODEN were assigned byDr. L.E. Kuentzel of Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. The list was expanded to 25 000 codes and titles andpublished as ASTM DS 23. In addition, a mechanism was established
6、 for supplying codes for newperiodicals or previously uncoded titles and to issue these as annual supplements. In 1966, theCODEN publication DS 23 A was issued with 39 000 entries. In April 1967, the project was movedto the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa. In August 1968,
7、supplement DS 23A-S1 with 25 000 entries, and in May 1969, supplement DS 23 A-S2 with 22 500 additional entrieswere published. In 1970, a new cumulation of the CODEN data base was published by ASTM as DS23 B (109 507 CODEN). Supplements were published in 1972 (DS 23 B-S1 with 10 033 CODEN) and1974 (
8、DS 23 B-S2 with 7736 CODEN). Effective January 1975, responsibility for the assignment ofCODEN was transferred to the Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, and designated theInternational CODEN Service.1. Scope1.1 This practice defines CODEN, how to obtain them, andhow they can be used or appl
9、ied.1.2 The rules for establishing or selecting the publicationtitle to which a CODEN is assigned, as well as the rules forestablishing CODEN are not a part of this practice.22. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 abbreviated titlean abbreviated or condensed formof the collective- or monographic-level
10、title of a publication,based on a contraction of primary and a deletion of non-primary title words.2.1.1.1 DiscussionAbbreviated titles are to be based onthe following international standards: ISO 4-1984 (E).Documentation-Rules for the Abbreviation of Title Words andTitles of Publications: List of S
11、erial Title Word Abbreviationsand Its Supplements (see Refs 1 and 2).32.1.2 analytical-level titlethe title for a contribution thatis included within a monographic- or collective-level work,and that is handled, processed, or referenced as an individualitem.2.1.2.1 DiscussionExamples of analytical-le
12、vel titles in-clude: the title of an article in a journal, a chapter in a book, afilmstrip within a set, or a band on a sound recording disk.2.1.3 CODENa six-character, alphanumeric code thatprovides concise, unique, and unambiguous identification ofthe titles of serial and nonserial publications in
13、 all subjectareas.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on MolecularSpectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E13.91 on Liaison.Current edition approved Dec. 12, 2005. Published April 1999. Originallypublished as E 250 64. Disconti
14、nued 1998. Reinstated 1998.2These rules are on file at ASTM International Headquarters as a research reportand are available at a nominal cost.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the endof this practice.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.1.3.1 DiscussionIn CODEN for serial titles, the firstfive characters are alphabetic, for example, JACSA for Journalof the American Chemical Society. CODEN for nonserials arealphanumeric, with the first two characters always numeric andthe next
16、three alphabetic, for example, 16SAU for ResearchFrontiers in Fluid Dynamics.2.1.3.2 DiscussionThe sixth character of the CODEN isan alphabetic or numeric check digit which is added to permitcomputer verification of the preceding five characters, forexample, JACSAT and 16SAU9 (see Section 3).2.1.3.3
17、 DiscussionThe publication titles to whichCODEN are assigned are, in the case of serials and multivol-umed nonserials, those titles only at the collective level. Forsingle-volume nonserials, CODEN are assigned to titles only atthe monographic level.2.1.4 collective-level titlethe title associated wi
18、th a num-ber of separate serial or nonserial works issued in succession,normally by the same publisher in a uniform style, and relatedto one another by a common title.2.1.5 monographic-level titlethe chief, distinguishing titlefor a single-volume nonserial; the title unique to each singlevolume in a
19、 multivolumed set; or, for serial publications, thetitle unique to a single issue.2.1.6 nonseriala work on a particular subject that iscomplete in one volume or unit or a finite number of volumesor units issued simultaneously or over a finite period of time.2.1.7 seriala work issued in successive pa
20、rts, at regular orirregular intervals, usually having numerical or chronologicaldesignations, and intended to be continued indefinitely.2.1.7.1 DiscussionSerials include periodicals; newspa-pers; annual works; reports; journals, memoirs, proceedings,transactions, etc., of societies; and numbered mon
21、ographicseries.3. CODEN Check Character Assignment3.1 The check character X is calculated from the followingequation:11 3 N1! 1 7 3 N2! 1 5 3 N3! 1 3 3 N4! 1 1 3 N5!345 Q 1X34(1)where each letter in the CODEN is assigned a value ( N1to5) based on its position in the alphabet, that is A =1.Z=26. The
22、digits 1 through 9 in a CODEN are assigned 27 through35, and 0 = 36.3.1.1 For example, for JACSA, the equation becomes:11 3 10! 1 7 3 1! 1 5 3 3! 1 3 3 19! 1 1 3 1!345 5 12034(2)The Q value (5 in this case) is discarded. The X value is thenassigned a character as follows: when X = 1 to 26, the check
23、character is A to Z; when X = 27 to 33, the check character is2 to 8; when X = 0 or 34, the check character is 9. For JACSAwhere X = 20, the check character is T.4. Obtaining CODEN4.1 CODEN may be obtained either from publishedCODEN directories or from the International CODEN Service.4.2 CODEN Publi
24、cationsThe published directories ofCODEN should always be consulted before contacting theInternational CODEN Service for CODEN assignment. Forinformation on the currently available directories of publishedCODEN, contact the International CODEN Service (see 4.3.1).4.3 International CODEN Service:4.3.
25、1 Requests for CODEN assignments require no specialforms, and should be made via mail, TWX or telephone to:International CODEN Servicec/o Chemical Abstracts Service2540 Olentangy River Rd.P.O. Box 3012Columbus, Ohio 43210-0012U.S.A.Telephone: (614) 447-3600 x3163FAX: (614) 4473746E-mail: CODENcas.or
26、g4.3.2 Mailed Requests for CODEN AssignmentsRequestsmust be accompanied by sample issues of the publication or bya photocopy of the cover and the title page of the publication.Requests for CODEN for serial publications should also beaccompanied by a photocopy of the masthead. PermanentCODEN will be
27、assigned only upon provision of proof, asspecified above, that the publication for which a CODEN isbeing requested exists.4.3.3 Requests for CODEN Transmitted by FAX, Telephone,or E-mailRequests must include the complete title of thepublication, the name of the publisher, and the name of the cityand
28、 country of publication. For such requests, provisionalCODEN will be assigned. In order for CODEN assignments tobe made permanent, requesters must provide proof that thepublications assigned CODEN exist by supplying photocopiesof covers, title pages, and mastheads (for serials). If such proofis not
29、supplied to the International CODEN Service within 30days, the provisional CODEN will be canceled and therequester so notified.5. Uses of CODEN5.1 CODEN are used to aid in the storage and retrieval ofinformation linked to published literature, to help in thepreparation of bibliographies or compilati
30、on or references, andto improve general communication involving references topublished material.As concise, accurate identifiers for the titlesof publications, CODEN permit significant space savings inrecords supporting receipt, routing, referencing, and processingof published material. CODEN also b
31、ring more accuracy to theprocessing of publication titles by precluding ambiguity andconfusion in title selection, entry, and citation. Specific uses ofCODEN are listed as follows.5.2 The UNISIST/ICSUAB/ISDS-coded bibliographic strip(3) is designed to provide accurate, unambiguous, and conciseidenti
32、fication of serial publications or articles included inserials and as such, includes the CODEN as one element of thestrip. Also included in the strip are such data as volumenumber, issue number, inclusive pagination, and date ofpublication. Such precise identification is essential to efficientand ef
33、fective transfer of information from producers of theserial literature to the users. In computer-based bibliographiccontrol and information processing systems, use of accurate,highly compact identification codes becomes an economicE 250 98 (2002)2necessity. Printing of the coded bibliographic strip
34、by publish-ers on the covers of their primary and secondary publicationsensures this identification.5.2.1 The adoption of the use of the coded bibliographicstrip by primary and secondary serial publishers as an identifierfor issues of serials and articles contained within these issues isencouraged b
35、y the following organizations: The United Na-tions Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), the International Council of Scientific UnionsAbstracting Board (ICSU AB), and the International SerialsData System (ISDS). Full information on the coded biblio-graphic strip is available f
36、rom Guidelines for the CodedBibliographic Strip for Serial Publications (3).5.2.2 Examples of the coded bibliographic strip are asfollows:5.2.2.1 Journal Issue Reference:Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol 15, No. 7, 1968, pp.597622.CODEN: JONRA9 15(7)597622 (1968)5.2.2.2 Journal Article Reference:Annale
37、s Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A4, No.187, 1972, pp. 14.CODEN: AAFBAU 187 14 (1972)5.3 Library serials check-in systems can effectively useCODEN for the precise identification of serial titles forrecording purposes and as an access key for rapid access tocomputer-based systems.5.4 Substitu
38、tion of CODEN for publication titles on com-puter data bases is highly effective and efficient in terms ofspace utilization. It also permits a significantly lower error ratein keyboarding and eliminates proofing and editing of title datathrough use of a computer edit based on the check character.5.5
39、 Use of the CODEN as a mechanism to retrieve thestandard form of publication title (either full or abbreviated), inaddition to the aspect of space utilization, provides titles thatare consistently accurate and error-free.5.6 Use of CODEN in references, both manually generated,as well as those result
40、ing from computer data bases, providesfor precise, accurate identification of publication titles, as wellas compact citations. CODEN-based bibliographic strips (see5.2) are brief enough to be used as in-text references. It isrecommended that when CODEN are used in references,bibliographies, and othe
41、r published lists, a CODEN-orderindex to the abbreviated or full title accompany the publication.REFERENCES(1) International Organization for Standardization, Documentation-Rulesfor the Abbreviation of Title Words and Titles of Publications, 2nd ed.,Geneva, Switzerland, c. 1984, 5 pp (ISO 4-1984 (E)
42、.(2) International Series Data System, International Centre, List of SerialTitle Word Abbreviations, 2nd ed., Paris, France, c. 1984, 216 pp.(3) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), and International Council of Scientific Unions Abstract-ing Board (ICSU AB), Gui
43、delines for the Coded Bibliographic Stripfor Serial Publications, Paris, France, 1975, 14 pp.(4) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,UNISIST International Serials Data System (ISDS) Guidelines forISDS, International Center for the Registration of Serial Publications,Par
44、is, France, May 1973, 58 pp. (SC/WS/538).(5) American Society for Testing and Materials, Form and Style for ASTMStandards, 10th ed., West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, 58 pp.(6) American National Standards Institute, Periodicals: Format andArrangement, New York, NY, 16 pp. (ANSI Z39.1-1977).ASTM Internati
45、onal takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely thei
46、r own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should b
47、e addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standard
48、s, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 250 98 (2002)3
