1、Designation: E 279 97 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Abrasion Resistance of Iron Ore Pelletsand Sinter by the Tumbler Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a relative measure of theresistance of iron ore pellets
3、 and sinter to degradation byimpact and by abrasion.1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are given for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo
4、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE 2
5、76 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis atNo. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal-Bearing Oresand Related MaterialsE 389 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis atNo. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Coarser for Metal-BearingOres and Related MaterialsE 877 Practice for Sampling and Sampl
6、e Preparation of IronOres and Related MaterialsE 882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in theChemical Analysis Laboratory3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E 135.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a tumbler
7、 drum which is rotated.The tumbled material is removed and screened to determine thedegradation.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a comparative method intendedprimarily to test materials for compliance with compositionalspecifications or for monitoring. It is assumed that all who usethe
8、se procedures will be trained analysts capable of performingcommon laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It isexpected that work will be performed in a properly equippedlaboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will befollowed. Appropriate quality control practices must be fol-lowe
9、d such as those described in Guide E 882.5.2 This test method is used to monitor the feed to blastfurnaces for process control.6. Apparatus6.1 Tumbler Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, shall be acircular drum 914 mm (36 in.) in inside diameter and 457 mm(18 in.) in inside length constructed of steel pl
10、ate at least 6.3mm (14 in.) in thickness. The drum shall be replaced wheneverthe thickness of the plate is reduced by wear to 3.18 mm (18in.) in any area. Two equally spaced steel angle lifters, 50.8 by50.8 by 6.35 mm (2 by 2 by14 in.) shall be solidly attachedlongitudinally inside the drum by rivet
11、ing in such a manner asto prevent accumulation of material between the lifter anddrum. Preferably, one of the lifters shall be attached to the doorfor ease of sample removal. The lifters shall be fastened so thatthe attached legs point away from the direction of rotation, thusgiving a clear unobstru
12、cted shelf for lifting the sample. Thelifters shall be replaced when the wear is such that the shelfmeasures less than 47.6 mm (178 in.). The door shall be soconstructed as to fit into the drum to form a smooth innersurface and during the test shall be rigidly fastened to preventany loss of the samp
13、le. The drum shall be rotated on stub axlesabout 38.1 mm (112 in.) in diameter attached to the ends of thedrum by means of flanges welded or bolted so as to providesmooth inner surfaces. The apparatus shall be fitted with a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 onAnalytica
14、l Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E01.02 on Ores, Concentrates, and Related Metal-lurgical Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 27
15、9 97 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.revolution counter and, preferably, with an automatic device tostop the drum after 200 revolutions.6.2 SievesSquare-mesh sieves having the following des-ignations are needed: 2-in. (50-mm); 112-in. (37.5-mm);34-in.(19.0-mm);12-in. (12
17、.5-mm);38-in. (9.5-mm);14-in. (6.3-mm); and No. 30 (600-m).6.3 ScalesThe scales used for weighing the sample shallbe sensitive to 23 g (0.05 lb).6.4 Riffle, having a 37.5-mm (112-in.) opening.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Sample Size:7.1.1 PelletsUse a 11.3 6 0.23-kg (25 6 0.5-lb) sampleof 38.1 by 6.3
18、5-mm (112 by14-in.) pellets dried to constantweight of 105 to 110C. Prepare by riffling the gross samplesof pellets retained on the14-in. (6.3-mm) sieve to 11.3 kg (25lb). The riffle should have 37.5-mm (112-in.) openings inaccordance with Practice E 877.NOTE 1The gross sample collected shall be suf
19、ficient to obtainapproximately 45.4 kg (100 lb) of pellets that will pass a 112-in.(37.5-mm), and be retained on a14-in. (6.3-mm) square-mesh sieve. Forpellets with more than 10 weight % larger than 12.7-mm (12-in.) the riffleopening should be three times larger than the largest single pellet to pas
20、sthrough the riffle.7.1.2 SinterUse a 11.3 6 0.23-kg (25 6 0.5-lb) sample of50.8 by 9.51-mm (2 by38-in.) sinter. Prepare by takingproportionate weights of each size according to the screenanalysis made by sieving the gross sample through 2-in.(50-mm),34-in. (19.0-mm),12-in. (12.5-mm), and38-in. (9.5
21、-mm) sieves in accordance with Test Method E 389.NOTE 2The gross sample collected shall be sufficient to obtainapproximately 45.4 kg (100 lb) of sinter which will pass a 2-in. (50-mm),and be retained on38-in. (9.5-mm) square-mesh sieve.8. Procedure8.1 Place the 11.3-kg (25-lb) sample into the tumble
22、r drum.Rigidly fasten the door and rotate the drum at 24 6 1 rpm fora total of 200 revolutions. Then remove all of the material fromthe drum and hand sieve it on14-in. (6.3-mm) and No. 30(600-m) sieves. Separately weigh and record the amount ofsample retained on the14-in. (6.3-mm) sieve, the amountr
23、etained on the No. 30 (600-m) sieve, and the amount passingthe No. 30 (600-m) sieve in accordance with Test MethodsE 276 and E 389. Mechanical sieving may be used, provided ithas been established that the method gives the same results ashand sieving.9. Number of Tests9.1 At least two tests shall be
24、made on each pellet sample.If the differences between the values obtained exceed 0.4 unitsin the cumulative percentage over the14-in. (6.3-mm) or theNo. 30 (600-m) sieve, at least one further test shall be madeand the mean value of all tests taken.9.2 At least two tests shall be made on each sinter
25、sample.If the differences between the values obtained exceed 2.0 unitsin the cumulative percentages over the14-in. (6.3-mm) or theNo. 30 (600-m) sieve, at least one further test shall be madeand the mean value of all tests taken.9.3 The total loss in weight in any one test may not exceed0.7 weight %
26、 of the initial sample weight. If the total loss inweight exceeds 0.7 %, the test shall be rejected.10. Report10.1 The sieve analysis after tumbler test shall be reportedto the nearest 0.1 % as the percent on the14-in. (6.3-mm) sieveand the percent passing the No. 30 (600-m) sieve.11. Precision and
27、Bias11.1 It is not possible to specify the precision of theprocedure in Test Method E 279 for abrasion resistance be-cause of the variability of the material at the sampling locationand the lack of precision data for the sieving standard used. Itis important to retain this procedure as a standard du
28、e to thespecifications of the mechanical controls in the procedure.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias of theprocedure in Test Method E 279 for measuring abrasionresistance since no material having an accepted reference valueis available.12. Keywords12.1 abrasion resistance; iron ore; p
29、ellets; sinterFIG. 1 Tumbler Test ApparatusE 279 97 (2005)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
30、ent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eit
31、her for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
32、hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 279 97 (2005)3
