1、Designation: E308 08 E308 12Standard Practice forComputing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E308; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONStandard tables (TablesTables 1-4) 14) of col
3、or matching functions and illuminant spectral powerdistributions have since 1931 been defined by the CIE, but the CIE has eschewed the role of preparingtables of tristimulus weighting factors for the convenient calculation of tristimulus values. There havesubsequently appeared numerous compilations
4、of tristimulus weighting factors in the literature withdisparity of data resulting from, for example, different selections of wavelength intervals and methodsof truncating abbreviated wavelength ranges. In 1970, Foster et al. (1)2 proposed conventions tostandardize these two features, and Stearns (2
5、) published a more complete set of tables. Stearns workand later publications such as the 1985 revision of E308 have greatly reduced the substantial variationsin methods for tristimulus computation that existed several decades ago.The disparities among earlier tables were largely caused by the intro
6、duction of computations basedon 20-nm wavelength intervals. With the increasing precision of modern instruments, there is alikelihood of a need for tables for narrower wavelength intervals. Stearns tables, based on a 10-nminterval, did not allow the derivation of consistent tables with wavelength in
7、tervals less than 10 nm.The 1-nm table must be designated the basic table if others with greater wavelength intervals are tohave the same white point, and this was the reason for the 1985 revision of E308, resulting in tablesthat are included in the present revision as Tables 5.The 1994 revision was
8、 made in order to introduce to the user a method of reducing the dependenceof the computed tristimulus values on the bandpass of the measuring instrument, using methods thatare detailed in this practice. These changes, however, lead to tables (Tables 6 in this practice) that aresubstantially differe
9、nt from the Tables 5 that have been in use since 1985. There is accordingly adanger, if the new tables are introduced but not universally adopted, that there may again be, perhapsfor several decades, a significant disparity among the tables of tristimulus weighting factors commonlyused. It is highly
10、 desirable that this should be avoided.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain CIE tristimulus values fromspectral reflectance, transmittance, or radiance data for object-color specimens.1.2 Procedures and tables of standard values are give
11、n for computing from spectral measurements the CIE tristimulus valuesX, Y, Z, and chromaticity coordinates x, y for the CIE 1931 standard observer and X10, Y10, Z10 and x10. y10 for the CIE 1964supplementary standard observer.1.3 Standard values are included for the spectral power of six CIE standar
12、d illuminants and three CIE recommended fluorescentilluminants.1.4 Procedures are included for cases in which data are available only in more limited wavelength ranges than thoserecommended, or for a measurement interval wider than that recommended by the CIE. This practice is applicable to spectral
13、 dataobtained in accordance with Practice E1164 with 1-, 5-, 10-, or 20-nm measurement interval.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color andAppearance Analysis.Current edition approved Dec
14、. 1, 2008July 1, 2012. Published January 2009December 2012. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20062008as E308 06.E308 08. DOI: 10.1520/E0308-08.10.1520/E0308-12.2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this practice.This documen
15、t is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as app
16、ropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Spectral Tristimulus Values (Color-Matching Function
17、s) x,y,z of the CIE 1931 Standard (2) Observer, at 5 nm Intervals from 380to 780 nm (See Note 2 and Ref (3)(nm) x() y() z()380 0.0014 0.0000 0.0065385 0.0022 0.0001 0.0105390 0.0042 0.0001 0.0201395 0.0076 0.0002 0.0362400 0.0143 0.0004 0.0679405 0.0232 0.0006 0.1102410 0.0435 0.0012 0.2074415 0.077
18、6 0.0022 0.3713420 0.1344 0.0040 0.6456425 0.2148 0.0073 1.0391430 0.2839 0.0116 1.3856435 0.3285 0.0168 1.6230440 0.3483 0.0230 1.7471445 0.3481 0.0298 1.7826450 0.3362 0.0380 1.7721455 0.3187 0.0480 1.7441460 0.2908 0.0600 1.6692465 0.2511 0.0739 1.5281470 0.1954 0.0910 1.2876475 0.1421 0.1126 1.0
19、419480 0.0956 0.1390 0.8130485 0.0580 0.1693 0.6162490 0.0320 0.2080 0.4652495 0.0147 0.2586 0.3533500 0.0049 0.3230 0.2720505 0.0024 0.4073 0.2123510 0.0093 0.5030 0.1582515 0.0291 0.6082 0.1117520 0.0633 0.7100 0.0782525 0.1096 0.7932 0.0573530 0.1655 0.8620 0.0422535 0.2257 0.9149 0.0298540 0.290
20、4 0.9540 0.0203545 0.3597 0.9803 0.0134550 0.4334 0.9950 0.0087555 0.5121 1.0000 0.0057560 0.5945 0.9950 0.0039565 0.6784 0.9786 0.0027570 0.7621 0.9520 0.0021575 0.8425 0.9154 0.0018580 0.9163 0.8700 0.0017585 0.9786 0.8163 0.0014590 1.0263 0.7570 0.0011595 1.0567 0.6949 0.0010600 1.0622 0.6310 0.0
21、008605 1.0456 0.5668 0.0006610 1.0026 0.5030 0.0003615 0.9384 0.4412 0.0002620 0.8544 0.3810 0.0002625 0.7514 0.3210 0.0001630 0.6424 0.2650 0.0000635 0.5419 0.2170 0.0000640 0.4479 0.1750 0.0000645 0.3608 0.1382 0.0000650 0.2835 0.1070 0.0000655 0.2187 0.0816 0.0000660 0.1649 0.0610 0.0000665 0.121
22、2 0.0446 0.0000670 0.0874 0.0320 0.0000675 0.0636 0.0232 0.0000680 0.0468 0.0170 0.0000685 0.0329 0.0119 0.0000E308 1221.5 Procedures are included for cases in which the spectral data are, and those in which they are not, corrected for bandpassdependence. For the uncorrected cases, it is assumed tha
23、t the spectral bandpass of the instrument used to obtain the data wasapproximately equal to the measurement interval and was triangular in shape. These choices are believed to correspond to the mostwidely used industrial practice.1.6 This practice includes procedures for conversion of results to col
24、or spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELABand CIELUV (3). Equations for calculating color differences in these and other systems are given in Practice D2244.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.
25、8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docum
26、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE1164 Practice for
27、 Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE2022 Practice for Calculation of Weighting Factors for Tristimulus IntegrationE2729 Practice for Rectification of Spectrophotometric Bandpass Differences2.2 ANSI Standard:PH2.23 Lighting Conditions for Viewing Photographic Color Prints and Tr
28、ansparencies42.3 CIE/ISO Standards:CIE Standard S 001/ISO IS 10526, Colorimetric Illuminants4,5CIE Standard S 002/ISO IS 10527, Colorimetric Observers4,5CIE Standard D 001, Colorimetric Illuminants and Observers (Disk)52.4 ASTM Adjuncts:Computer disk containing Tables 5 and 63 For referenced ASTM st
29、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
30、 Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond St.,Salem, MA 01970, http:/www.cie-usnc.org.TABLE 1 Continued(nm) x() y() z()690 0.0227 0.0082 0
31、.0000695 0.0158 0.0057 0.0000700 0.0114 0.0041 0.0000705 0.0081 0.0029 0.0000710 0.0058 0.0021 0.0000715 0.0041 0.0015 0.0000720 0.0029 0.0010 0.0000725 0.0020 0.0007 0.0000730 0.0014 0.0005 0.0000735 0.0010 0.0004 0.0000740 0.0007 0.0002 0.0000745 0.0005 0.0002 0.0000750 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000755 0.0
32、002 0.0001 0.0000760 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000765 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000770 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000775 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000780 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Summation at 5 nm intervals:x () = 21.3714y () = 21.3711z () = 21.3715E308 123TABLE 2 Spectral Tristimulus Values (Color-Matching Functions) x1010,y1010,z1010 of t
33、he CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard (10) Observer,At 5 nm Intervals from 380 to 780 nm (See Note 2 and Ref (3)(nm) x10() y10() z10()380 0.0002 0.0000 0.0007385 0.0007 0.0001 0.0029390 0.0024 0.0003 0.0105395 0.0072 0.0008 0.0323400 0.0191 0.0020 0.0860405 0.0434 0.0045 0.1971410 0.0847 0.0088 0.38944
34、15 0.1406 0.0145 0.6568420 0.2045 0.0214 0.9725425 0.2647 0.0295 1.2825430 0.3147 0.0387 1.5535435 0.3577 0.0496 1.7985440 0.3837 0.0621 1.9673445 0.3867 0.0747 2.0273450 0.3707 0.0895 1.9948455 0.3430 0.1063 1.9007460 0.3023 0.1282 1.7454465 0.2541 0.1528 1.5549470 0.1956 0.1852 1.3176475 0.1323 0.
35、2199 1.0302480 0.0805 0.2536 0.7721485 0.0411 0.2977 0.5701490 0.0162 0.3391 0.4153495 0.0051 0.3954 0.3024500 0.0038 0.4608 0.2185505 0.0154 0.5314 0.1592510 0.0375 0.6067 0.1120515 0.0714 0.6857 0.0822520 0.1177 0.7618 0.0607525 0.1730 0.8233 0.0431530 0.2365 0.8752 0.0305535 0.3042 0.9238 0.02065
36、40 0.3768 0.9620 0.0137545 0.4516 0.9822 0.0079550 0.5298 0.9918 0.0040555 0.6161 0.9991 0.0011560 0.7052 0.9973 0.0000565 0.7938 0.9824 0.0000570 0.8787 0.9556 0.0000575 0.9512 0.9152 0.0000580 1.0142 0.8689 0.0000585 1.0743 0.8256 0.0000590 1.1185 0.7774 0.0000595 1.1343 0.7204 0.0000600 1.1240 0.
37、6583 0.0000605 1.0891 0.5939 0.0000610 1.0305 0.5280 0.0000615 0.9507 0.4618 0.0000620 0.8563 0.3981 0.0000625 0.7549 0.3396 0.0000630 0.6475 0.2835 0.0000635 0.5351 0.2283 0.0000640 0.4316 0.1798 0.0000645 0.3437 0.1402 0.0000650 0.2683 0.1076 0.0000655 0.2043 0.0812 0.0000660 0.1526 0.0603 0.00006
38、65 0.1122 0.0441 0.0000670 0.0813 0.0318 0.0000675 0.0579 0.0226 0.0000680 0.0409 0.0159 0.0000685 0.0286 0.0111 0.0000E308 1243. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this practice (see also Ref (4).3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 bandpass, adjhaving to with a passband.3.2
39、.2 bandwidth, nthe width of a passband at its half-peak transmittance.3.2.3 chromaticity, nthe color quality of a color stimulus definable by its chromaticity coordinates.3.2.4 chromaticity coordinates, nthe ratio of each of the tristimulus values of a psychophysical color (see section 3.2.7.11)to t
40、he sum of the tristimulus values.3.2.4.1 DiscussionIn the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system, the chromaticity coordinates are: x = X/(X + Y + Z), y = Y/(X + Y + Z),z = Z/(X + Y + Z); in the CIE 1964 supplementary colorimetric system, the same equations apply with all symbols having thesubscript
41、10 (see 3.2.7.).3.2.5 CIE, nthe abbreviation for the French title of the International Commission on Illumination, Commission Internationalede lclairage.3.2.6 CIE 1931 (x, y) chromaticity diagram, nchromaticity diagram for the CIE 1931 standard observer, in which the CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates
42、 are plotted, with x as abscissa and y as ordinate.3.2.7 CIE 1964 (x10, y10) chromaticity diagram, nchromaticity diagram for the CIE 1964 supplementary standard observer,in which the CIE 1964 chromaticity coordinates are plotted, with x10 as abscissa and y10 as ordinate.3.2.7.1 DiscussionFig. 1 show
43、s the CIE 1931 and 1964 chromaticity diagrams, including the locations of the spectrum locus and the connectingpurple boundary.3.2.8 CIE 1976 (u, v) or (u10, v10) chromaticity diagram, nchromaticity diagram in which the CIE 1976 L* u * v*(CIELUV) chromaticity coordinates are plotted, with u (or u10)
44、 as abscissa and v (or v10) as ordinate.3.2.9 CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system, na system for determining the tristimulus values of any spectral powerdistribution using the set of reference color stimuli, X, Y, Z and the three CIE colormatching functions x(), y(), z() adoptedby the CIE in 1931.
45、TABLE 2 Continued(nm) x10() y10() z10()690 0.0199 0.0077 0.0000695 0.0138 0.0054 0.0000700 0.0096 0.0037 0.0000705 0.0066 0.0026 0.0000710 0.0046 0.0018 0.0000715 0.0031 0.0012 0.0000720 0.0022 0.0008 0.0000725 0.0015 0.0006 0.0000730 0.0010 0.0004 0.0000735 0.0007 0.0003 0.0000740 0.0005 0.0002 0.0
46、000745 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000750 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000755 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000760 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000765 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000770 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000775 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000780 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Summation at 5 nm intervals:x10() = 23.3294y10() = 23.3324z10() = 23.3343E308 125TABLE 3 Relative Spectra
47、l Power Distributions S() of CIE Standard Illuminants A,C,D5050,D5555,D6565, and D7575 at 5-nm Intervals from380 to 780 nm (See Note 2 and Ref (3)(nm)AS()CS()D50S()D55S()D65S()D75S()380 9.80 33.00 24.49 32.58 49.98 66.70385 10.90 39.92 27.18 35.34 52.31 68.33390 12.09 47.40 29.87 38.09 54.65 69.9639
48、5 13.35 55.17 39.59 49.52 68.70 85.95400 14.71 63.30 49.31 60.95 82.75 101.93405 16.15 71.81 52.91 64.75 87.12 106.91410 17.68 80.60 56.51 68.55 91.49 111.89415 19.29 89.53 58.27 70.07 92.46 112.35420 20.99 98.10 60.03 71.58 93.43 112.80425 22.79 105.80 58.93 69.75 90.06 107.94430 24.67 112.40 57.82
49、 67.91 86.68 103.09435 26.64 117.75 66.32 76.76 95.77 112.14440 28.70 121.50 74.82 85.61 104.86 121.20445 30.85 123.45 81.04 91.80 110.94 127.10450 33.09 124.00 87.25 97.99 117.01 133.01455 35.41 123.60 88.93 99.23 117.41 132.68460 37.81 123.10 90.61 100.46 117.81 132.36465 40.30 123.30 90.99 100.19 116.34 129.84470 42.87 123.80 91.37 99.91 114.86 127.32475 45.52 124.09 93.24 101.33 115.39 127.06480 48.24 123.90 95.11 102.74 115.92 126.80485 51.04 122.92 93.54 100.41 112.37
