1、Designation: E 330 02Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors,Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air PressureDifference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the determination of thestructural performance of exterior windows, doors, skylights,and curtain walls under uniform static air pressure differences,using a test chamber. This test method is applicable to curtainwall assemblies including, but not limited to
4、, metal, glass,masonry, and stone components.1.2 This test method is intended only for evaluating thestructural performance associated with the specified test speci-men and not the structural performance of adjacent construc-tion.1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the prin
5、ciples of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce-dure to be used for applying uniformly distributed test loads toa specimen.1.4.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is not required.1.4.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) sha
6、ll be used when a load-deflection curve is required.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
7、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory materi
8、als. These notes and foot-notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents22.1 ASTM Standards:E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions3E 997 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inExterior Windows, Curtain Wall
9、s, and Doors Under theInfluence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive Meth-ods3E 998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inWindows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influence ofUniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method3E 1233 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindo
10、ws, Curtain Walls, and Doors by CyclicAir PressureDifferential3E 1300 Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glassin Buildings3E 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Storm Shutters Impacted byMissile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials4E 199
11、6 Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Storm Shutters Impacted byWindborne Debris in Hurricanes41This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of
12、 Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 330 97e1.2Additional information on curtain wall assemblies can be obtained from theAmerican Architectural Manufacture
13、rs Association, 1827 Walden Office Square,Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.12.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 ASCE Standard:ASCE 7 Mi
14、nimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructures53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology E 631, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 design wind loadthe uniform static air pressuredifferences, inward and outward,
15、 for which the specimenwould be designed under service load conditions using con-ventional wind engineering specifications and concepts, ex-pressed in pascals (or pounds-force per square foot). Thispressure is determined by either analytical or wind-tunnelprocedures (such as are specified in ASCE 7)
16、.3.2.2 permanent deformation, nthe displacement orchange in dimension of the specimen after the applied load hasbeen removed and the specimen has relaxed for the specifiedperiod of time.3.2.3 proof loada test load multiplied by a factor of safety.3.2.4 stick system, na curtain wall assembly composed
17、 ofindividually framed continuous members, vertical mullions,and horizontal rails that are installed in a sequential, piece-by-piece process. The completed system is assembled entirely inthe field.3.2.5 structural distressa change in condition of thespecimen indicative of deterioration or incipient
18、failure, suchas cracking, local yielding, fastener loosening, or loss ofadhesive bond.3.2.6 test loadthe specified difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,expressed in pascals (or pounds-force per square foot).3.2.7 test specimen, nthe entire as
19、sembled unit submittedfor test (as described in Section 8).3.2.8 unit/panel system, na curtain wall assembly com-posed of pre-assembled groups of individual framing members.The completed system is designed to be modular, transport-able, and installed as a finished assembly.4. Summary of Test Method4
20、.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to orexhausting air from the chamber according to a specific testloading program, at the rate required to maintain the testpressure difference across the specimen, and observing, mea-su
21、ring, and recording the deflection, deformations, and natureof any distress or failures of the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningstructural performance under uniform static air pressure differ-ence. This typically is intended to represent the
22、 effects of awind load on exterior building surface elements. The actualloading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying withwind direction, time, height above ground, building shape,terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. The resis-tance of many windows, curtain walls, and door as
23、semblies towind loading is also complex and depends on the completehistory of load, magnitude, duration, and repetition. Thesefactors are discussed in ASCE 7 and in the literature (1-8).65.2 Design wind velocities are selected for particular geo-graphic locations and probabilities of occurrence base
24、d on datafrom wind velocity maps such as are provided in ASCE 7.These wind velocities are translated into uniform static airpressure differences and durations acting inward and outward.Complexities of wind pressures, as related to building design,wind intensity versus duration, frequency of occurren
25、ce, andother factors must be considered. Superimposed on sustainedwinds are gusting winds which, for short periods of time froma fraction of a second to a few seconds, are capable of movingat considerably higher velocities than the sustained winds. Theanalytical procedures in ASCE 7, wind tunnel stu
26、dies, com-puter simulations, and model analyses are helpful in determin-ing the appropriate design wind loads on exterior surfaceelements of buildings. Generally, wind load durations obtainedfrom ASCE 7 are 2 to 10 s and are dependent upon the specifictime reference employed in determining the press
27、ure coeffi-cients.5.3 Some materials have strength or deflection characteris-tics that are time dependent. Therefore, the duration of theapplied test load may have a significant impact on theperformance of materials used in the test specimen. The mostcommon examples of materials with time-dependent
28、responsecharacteristics that are used are glass, plastics, and compositesthat employ plastics. For this reason, the strength of anassembly is tested for the actual time duration to which itwould be exposed to a sustained or a gust load, or both, asdiscussed above. Generally, U.S. practice for wind l
29、oad testinghas been to require a minimum test period of 10 s for test loadsequal to the design wind load and proof loads equal to 1.5times the design wind load. Thus a safety factor is incorporatedin the testing. With test loads for wind higher than thosedetermined byASCE 7 or of longer time duratio
30、n than 10 s, thedesigner must consider what safety factors are appropriate. Fortest loads that represent design loads other than wind, such assnow load, consideration shall be given to establish an appro-priate test period for both design and proof load testing.5.4 This standard is not intended to a
31、ccount for the effect ofwindborne debris or cyclic loads. Consideration of cyclic airpressure differentials is addressed in Test Method E 1233.Consideration of windborne debris in combination with cyclicair pressure differential representing extreme wind events isaddressed in Test Method E 1886 and
32、Specification E 1996.5.5 This test method is not intended for use in evaluating thestructural adequacy of glass for a particular application. Whenthe structural performance of glass is to be evaluated, theprocedure described in Test Method E 997 or E 998 shall beused.NOTE 1In applying the results of
33、 tests by this test method, note thatthe performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function5Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.6The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended tothis te
34、st method.E330022of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen may or may nottruly represent every aspect of the actual structure. In service, theperformance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction,temperature, and on the resistance of components to deterioration byv
35、arious other causes, including vibration, thermal expansion and contrac-tion, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of the apparatus is general in nature; anyequipment capable of performing the test procedure within theallowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test Cham
36、ber, or a box with an opening, a removablemounting panel, or one open side in which or against which thespecimen is installed. Provide a static pressure tap to measurethe pressure difference across the test specimen. Locate the tapso that the reading is unaffected by the velocity of air suppliedto o
37、r from the chamber or by any other air movements. The airsupply opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that theair does not impinge directly on the test specimen with anysignificant velocity. A means shall be provided to facilitate testspecimen adjustments and observations. The test chamber o
38、rthe specimen mounting frame, or both, must not deflect underthe test load in such a manner that the performance of thespecimen will be affected.6.2.2 Air System, a controllable blower, a compressed-airsupply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blowerdesigned to provide the required maxim
39、um air-pressure differ-ence across the specimen. The system shall provide an essen-tially constant air-pressure difference for the required testperiod.NOTE 2It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separatepressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure differ-ence so that t
40、he test specimen can be tested for the effect of wind blowingagainst the wall (positive pressure) or for the effect of suction on the leeside of the building (negative pressure) without removing, reversing, andreinstalling the test specimen. If an adequate air supply is available, acompletely airtig
41、ht seal need not be provided around the perimeter of thetest specimen and the mounting panel, although it is preferable. However,substantial air leakage will require an air supply of much greater capacityto maintain the required pressure differences.6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus, to measure the
42、 testpressure difference within a tolerance of 62% or 62.5 Pa(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring System, to measure deflectionswithin a tolerance of 60.25 mm (60.01 in.).6.2.4.1 For Procedure A, any locations at which deflectionsare to be measured shall be st
43、ated by the specifier.6.2.4.2 For Procedure B, maximum and end deflections of atleast one of each type of principal member not directly andcontinuously supported by surrounding construction shall bemeasured. Additional locations for deflection measurements, ifrequired, shall be stated by the specifi
44、er.6.2.4.3 When deflections are to be measured, the deflectiongages shall be installed so that the deflections of the compo-nents can be measured without being influenced by possiblemovements of, or movements within, the specimen or membersupports.6.2.4.4 For proof load tests, permanent deformation
45、can bedetermined by the use of a straightedge-type gage applied tothe members after preloading and again after the test load hasbeen removed.7. Hazards7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in theevent of any failure. Considerable energy and hazard areinvolved at the pressures used in
46、this test method.(WarningAt the pressure used in this test method, consid-erable hazards are involved. Do not permit personnel innegative pressure chambers during tests.)8. Test Specimens8.1 Curtain wall test specimens shall be of sufficient sizeand configuration to determine the performance of all
47、typicalparts of the system and to provide full loading on each typicalvertical and horizontal framing member, including buildingcorner details and end joints, if applicable. For multistorysystems, the specimen height shall not be less than two fullbuilding stories plus the height necessary to includ
48、e at least onefull horizontal joint accommodating vertical expansion. Ifwater testing is to be performed on the test specimens, at leastone full horizontal joint accommodating vertical expansionshall be included and located in the bottom third of thespecimen. The specimen shall include all typical e
49、xpansionjoints, connections, anchorages, and supporting elements in-cluding those at the top, bottom, and both sides of thespecimen. Where the largest system or building wall is smallerthan that required herein, the largest system or full sizebuilding wall shall be tested. (See Figs. 2 and 3 for optionalspecimen configurations.)8.1.1 All parts of the curtain wall test specimen shall be fullsize, using the same materials, details and methods of construc-tion, and anchorage as used on the actual building.8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall simulate, asaccurately as p
