1、Designation: E 331 00Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors,and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air PressureDifference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3、1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doorsto water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor faceand exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static airpressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressu
4、re at theindoor face.1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area orto windows, skylights, or doors alone.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through amanufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may haveadv
5、erse effects on the performance of contained materials suchas sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test methoddoes not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure measurement.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be reg
6、arded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
7、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements see 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this tes
8、t method, see TerminologyE 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.2 test pressure difference, nthe specified difference instatic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixedspecimen expre
9、ssed as pascals (lbf/ft2).3.2.3 water penetration, npenetration of water beyond aplane parallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting theinnermost projection of the test specimen, not includinginterior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of airpressure difference across the
10、specimen. For products withnon-planer glazing surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, etc.) theplane defining water penetration is the plane defined by theinnermost edges of the unit frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a tes
11、t chamber, supplying air to orexhausting air from the chamber at the rate required tomaintain the test pressure difference across the specimen, whilespraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at therequired rate and observing any water penetration.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test metho
12、d is a standard procedure for determiningthe resistance to water penetration under uniform static airpressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting acrossa building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fullyconsidered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to beused.NO
13、TE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, note thatthe performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a functionof proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Bui
14、ldings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000 . Originallypublished as E 331 67. Last previous edition E 331 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.1Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expan-sion and contraction, etc. It is difficult
16、to simulate the identical complexwetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increas-ing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Somedesigns are more sensitive than others to this upward movi
17、ng water.NOTE 2This test method does not identify unobservable liquid waterwhich may penetrate into the test specimen.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general innature and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-ing the test procedure within the allowable toler
18、ances ispermitted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box with an open-ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which oragainst which the specimen is installed and sealed. At least onestatic pressure tap shall be provided to measure the chamberpressure, and
19、shall be so located that the reading is unaffectedby the velocity of the air supply to or from the chamber. The airsupply opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that theair does not impinge directly on the test specimen with anysignificant velocity. A means of access into the chamber maybe pr
20、ovided to facilitate adjustments and observations after thespecimen has been installed.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply, exhaust system, or reversible blower designed toprovide the required maximum air-pressure difference acrossthe specimen. The system must provide essenti
21、ally constantairflow at a fixed pressure for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%or62.5Pa (60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.4 Water-Spray SystemThe water-spray system shalldeliver wate
22、r uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m2min (5.0 U.S.gal/ft2h).6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spacedon a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the testspecimen, and shall be adjustable to provide the specifiedNOTE 1For a
23、 negative pressure system, the water-spray grid would be located outside the chamber and the air supply would be replaced by anair-exhaust system.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Water Leakage Apparatus Positive Chamber SystemE331002quantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the testspecim
24、en uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to waterpenetration. If additional nozzles are required to provideuniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, theyshall be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur atthe smal
25、l pressure differences applied in this test. Excessivepressure differences may occur, however, due to error inoperation or when the apparatus is used for other purposes suchas structural testing; therefore, exercise adequate precautions toprotect personnel.8. Test Specimen8.1 Test specimens shall be
26、 of sufficient size to determinethe performance of all typical parts of the fenestration system.For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabricated units,the specimen width shall be not less than two typical units plusthe connections and supporting elements at both sides, andsufficient to prov
27、ide full loading on at least one typical verticaljoint or framing member or both. The height shall be not lessthan the full building-story height or the height of the unit,whichever is greater, and shall include at least one fullhorizontal joint accommodating vertical expansion, such jointbeing at o
28、r near the bottom of the specimen, and all connec-tions at the top and bottom of the units.8.1.1 All parts of the test specimen shall be full size, usingthe same materials, details, and methods of construction andanchorage as used on the actual building.8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall b
29、e simulated asaccurately as possible.8.2 Window, skylight, door, or other component test speci-mens shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frameand anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building.8.2.1 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shall
30、be determined by the specifying authority.NOTE 3It should be recognized, especially with windows, that per-formance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore, selectspecimens covering the range of sizes to be used in a building. In general,the largest size of a particular design, ty
31、pe, construction, and configurationto be used should be tested.9. Calibration9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the require-ments of 6.2.4 shall be checked by using a catch box, the openface of which shall be located at the position of the face of thetest specimen. The calibration device
32、is illustrated in Fig. 2.The catch box shall be designed to receive only waterimpinging on the plane of the test specimen face and to excludeall run-off water from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30
33、in.) square to preventwater from entering the calibration box before and after thetimed observation interval. The water impinging on each areashall be captured separately. A spray that provides at least 1.26L/min (20 gal/h) total for the four areas and not less than 0.25L/min (4 gal/h) nor more than
34、 0.63 L/min (10 gal/h) in any onesquare shall be acceptable.9.1.1 The water-spray system shall be calibrated at bothupper corners and at the quarter point of the horizontal centerline (of the spray system). If a number of identical, contiguous,modular spray systems are used, only one module need bec
35、alibrated. The system shall be calibrated with the catch boxesat a distance within 650 mm (2 in.) of the test specimenlocation from the nozzle. The reference point for location of thespray system from the specimen shall be measured from theexterior glazing surface of the specimen farthest from the s
36、praysystem nozzles. The water spray shall be installed parallel tothe plane of the specimen. Recalibrate at intervals of not morethan six months.10. Information Required10.1 The test-pressure difference or differences at whichwater penetration is to be determined, unless otherwise speci-fied, shall
37、be 137 Pa (2.86 lbf/ft2).10.2 Unless otherwise specified, failure criteria of this testmethod shall be defined as water penetration in accordanceFIG. 2 Catch Box for Calibrating Water-Spray SystemE331003with 3.2.3. Failure also occurs whenever water penetratesthrough the perimeter frame of the test
38、specimen. Watercontained within drained flashing, gutters, and sills is notconsidered failure.11. Procedure11.1 Remove any sealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the assembly as installed in or on a building.Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening with theoutdoor
39、 side of the specimen facing both the high pressure sideof the chamber and the water spray, and in such a manner, thatno joints or openings are obstructed. Skylight specimens shallbe tested at the minimum angle from the horizontal for whichthey are designed to be installed. Seal the outer perimeter
40、of thespecimen to the chamber wall and seal at no other points.NOTE 4Nonhardening mastic compounds or pressure-sensitive tapecan be used effectively to seal the test specimen to the chamber opening,to seal the access door to the chamber, and to achieve airtightness in theconstruction of the chamber.
41、 These materials can be used to seal a separatemounting panel to the chamber. Rubber gaskets with clamping devicesmay also be used for this purpose provided that the gasket is highlyflexible and has a small contact edge.11.2 Without disturbing the seal between the specimen andthe test chamber, adjus
42、t all operable units included in the testspecimen so that their operation conforms to the specificationrequirements. Adjust all hardware for maximum tightnesswithout interfering with their operation.11.3 Submit each operable unit to five cycles of opening,closing, and locking prior to testing.11.4 A
43、djust the water spray to the specified rate.11.5 Apply the air-pressure difference within 15 s andmaintain this pressure, along with the specified rate of waterspray, for 15 min.11.6 Remove the air-pressure difference and stop the waterspray.11.7 Observe and record the points of water penetration, i
44、fany.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Date of test and date of report.12.1.2 Identification of the specimen (manufacturer, sourceof supply, dimensions, model, type, materials, and otherpertinent information).12.1.3 Detailed drawings of the specimen that provide adescription of
45、the physical characteristics including dimen-sioned section profiles, sash or door dimensions and arrange-ment, framing location, panel arrangement, installation andspacing of anchorage, weatherstripping, locking arrangement,hardware, sealants, glazing details, angle from the horizontalfor skylights
46、. and any other pertinent construction details. Anymodifications made on the specimen to obtain the reportedvalues shall be noted on the drawings.12.1.4 For window, skylight, and door components, a de-scription of the locking and operating mechanism.12.1.5 Identification of glass thickness and type,
47、 andmethod of glazing.12.1.6 Type or types of weatherstrip.12.1.7 A statement or tabulation of pressure difference ordifferences exerted across the specimen and temperature duringthe tests and water application rates during the test.12.1.8 A record of all points of water penetration on theindoor fac
48、e of the test specimen, and of water penetration asdefined in 3.2.3.12.1.9 When the tests are made to check the conformity ofthe specimen to a particular specification, an identification ordescription of that specification shall be included.12.1.10 A statement that the test or tests were conducted i
49、naccordance with this test method, or a complete description ofany deviations from this test method.12.2 If several identical specimens of a component aretested, the results for all specimens shall be reported, eachspecimen being properly identified, particularly with respect todistinguishing features or differing adjustments. A separatedrawing for each specimen shall not be required if all differ-ences between them are noted on the drawings provided.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No statement is made either on the precision or bias ofthis test method for measuring water
