1、Designation:E5591(Reapproved2005) Designation: E55 11Standard Practice forSampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys forDetermination of Chemical Composition1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originalado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.
3、 Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloysthat have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and
4、copper alloys.NOTE 1The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisitesto every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it
5、 was selected.1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted asrepresentative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintainedthrough each stage of the manufacturing pro
6、cess to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under theseconditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
7、associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:2E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical
8、Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition3. Terminology3.13.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology E135.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.13.2.1 po
9、rtion, nthe term “portion” is used in this practice to designate the selected pieces of material from which the sampleis prepared.3.1.23.2.2 sample, nthe term “sample” is used in this practice to designate the final form of the material submitted for analysis(drillings, millings, etc.).Arepresentati
10、ve sample is defined as a small part containing the same ingredients in the same proportionsas they occur in the original lot or lots of material.4. Selection of Portion4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or order shall be selected at random for the final sample. These portions shallb
11、e so taken that minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.4.2 Quantities of material withdrawn for sampling shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM standard covering thatparticular material.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
12、ttee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, their Alloys, and Related Metals.Current edition approved Oct.Feb. 1, 2005.2011. Published October 2005.February 2011. Originally approved in 194
13、6. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 asE55 91 (20015). DOI: 10.1520/E0055-91R05.10.1520/E0055-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stand
14、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurate
15、ly, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
16、4.3 When portions are to be withdrawn from finished material, it is recommended that arrangements be made for excess lengthor amount of material to provide the necessary samples for inspection purposes.4.4 Broken tension test specimens may be used conveniently in place of specially selected portions
17、 when such practice isagreeable to the purchaser.5. Preparation of Sample5.1 Samples of material too thin to be handled conveniently for machining (drilling, milling, etc.) may be prepared by clipping.Usually clippings would be limited to material thinner than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.). Drillings, sawings
18、, or millings shall be taken frommaterial of heavier gage.5.2 Rods, bars, plates, shapes, tubes, and pipes shall be sampled by milling the entire cross-section or by drilling entirelythrough the material at several points along their length. Sheets and strips may be folded once or more, by bringing
19、the endstogether and closing the bend; the portion may then be milled on the inside sheared edges or drilled entirely through the flat surface.For the lighter gages, several portions may be taken and stacked together before folding.5.3 Equal weights of drillings, millings, sawings, or clippings shal
20、l be taken from each piece representing the lot of material,and these shall be combined into one sample and thoroughly mixed.5.4 In some cases a complete section of the selected portions may be required for spectrographicspectrometric examination.Sections may therefore be taken and properly marked b
21、efore using the remainder of the portions for sampling operations; suchsections may be supplied, together with the milled, drilled, or sawed sample, at the request of the purchaser.6. Details of Sampling6.1 The portions selected for the preparation of samples for chemical analysis, when testing for
22、conformance with specifications,shall be clean and free from scale, dirt, oil, grease, etc. If necessary, the portions may be cleaned in ethyl ether or acetone, rinsedin ethanol, and dried before sampling. Scale and dirt may be removed by suitable mechanical or chemical treatment of the metal;if che
23、mical methods of cleaning are used, however, such operations should not alter the metal surface in any way. When testingfor pounds of metal contained, as in the sale of scrap, these provisions do not apply as a general rule.6.2 The saw, drill, cutter or other tools used for sampling shall be thoroug
24、hly cleaned prior to use. Depth of cut, speed of cutting,etc., shall be so regulated that excessive heating and consequent oxidation of the sample shall be avoided.6.3 The chips obtained by milling, drilling, etc., should be uniformly small in size, particularly when such samples are to beused for s
25、pectrographicspectrometric analyses or for special chemical determinations requiring a relatively finely divided sample.Very fine dust-like material should be avoided. To facilitate the preparations of chips of satisfactory size, V-shape chip-breakinggrooves may be formed in the cutting edge of the
26、tool by grinding or other convenient means at approximately right angles to thecutting edge. The spacing of the grooves may vary depending upon the tool and would have to be determined for each application.The grooves in adjacent cutting edges should be staggered.6.4 Lubricants are not required in t
27、he sampling of the majority of wrought metals and alloys. With certain refractory alloys,lubrication may be necessary either to avoid excessive oxidation of the sample, to reduce power requirements, or to save labor andtime. In such cases, the use and choice of a satisfactory lubricant should be by
28、mutual agreement between the manufacturer andthe purchaser. Lubricants should be selected that do not alter or change the composition of the sample during contact. Lubricantsshould be completely removed as soon as possible after the sampling operation by the use of suitable solvents, such as ethyl e
29、theror acetone, followed by a final rinse in ethanol and drying.6.5 Drillings, millings, sawings, or clippings of nonmagnetic, nonferrous alloys shall be carefully treated with a strong magnetto remove any particles of iron introduced in taking the sample. Contamination of this kind should be avoide
30、d as much as possibleby the use of suitable cutting tools, such as those made of carbide. In the case of some metals, an acid dip may be required if lowiron is critical.6.6 Drillings, millings, sawings, or clippings shall be carefully examined, and any foreign material accidentally introduced intaki
31、ng the sample shall be removed.7. Size of Sample and Storage7.1 The prepared sample shall weigh three times the amount required for the analysis and shall be divided into three equal parts,each of which shall be placed in a package and sealed, one for the seller, one for the purchaser, and one for a
32、n umpire, if necessary.7.2 Samples that are to be stored over long periods, or that are oxidized readily or otherwise altered in composition undervarying atmospheric conditions, or that may become seriously contaminated in contact with paper or cardboard, should be keptin wide-mouth glass bottles of
33、 approximately 56-g (2-oz) capacity, having tight-fitting screw caps of metal or, preferably, plasticcomposition. In other cases tight, leak-proof, paper sample envelopes or cardboard cartons may be used to hold the sample.8. Resampling8.1 In the case of dissatisfaction, either party may require tha
34、t the material be resampled in the presence of representatives ofthe seller and the purchaser. The thoroughly mixed sample shall be divided into three equal parts, each of which shall be placedin a package and sealed, one for the seller, one for the purchaser, and one for an umpire, if necessary.E55
35、1129. Keywords9.1 alloys; sampling; wrought nonferrous metalsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p
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37、ither for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fai
38、r hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E55113
