1、Designation: E 69 02 Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forCombustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Fire-TubeApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 69; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers fire-tube test procedures for firetests for combustible properties of wood treat
3、ed to reduceflammability. This test method relates to properties of treatedwood, as such, rather than to the performance of a fabricationused as an element of construction. Performance under this testmethod shall be as prescribed in requirements applicable tomaterials intended for specific uses.1.2
4、This test method is a fire-test-response standard.1.3 The SI values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory con
5、ditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an ass
6、essment of the firehazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
7、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsE 176 Terminology of Fire Standards3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminologies D 9 and E 176.4. Significanc
8、e and Use4.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a relativemeasurement of the combustibility of fire-retardant-treatedwood specimens based on their percentage loss in weight undercontrolled fire exposure conditions (1).3In addition, otherpossible data include rate of weight loss, time of f
9、laming andafterglowing, increase in temperature, and maximum verticalflame progress.4.2 This test method is not sufficiently large scale toevaluate the suitability of a given treated product for buildingconstruction, but it is a convenient method to use for purposesof development or as a quality-con
10、trol test during manufacture.4.3 This test method gives a procedure for sampling andpreparation of test specimens from a lot of treated material inwhich complete penetration is a requirement. A procedure isalso given for the sampling of charges at a treating plant forpurposes of quality control of t
11、he treatment process.4.4 This test method has proven useful for evaluatingcomparative fire performance effectiveness of fire-retardantchemicals and treatment formulations for wood and woodproducts (2-5).4.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to oneor more specific sets of laboratory te
12、st conditions. If differenttest conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-useconditions are changed, it may not be possible by or from thistest method to predict changes in the fire-test-response char-acteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only forthe fire test exposure condi
13、tions described in this procedure.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus for conducting the fire-tube test shallconsist of the fire-tube assembly and accessory equipment asfollows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.07
14、on Fire Performance ofWood.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyap-proved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 69 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
16、-2959, United States.5.1.1 Fire-Tube AssemblyA specially constructed balancedesigned to indicate directly the percentage loss of weightsuffered by the test specimen when exposed to a standardizedflame for a given duration. Essential construction details of theapparatus assembly are shown in Fig. 1 a
17、nd Fig. 2.5.1.2 Igniting BurnerThe igniting burner is to be of thelow-form (curved-stem) bunsen type, having an inside tubediameter of38 in. (9.5 mm) and attached to a ring-standsupport. The igniting burner shall be provided with a device tomaintain a constant gas flow, as described in 5.1.2.1 and t
18、heflame calibration, as required by 9.4.5.1.2.1 Gas Flow DeviceTypical devices utilized to con-trol gas flow are manometers, pressure regulators or gasflowmeters with a rating of 0 to 5 SCFH (0 to 142 L/h). A gasflowmeter is desirable since they are readily available, veryaccurate, and inexpensive.5
19、.1.3 Temperature-Indicating ApparatusA thermometeror thermocouple equipment that will indicate temperatures upto 1000F (538C).5.1.4 TimerA timing device capable of being read tominutes and seconds.5.1.5 BalanceA balance with readability of 0.1 g andsuitable for weighing test specimens and moisture-c
20、ontentsamples.5.1.6 OvenA suitable thermostatically controlled oven formoisture-content determinations.6. Sampling and Test Specimens for Wood ImpregnatedThroughout Entire Section6.1 For interior trim or other lumber requiring penetration oftreating solution throughout the section (but not for wood
21、givenincomplete penetration), the test specimens shall be preparedas follows:6.1.1 At least one sample shall be taken from the lot for each5000 bd ft or fraction thereof. Different species, and pieces ofthe same species with widely different thicknesses, shall beconsidered as separate lots and sampl
22、ed accordingly. Thesamples shall be selected so as to include material fromdifferent sections of a finished unit or different lengths offinished trim, or to include variations such as heartwood orsapwood, rate of growth, density, and other visible nonunifor-mities. Samples shall be cut not closer th
23、an 2 ft (0.6 m) fromthe ends of treated boards.6.1.2 Not less than five tests shall be made from eachsample, except that where the quantity is less than 2000 bd ftthe number of tests shall be left to the discretion of the testingauthority but shall be not less than two.FIG. 1 Construction Details of
24、 Fire-Tube ApparatusInch-Pound Units SI Units Inch-Pound Units SI Units18 in. 3 mm 4916 in. 116 mm14 in. 6 mm 434 in. 121 mm38 in. 9.5 mm 512 in. 140 mm34 in. 19 mm 6 in. 152 mm1 in. 25 mm 8 in. 203 mm114 in. 31.7 mm 28 in. 711 mm112 in. 38 mm 33 in. 838 mm3 in. 76 mm 38 in. 965 mm312 in. 89 mm 4 ft
25、 6 in. 1.35 m4716 in. 113 mmE 69 02 Reapproved 2007)26.1.3 The standard specimens cut from the selected samplesshall be38 by34 in. (9.5 by 19 mm) in cross section by 40 in.(1016 mm) in length, with surfaces smooth-sawed to dimen-sions within 6132 in. (0.8 mm). Each test specimen shallconsist of one
26、piece sawed the full 40-in. length or shall bemade up of several shorter pieces joined at squared ends withsix small wire staples at each joint to give a combined lengthof 40 in.6.1.4 From samples taken from boards having thicknessesof34 in. (19 mm) or more, the specimen shall be prepared bycutting3
27、8 by34-in. (9.5 by 19-mm) pieces longitudinally, notnearer than38 in. from the edge of the sample, and so that theface of the sample appears as one, or both, of the38-in. edgesof the specimen; provided, however, that if the thickness of thesample exceeds 112 in. (38 mm) an additional test specimensh
28、all be cut from the center of the piece with the38-in. edgeparallel to the edge of the sample.6.1.5 From samples taken from boards having thicknessesof38 in. (9.5 mm) or more but less than34 in. (19 mm), thespecimen shall be prepared by cutting38 by34-in. pieceslongitudinally not nearer than38 in. f
29、rom the edge of the sameand so that the face of the sample appears as one, or both, ofthe34-in. faces of the specimen.6.1.6 When the material to be tested is less than38 in. (9.5mm) in thickness, a specimen built up in laminated form withplies of approximately equal thickness is acceptable. The plie
30、sshall be dressed smooth and assembled by nailing with38-in.steel-wire brads (No. 20 Bwg, 0.035-in. nominal thickness).The weight of nails used shall be recorded for correction of theweight of the specimen.6.1.7 A composite specimen prepared from more than onesample piece shall be taken so as to be
31、representative of theaverage quality of the materials to be tested.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Where arrangements are made for sampling of eachcharge at the treating plant, the specimens shall be obtained asfollows:7.1.1 No charge shall contain less than six sample pieces.These sample pieces s
32、hall be of Douglas fir or of the samespecies and commodity (lumber, plywood, and so forth) ofwood as the rest of the material in the charge. Each sampleshall bear an identification mark.7.1.2 Placement of sample pieces in the material to betreated on a tram shall be representative of the averageexpo
33、sure to the treating solution and yet be accessible for readyremoval without seriously disturbing the loading.7.1.3 Sample pieces shall be38 by34 6132 in. (9.5 by 19 60.8 mm) in cross section and be at least 42 in. (1.1 m) in length.7.1.4 Fire-tube test specimens shall be cut from each se-lected sam
34、ple and shall be 40 in. (1.016 m) in length, within6132 in. (0.8 mm). The remainder of the sample 2-in. (51-mm)or greater in length shall be cut off for moisture test specimens.8. Conditioning8.1 The moisture content of the specimen when tested shallbe 7 6 3 weight % of the dry material. Make the mo
35、isturedetermination for each specimen on a piece38 by34 in. (9.5 by19 mm) in cross section and 2 to 8 in. (51 to 203 mm) in length,cut adjacent to one end of the specimens. Weigh the moisturetest specimen and the fire tube test specimen to the nearest 0.1g or less and record. Dry the moisture test s
36、pecimen for 24 h at212 6 3F (100 6 1.7C) or until a constant weight isachieved. Constant weight is achieved when readings are taken2 h apart and agree within 0.2 %. Calculate the moisturecontent as follows:X 5 Wi2 WOD#/WOD3 100 (1)where:X = moisture content of the moisture test specimen, %,Wi= initi
37、al weight of the moisture sample, andWOD= oven dry weight of the moisture sample.If the moisture content exceeds 10 %, condition the fire tubetest sample or prepared specimen by drying at temperatures notexceeding 160F (71C) until the moisture content is within theprescribed limits of 4 to 10 %. If
38、the moisture content of thespecimen is less than 4 %, the moisture content can beincreased by storing the specimen on a wire screen placed overa pan of water. If not tested immediately, store the specimen,after conditioning, in such a manner as to prevent absorption orloss of water.8.2 Calculate the
39、 weight to which the fire tube test specimenmust be conditioned to contain 10 % moisture as follows:Wt5 110/100 1 X!#3 Wo(2)where:FIG. 2 Assembly of Fire-Tube Apparatus for Procedure AE 69 02 Reapproved 2007)3Wt= desired weight of the fire tube test specimen contain-ing 10 % moisture at time of test
40、,Wo= original weight of the fire tube test specimen beforeconditioning, andX = moisture content of the moisture test specimen, %.NOTE 1If, for example, X = 15 % and the Wo= 145 g, the specimenwould be dried to a weight of 0.96 Woor 138.7 g to contain 10 %moisture.8.3 Calculate the weight to which th
41、e fire tube test specimenmust be conditioned to contain 4 % moisture as follows:Wt5 104/100 1 X!# 3 Wo(3)where Wtis the desired weight of the fire tube test specimencontaining 4 % moisture at time of test.9. Procedure A9.1 Use Procedure A where a continuous check on thepercentage loss of weight of s
42、pecimens during exposure to theflame is to be made.9.2 Conduct the test either in a room free of violent drafts orin a laboratory hood.9.3 Adjust the temperature probe so that the tip of thethermometer or thermocouple is flush with and in the center ofthe top plane of the test apparatus.9.4 Adjustme
43、nt of BurnerPlace the burner within theempty fire tube, so that the top of the burner is 1 in. (25 mm)below a 40 in. (1.02 m) fire tube specimen hung in place witha14 in. (6 mm) cup hook. Adjust the burner and gas regulatorto give a blue flame approximately 11 in. (279 mm) in height,with a tall indi
44、stinct inner cone. Regulate the flame further toproduce a temperature of 356 6 9F (180 6 5C) at the top ofthe fire tube. This setting should be maintained for at least 1min to be sure that the flame has stabilized. When theadjustment is satisfactory, withdraw the lighted burner from thefire tube.9.5
45、 Adjustment of Fire-Tube Weighing ApparatusAfterensuring that the beam and fire tube swing freely on theirrespective knife edges, adjust the apparatus (Note 2) as followsso that the end of the pointer comes to rest:9.5.1 At the 100 % mark on the loss-of-weight chart whenthe previously warmed fire tu
46、be is empty except for a screwhook used for suspending the specimen, and9.5.2 At the 0 % mark when the fire tube contains thesuspended specimen.NOTE 2Adjustment 7.4.1 is made by suitable manipulation of thecounter-weights R and T (Fig. 1), with Rod S forming an angle ofapproximately 45 with the vert
47、ical. Adjustment 7.4.2 is made byappropriately raising or lowering Chart C. To obtain both adjustments withabnormally heavy or light specimens it may be necessary to rotate Rod Smore toward the horizontal or vertical position or to change the positionof Weight U. The knife edges of the beam will ope
48、rate most satisfactorilywhen the pointer indicates 50 on the chart with the beam in anapproximately horizontal position.9.6 Exposure of Test SpecimenInsert the lighted burnerwithin the fire tube so that the top of the burner is 1 in. (25 mm)below the lower extremity of the specimen with the standard
49、-ized flame centered on the specimen. Apply the flame to thetest specimen for 4 min after which withdraw it from the firetube.9.7 ObservationsRecord at12-min intervals the percent-age loss of weight suffered by the test specimen, as indicatedby the end of the pointer on the percentage-loss-of-weightchart, until the loss of weight for a 1-min period does notexceed 1 %. The percentage loss of weight shall be considereda measure of the combustibility of the specimen.NOTE 3Char that breaks away from the specimen during
