1、Designation: E 72 05Standard Test Methods ofConducting Strength Tests of Panels for BuildingConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONSound engineering design of structures using
3、 existing or new materials requires accurate technicaldata on the strength and rigidity of the basic elements employed in various construction systems. It isthe purpose of these test methods to provide a systematic basis for obtaining engineering data onvarious construction elements and structural d
4、etails of value to designers, builders, building officials,and others interested in this field. The results should closely approximate the performance in actualservice.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the following procedures fordetermining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor,an
5、d roof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 3Loading 4Deformation Measurements 5Reports 6Precision and Accuracy 7TESTING WALLSSignificance and Use 8Compressive Load 9Tensile Load 10Transverse LoadSpecimen Horizontal 11Transverse LoadSpecimen Vertical 12Concentrated Load 13Impact LoadSee Test Methods
6、E 695 andE 661Racking LoadEvaluation of SheathingMaterials on a Standard Wood Frame14Racking LoadEvaluation of SheathingMaterials (Wet) on a Standard WoodFrame15TESTING FLOORSSignificance and Use 16Transverse Load 17Concentrated Load 18Impact LoadSee Test Methods E 695 andE 661TESTING ROOFSSectionSi
7、gnificance and Use 19Transverse Load 20Concentrated Load 21APPENDIXTechnical Interpretation Appendix X11.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verifi
8、cation of Testing MachinesE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE 564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance ofFramed Walls for BuildingsE 575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE 661 Test Me
9、thod for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Impact LoadsE 695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Constructions to Impact LoadingE 2322 Test Method for Conducting Traverse and Concen-trated Load Tests on Panels us
10、ed in Floor and RoofConstruction3. Test Specimens3.1 SizeThere shall be at least three specimens for eachtest. Specimens shall be constructed to represent sections of the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility
11、of Subcommittee E 06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 72 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
12、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.w
13、all, floor, or roof assembly. The specimens shall be represen-tative as to material and workmanship and shall be of thelargest practical size to predict structural performance at-tributes of the assembly. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall betested in each axis for which the results may be different.3.2
14、 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen foreach element shall be chosen to conform to the length or heightof that element in actual use.3.3 WidthThe width of specimen shall be chosen, insofaras possible, to include several of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior u
15、nder load will simulatethat under service conditions. With the exception of specimensfor the racking load test, the nominal width of wall specimensshall be 1.2 m (4 ft). The actual width of specimens shall be awhole number multiplied by the spacing of the principalload-carrying members except for pr
16、efabricated panels, forwhich the actual width shall be the width of panel used. If thestructural properties of a particular construction are to becompared with another construction, there should not be agreat difference in the actual widths of the specimens.3.4 AgeConstructions, such as concrete and
17、 masonry(brick, structural clay tile, concrete block) for which thestructural properties depend upon the age of the specimen,shall be tested not less than 25 days nor more than 31 days afterfabrication. This age requirement applies also to plastered andstuccoed constructions.4. Loading4.1 ApparatusT
18、he testing machine or load-measuring ap-paratus shall comply with the requirements prescribed inMethods E4.4.2 Application of LoadApply the load to all of thespecimens in any test in increments so chosen that a sufficientnumber of readings will be obtained to determine definitely theload-deformation
19、 curve (see Section 6). Record the initialreading of the load and the reading of the deformation, eitherwith no load on the specimen or under a small initial load.Increase the load to the first increment and record the defor-mation. Unless otherwise specified, decrease the load to theinitial load an
20、d record the set (sometimes designated “perma-nent set”). Increase the load to two increments and record theset, when it is released to the initial load. Follow this sequenceof readings for three increments, four increments, and so forth,of load. When for each specimen the behavior of the specimenun
21、der load indicates that the specimen might fail suddenly anddamage the deformation-measuring apparatus, remove thisapparatus from the specimen and increase the load continu-ously until the maximum load that can be applied to thespecimen is determined.4.3 Duration of Load ApplicationExcept for rackin
22、g tests,after each increment of load is applied, maintain the load levelas constant as possible for a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Takedeformation readings as soon as practical after load applica-tion, at the end of the 5-min period under constant load, andimmediately and at the end of the 5-min pe
23、riod after any partialor complete load release. Plot initial and 5-min readings in theform of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation-time records throughout the test. If application ofa given load is required for a certain period, such as 24 h, takedeformation readings at the be
24、ginning, at intervals during thisperiod, and at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactoryplotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reasons for the 5-min application of constant-level incrementloads are as follows:(1) To permit the assembly to come to a substantial re
25、st prior to takingthe second set of readings (Depending on the method employed forapplying the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate,the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant loadlevel during the 5-min period.)(2) To provide sufficient time for making
26、 all observations. (Longer timeintervals may be required under certain conditions.)(3) To observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution,or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayedload-
27、deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions,have an important bearing on the design load.(4) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to totalfailure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of theobservations.(5) To assure uniformity in te
28、st performance and consistency in testresults.5. Deformation Measurements5.1 Measure the deformations with sufficient precision todefine the load-deformation relationship, and report at least tothe nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). The deformation-measuringapparatus specified for any loading may be replac
29、ed by otherapparatus, provided that it permits readings of deformation thatare equivalent in accuracy to those from the specified appara-tus.6. Reports6.1 Show the results of each of the tests graphically, asillustrated in Fig. 1. Plot loads as ordinates and the deforma-tions as abscissas for all te
30、sts. There shall be at least threespecimens for each test, and the results for each test shall beshown on the same graph. Show the points for deformationunder load by open circles and those for set by solid circles.Average the three values for either the deformation or the setand plot this average v
31、alue in pencil on the graph. Draw aFIG. 1 Typical Graph Showing ResultsE72052smooth curve among the average points to show the averagebehavior of the construction. The load-deformation curvesshall be continuous lines and the load-set curves shall bedashed lines. Although the particular specimen for
32、each pointon the graph is not designated, record it on the laboratory datasheets. If readings are obtained under greater loads for somespecimens than for others, plot all the values, but draw thecurves only to the average values for which there are threevalues.6.2 Prepare the test report in accordan
33、ce with PracticeE 575.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made either on the precision or on thebias of these test methods due to the variety of materials andcombinations of materials involved.TESTING WALLS8. Significance and Use8.1 The procedures described are those that will test thebehavior
34、of segments of wall construction under conditionsrepresentative of those encountered in service. Performancecriteria based on data from those procedures can ensurestructural adequacy and service life.9. Compressive Load9.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three likespecimens, each having a heigh
35、t equal to the length of theelement and a nominal width of 1.2 m (4 ft) (see Section 3).9.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled as shownin Fig. 2 and shall conform to the detailed requirements forcomponent parts prescribed in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2, or the equiva-lent.9.2.1 CompressometerA bracket sh
36、all be attached to thespecimen near the upper end, supporting a metal rod.Abracketshall also be attached to the specimen near its lower end,supporting a deflectionmeasuring device with the spindle upand the gage length shall be recorded. The conical end of therod shall seat in a hole in the end of t
37、he spindle and the rod andspindle shall be held in contact by stretched rubber bands. Thedeflectionmeasuring device shall be graduated to 0.025 mm(0.001 in.) or less.9.2.2 DeflectometerA fine wire shall be attached to aclamp near the upper end of the specimen. The free endconnected to stretched rubb
38、er bands shall be attached to aclamp near the lower end of the specimen. A mirror having apaper scale one-half the width of the mirror shall be attachedhorizontally to the edge of the specimen at midheight. Thescale shall be graduated to 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) or less.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 LoadingTest the s
39、pecimen as a column having a flatend at the bottom (Fig. 2). Apply compressive loads to a steelplate covering the upper end of the specimen. Apply the loaduniformly along a line parallel to the inside face, and one-thirdthe thickness of the specimen from the inside face. For woodconstruction, a rate
40、 of loading corresponding to a movement ofthe testing machine crosshead of nominally 0.8 mm/min (0.03in./min) has been found satisfactory.9.3.2 Load-Deformation DataAttach four compressom-eters to the faces of the specimen, one near each corner of thespecimen as shown in Fig. 2, to measure the short
41、ening of thespecimen. Record the readings to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001in.).9.3.3 Lateral DeflectionAttach two deflectometers, one toeach edge of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 2. Record thereadings, when the image of the wire coincides with the wire,to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).9.4 Calculatio
42、ns and Report:9.4.1 DeformationFor each compressometer, calculate theshortening under each load as the difference between thereading of the compressometer when the load is applied and theinitial reading. Calculate the shortening of the specimen as theFIG. 2 Compressive Load Test on Wall SpecimenE720
43、53average of the shortenings for each of the four compressom-eters multiplied by the ratio: specimen length divided by thecompressometer gage length. Obtain the sets in a similarmanner.9.4.2 Lateral DeflectionCalculate the lateral deflectionand the lateral set under each load for each deflectometer
44、as thedifference between the reading of the deflectometer when theload is applied and the initial reading. Calculate the lateraldeflection and lateral set for the specimen as the average of thelateral deflection and lateral set of the two deflectometers.9.4.3 Data PresentationRecord the maximum load
45、 foreach specimen and report the results of load-deformation andload-deflection measurements in the form of a graph inaccordance with Section 6. Report gage lengths of all deflec-tion or deformation gages.10. Tensile Load10.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on three likespecimens, each having a he
46、ight equal to the length of theelement and a nominal width of 1.2 m (4 ft) (see Section 3).10.2 ApparatusThe apparatus preferably shall be as-sembled in a vertical testing machine and shall conform to thedetailed requirements for component parts prescribed in 9.2.1and 9.2.2, or the equivalent, with
47、the exception that thecompressometers prescribed in 9.2.1 shall be replaced byextensometers which shall be like the compressometers but soadjusted before load is applied that the stretch of the specimencan be measured.10.3 Procedure:10.3.1 LoadingTest the specimen as a tension specimenby uniform app
48、lication of tensile forces along the line of thefastenings at the top and the bottom of the wall in a building.The top and bottom pulling fixtures may be attached to thespecimen by fastenings similar to those used in a building,provided that, under the maximum load, failure of the speci-men occurs b
49、etween the top and the bottom of the specimen,not in either the pulling fixtures or the fastenings. If, under thetensile load, failure occurs either in a pulling fixture or in afastening, the results of the test determine only the propertiesof the fixtures or the fastenings, not of the wall construction.When the failure occurs in fastenings, the tensile load indicatesthe maximum tensile strength of the construction that can berealized in actual service unless improved fastenings areprovided.10.3.1.1 Masonry ConstructionsThe construction may becontinued u
