1、Designation: E1003 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forHydrostatic Leak Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the testing of components for leaksby pressurizing them inside with a liquid.1.2 This practice can be used on piping, valves
3、, and con-tainers with welded or fitted sections which can be sealed attheir ends and which are designed for internal pressure.1.3 Basic procedures are described based on the type ofinspection used. These procedures should be limited to findingleakage indications of 4.5 109mol/s (1 104Std cm3/s)2orl
4、arger.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any
5、, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationall
6、y recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E543 Specifica
7、tion for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASNT Documents:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personal Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestruc
8、tive Testing Personnel42.3 AIA Standard:5NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, see Terminology E1316, Section E.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Hydrostatic testing requires that a component be com-
9、pletely filled with a liquid, such as water. Pressure is slowlyapplied to the liquid until the required pressure is reached. Thispressure is held for the required time at which point thecomponent is inspected visually to locate leaks or the pressureon the gauge is recorded to determine the component
10、s totalleakage.4.2 The two basic procedures are described together withmethods for improving their sensitivity.4.2.1 Pressure Drop IndicationThis procedure is usedprimarily to measure total system leakage.4.2.2 Visual Inspection for Leakage This procedure isintended primarily to locate leaks.4.3 Ult
11、rasonic pretesting for gross leaks is described.5. Basis of Application5.1 The following items are subject to contractual agree-ment between the parties using or referencing this practice:5.2 Personnel Qualification5.2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement. Personnelperforming examinations to
12、this practice shall be qualified inaccordance with a nationally or internationally recognizedNDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 on Le
13、akTesting Method.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1003 - 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1003-13R18.2The gas temperature is referenced to 0C. To convert to another gas referencetemperature, Tref, multiply the leak ra
14、te by (Tref+ 273) 273.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available fromAmerican Society for Non
15、destructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington, VA22209-3928, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
16、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recomme
17、ndations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1ANSI/ASNT CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or similar docu-ment and certified by the employer or certifying agency, asapplicable. The practice or standard used and its applicablerevision shall be identified in th
18、e contractual agreement.5.3 Qualification of Nondestructive AgenciesIf specifiedin the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualifiedand evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicableedition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractualagreement.5.4 Re-examination of Repair
19、ed/Reworked ItemsRe-examination of repaired/reworked items is not addressed in thispractice, they shall be specified in the contractual agreement.6. Significance and Use6.1 This practice is useful for quality control testing andfield inspection of piping systems, pipelines, valves, andcontainers tha
20、t are expected to retain liquids. It is not sensitiveenough for leak testing when toxic or explosive gas is expectedto be retained under pressure.7. Interferences7.1 The interior and exterior welds and joints where leaksare often found must be free of oil, grease, flux, slag, or othercontaminants th
21、at might temporarily block or mask leakage.New systems should be tested prior to painting, where practi-cal.7.2 Hydrostatic testing should not be performed before aleak test using air or a tracer gas. The liquid test media mayclog small leaks causing later tests to be inaccurate.7.3 Test liquid must
22、 be equal or above atmosphere tempera-ture or droplets will form on the outside. The minimumtemperature of the liquid should be 16C (61F).7.4 If the container to be tested has parts made of stainlesssteel, nickel, or chromium alloys, the liquid or any additivesused must have a sulfur and halogen con
23、tent of less than 50ppm of each. If water is used as a test fluid it should bedeionized.7.5 To avoid brittle fracture, the test pressure must not beapplied until the metal and the test fluid are approximately thesame temperature. The metal should be a minimum of 16C(61F) prior to the application of
24、pressure.7.6 If a test liquid other than water is used, the liquids flashpoint should be 93C (200F) or above.7.7 If plastic parts are used in the test container, the fluidshould not promote stress cracking or softening on the plastic.7.8 When the test container has carbon steel components, arust inh
25、ibitor should be used.8. Apparatus8.1 Pressure GaugeThe gauge must be able to withstandnormal test pressures and be accurate enough to record smallpressure drops. Pressure gauges should be calibrated beforeeach test. The gauge must be accurate to within 1 % of fullscale. The gauge must read at least
26、 1.5 but not more than4 the maximum test pressure to be used. (See TerminologyE1316 for a description of terms.)8.2 Pressure Relief Valve.8.3 Pressure Alarm.8.4 Emergency Pressure Shut-Off Valve.8.5 Trapped Air Vent.8.6 Pressure Pump.8.7 Liquid Test Media.8.8 Pressure Hoses and Fittings.8.9 Protecti
27、on Chamber for High-Pressure Tests.9. General Procedures9.1 Openings:9.1.1 Seal all openings using plugs or covers that canwithstand the test pressure and can be completely removedafter the test.9.1.2 The test fluid inlet should be located on the bottom ofthe test object with the trapped air vent at
28、 the highest point.9.1.3 Components rated at pressures below the test pressuremust be isolated.9.2 GaugesOne or more test gauges must be connected tothe system. If more than one gauge is used, one may be arecording gauge. At least one gauge which is used for accep-tance of the test shall be calibrat
29、ed within 30 days prior to use.One indicating gauge must be easily visible to the operatorcontrolling the pressure throughout the pressurizing and testingcycle.9.3 Pre-Test Inspection:9.3.1 Before pressurizing is begun, inspect the outside of thetest object to verify that it is dry and all welds and
30、 connectorsare exposed if a visual inspection is to be conducted.9.3.2 Securely brace critical areas that may not be able towithstand the weight.9.4 PressurizingGradually increase the pressure in thesystem to 50 % of test pressure and make an initial check forleakage. Thereafter slowly increase the
31、pressure to the final testpressure. The test pressure usually is between 75 % and 150 %of the operating design pressure.9.5 Leak Test:9.5.1 At the completion of test pressure holding time,examine the system for leakage. Examination for leakage shallbe made of all accessible joints and connections, a
32、ttachmentwelds where practical, and weep holes for paddings andattachments. Also inspect the area around inaccessible leakagesites.9.5.2 The inspector shall circle all accessible leaks found onthe equipment using a nondeleterious marker. The magnitudeof leak shall be described in terms of: damp or m
33、oist area,drops per minute or steady stream.9.6 DepressurizingAfter inspection release the pressureslowly. The air vents need to be opened during draining toadmit air and prevent collapsing of the test system.10. Pressure Drop Method10.1 Pressurize the system in accordance with Section 8.E1003 13 (2
34、018)210.2 After reaching full pressure check the system to makesure all trapped air has been removed.10.3 Disconnect the pressure pump and allow the pressurein the system to stabilize for a period of 10 min or 5 % of thetest time whichever is longer.10.4 After stabilization, record the exact pressur
35、e and moni-tor during the test period.10.5 Sensitivity:10.5.1 Sensitivity for this type of test using water as the testfluid is normally 4.5 107mol/s (1 102Std cm3/s)2.10.5.2 By lengthening the test period, results can often beimproved to 4.5 108mol/s (1 103Std cm3/s)2.10.5.3 Sensitivity increases t
36、o 4.5 108mol/s (1 103Std cm3/s)2can be achieved when the test fluids resistance toflow is decreased by use of a water additive and an alternativetest fluid, such as a penetrant.11. Visual Inspection Method11.1 Pressurize the system in accordance with the proce-dures in Section 8.11.2 After reaching
37、test pressure, inspect the outside sur-faces for leakage.11.2.1 Test pressure should be held for a minimum of 6min/cm (1.5 min/in.) of wall thickness. As a minimum the testpressure should be held for 10 min and the maximum timeshould be limited to 2 h.11.2.2 If the system is not intended to operate
38、under steadypressure, pulse the pressure in the system one or more timesafter each complete inspection cycle by dropping the pressureto 50 % of final test pressure and bringing it back to testpressure.11.2.3 If the outside of the system is covered by insulationwhich is not removed, increase the test
39、 time by a factor of 10,to a maximum of 4 h.11.3 Sensitivity:11.3.1 Normal sensitivity for visual inspection using deion-ized or distilled water as the test fluid is 4.5 107mol/s(1102Std cm3/s)2.11.3.2 Sensitivity can be improved to 4.5 108mol/s(1103Std cm3/s)2by using products to enhance leakagevis
40、ibility as follows:11.3.2.1 Water developer applied to outside which changescolor in contact with moisture.11.3.2.2 Visible dye tracer added to the test water.11.3.2.3 Fluorescent dye tracer added to the test water.11.3.3 Sensitivity can be improved to 4.5 108mol/s(1103Std cm3/s)2by lowering the res
41、istance to test liquidflow at the interface between the fluid and the leak by using awater additive and an alternate test fluid, such as a penetrant.11.3.4 By combining a visibility enhancer and low resis-tance to flow, sensitivity of the test can be improved to4.5109mol/s (1 104Std cm3/s)2.12. Pret
42、est to Locate Gross Leaks12.1 This test can be applied to the system prior to hydro-static testing to locate leaks larger than 4.5 107mol/s(1102Std cm3/s)2and as a precautionary procedure to savetime.12.2 Ultrasonic Test:12.2.1 Use air, nitrogen, or other nonflammable gas as a testmedium.12.2.2 Pres
43、surize the system with the gas gradually to 50 %of design pressure.Aminimum pressure is 170 kPa (25 psi) forthis test.12.2.3 Inspect all joints and connections and welds with anacoustic leak detector capable of hearing airborne audiofrequencies in the range of 45 000 Hz.13. Report13.1 The following
44、information should be recorded at thetime of the measurements and included in the report:13.1.1 Date tested.13.1.2 Test conditions (temperature, pressure, test time).13.1.3 Leak locations.13.1.4 Leakage rate.13.1.5 Test fluid.13.1.6 Signature of tester.14. Keywords14.1 hydrostatic leak testing; leak
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