1、Designation: E1033 09E1033 13Standard Practice forElectromagnetic (Eddy-Current) (Eddy Current) Examinationof TypeF-Continuously Welded (CW) Ferromagnetic Pipe andTubing Above the Curie Temperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1033; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers a pr
3、ocedure for in-line, eddy-current eddy current examination of continuously welded (CW)ferromagnetic pipe and tubing at temperatures above the Curie temperature (approximately 1400F (760C), where the pipe issubstantially nonmagnetic or austenitic.1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular produ
4、cts having nominal diameters of 12 in. (12.7 mm) to 4 in. (101.6 mm).These techniques may be used for larger- or smaller-diameter pipe and tubing as specified by the using parties.1.3 This practice is specifically applicable to eddy-current examination eddy current testing using encircling coils, or
5、 probecoils.1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be established by the using parties.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for informa
6、tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user ofthis standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations pri
7、orto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic SaturationE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive TestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documents:SNT-TC-1A Recommende
8、d Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing3ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel3NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)43. Terminolo
9、gy3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examinationtesting may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C,Electromagnetic Testing.4. Summary of Practice4.1 In-line, automatic, eddy-current eddy current examination of CW pipe utilizes probes or encircling coils, or both, mountedin the pa
10、ss line to monitor the quality of pipe during production at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 2200F (870 to 1204C).1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on ElectromagneticMethod.Current editio
11、n approved June 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2013. Published July 2009December 2013. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asE1033 - 98E1033 - 09.(2004)1 . DOI: 10.1520/E1033-09.10.1520/E1033-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
12、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.o
13、rg.4 Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
14、 made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
15、*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Eddy-current Eddy current instrumentation provides timely and useful information regarding the acceptability of CW pi
16、pefor quality control purposes as well as for early warning that unacceptable pipe is being produced.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the in-line eddy-current eddy current examination of hot CW pipefor the detection of major imperfections and repe
17、titive discontinuities.5.2 Amajor advantage of in-line eddy-current eddy current examination of ferromagnetic CW pipe above the Curie temperaturelies in the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and depth of penetration obtained without the use of magnetic saturation.5.3 The eddy-current eddy current metho
18、d is capable of detecting and locating weld imperfections commonly referred to as openwelds, cave welds, black spots (weld inclusions), and partial welds (incomplete penetration). In addition, it will detect pipe-wallimperfections such as slivers, laps, and ring welds (end welds).5.4 The relative se
19、verity of the imperfections may be indicated by eddy-current eddy current signal amplitude or phase, or both.An alarm level may be selected that utilizes signal amplitude or phase, or both, for automatic recording or marking, or both.5.5 Because the responses from natural discontinuities may vary si
20、gnificantly from those from artificial discontinuities, caremust be exercised in establishing test sensitivity and acceptance criteria.6. Basis of Application6.1 The following criteria may be specified in the purchase specification, contractual agreement, or elsewhere, and may requireagreement betwe
21、en the purchaser and the supplier.6.1.1 The diameter, wall-thickness, and temperature of the pipe being examined.6.1.2 The extent of the examination.6.1.3 The time of examination: the point or points in the manufacturing process where the pipe will be examined, and itsthroughput speed.6.1.4 Test Sta
22、ndardization:6.1.4.1 The size (length, diameter, and wall) and composition of the reference standard if applicable.6.1.4.2 The time between calibrationstandardization checks.6.1.5 The disposition of material with indications.6.1.6 The reporting of testexamination results.6.1.7 If specified in the co
23、ntractual agreement, personnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified inaccordance with a nationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189,SNT-TC-1A, MIL-STD-410E, NAS-410,ASNT-ACCP, or a similar document and certified by the certif
24、ying agency, as applicable.The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties.NOTE 1MIL-STD-410 is canceled and has been replaced with NAS-410, however, it may be used with agreement between contracting parties.6.1.8 I
25、f specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated in accordance with Practice E543.The applicable edition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual agreement.7. Interferences7.1 There are some manufacturing processes that produce pipe with surface c
26、onditions that could interfere with or obscuresignals related to typical pipe imperfections.7.2 Mechanical vibrations, speed variations, and temperature changes can have an affect on test sensitivities.8. Apparatus8.1 The transducercoil assembly, whether encircling or probe coils, consists of one or
27、 more electrical coils, cooling apparatusthat is adequate to maintain the proper coil-operating temperature and prevent thermal damage, and positioning mechanisms foradjusting and maintaining a constant spacing between the coil and the pipe surface. Some assemblies may include mechanicalguides to pr
28、event physical damage to the transducercoils by contact with the product.8.1.1 The types and sizes of transducerscoils employed are determined to a large degree by the coverage and resolution required.Through precise transducercoil positioning, the geometries required for effective pipe inspection c
29、an be maintained.8.1.2 The eddy-current transducers eddy current coils are cooled to maintain proper operating temperatures for test stability, andto avoid thermal damage to the windings or the associated fixturing, or both.8.1.3 The optimum response to the variables of interest (see 5.3) can be obt
30、ained through the selection of the properinstrumentation, transducercoil design, and operating frequency. Through signal processing, responses to variables of interest canbe increased while those from such sources as scale patches, cold spots, and mechanical vibration can be suppressed.8.1.4 Usually
31、, the transducercoil assembly is placed at a location where product speed is constant and vibration is minimal.E1033 1328.2 The eddy-current eddy current instrumentation should be capable of energizing transducerscoils with alternating currents ofselected and stable frequencies and energy levels, an
32、d of sensing the changes in eddy-current eddy current flow arising from pipeimperfections.8.2.1 Eddy-current Eddy current responses may be displayed on a cathode-ray tube, indicated by a meter, digital display,strip-chart recorder, or other applicable methods.8.2.2 Automatic alarm and marking featur
33、es may be included and can provide automatic classification at production-line speeds.9. Adjustment and Standardization of Apparatus9.1 The method of manufacture of CW pipe precludes the use of a physical reference standard for in-line system standardizationas is the norm for most eddy-current eddy
34、current examinations. The continuity of product runs and the high-line speeds (up to3000 ft/min or 15.2 m/s) requires the use of alternative calibration methods.9.2 The industry-accepted methods for system standardization and sensitivity adjustment include either electronically generatedsignals to s
35、imulate responses to reference notches, or the use of eddy-current eddy current noise levels to obtain repeatablesensitivities.9.2.1 Electronic signals that simulate those obtained from actual imperfections during eddy-currentthe examination can beinduced into the transducer and the instrumentation
36、coil, or the instrumentation, or both, and adjusted to the appropriate responselevels.9.2.2 The eddy-current eddy current noise level is that actually generated as the pipe passes through or by the transducer.Instrument controls may be adjusted so that the material-generated noise is some predetermi
37、ned fraction of full-scale response.Through experience, sensitivities suitable for detecting imperfections of interest can be obtained. It must be clearly established thatthe noise level is material-generated and not from the instrumentation.9.2.3 Verification of the sensitivity levels obtained thro
38、ugh either the electronic-signal or the system-noise may be establishedthrough other nondestructive or mechanical examination methods, or both.9.3 If standardization with conventional reference standards is applicable, off-line standardization may be performed using pipesamples of appropriate sizes
39、made from austenitic stainless steel.9.3.1 Refer to Practice E309, paragraph 7.6 and Section 10, for reference standard fabrication and Section 9 for standardizationprocedures.10. Operating Procedure10.1 Standardize the system in a manner similar to that given in Section 9 at the beginning of each t
40、urn and when changingsizes.10.2 Pipes and tubes to be examined are passed through the examination station with the apparatus adjusted in accordance withSection 9.10.3 Any piece showing a discontinuity indication equal to or greater than an established rejection level shall be automaticallymarked or
41、otherwise identified as having a potentially rejectable discontinuity.10.4 Make no equipment adjustments other than at standardization time.11. Keywords11.1 curieCurie temperature; eddy-current; eddy current; electromagnetic; NDT; nondestructive testingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee E07 has identified
42、the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (E1033-09)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved December 1, 2013.)(1) Replaced “examination” with “test” to be consistent with the preferred use of these terms.(2) Minor editorial changes throughout document to impr
43、ove readability.(3) Replaced the term “transducer” with “coil” throughout the document.E1033 133ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determin
44、ation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wit
45、hdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you
46、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sing
47、le or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E1033 134
