1、Designation: E 1037 84 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-51This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribu-tion of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum lengtho
3、f the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquetteall have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes andshapes of some RDF-5 particles.1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categoriesof differing particle sizes. The
4、 size distribution is measured asthe weight percentage of each size category. A graph of afunction of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finerthan particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plotare taken values which describe the size distributiontheuniformity constant and t
5、he characteristic particle size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati
6、ons prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definition:2.1.1 RDF-5solid fuel derived from municipal solidwaste in which the processed combustible fraction is densified(compressed) into the form of pellets, cubettes or briquettes.3. Significance and Use3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly infl
7、u-ences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Smallparticles tend to block flow through storage bins and feedhoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviatethis problem of blockage.3.2 This test method of measuring size by hand allowsaccurate description of RDF-5 part
8、icle size distribution. Mea-surement by hand is superior to sieving techniques, whereinparticles may be broken by the size separation technique itself.However, hand measurement is more time-consuming thansieving techniques.4. Apparatus4.1 Labelled Containers, used to hold the particles whichare sepa
9、rated by size. Appropriate containers are beakers orpans labelled “$70 mm”, “$60 mm 70 mm”, etc. The tareweight of each container shall be recorded to 0.1 g.4.2 Scale, capable of weighing the sample and containerwith an accuracy of 0.1 g.4.3 Vernier Calipers, a length-measuring instrument havingan a
10、ccuracy of 0.1 mm.5. Procedure5.1 The sample shall weigh 1.0 6 0.1 kg (2.2 6 0.2 lb)unless otherwise specified. Record the weight of the sample tothe nearest 0.1 g.5.2 Beginning with the largest particles, measure the lengthof each particle in the sample. Separate the particles intocontainers labell
11、ed as the size categories of less than 10 mm,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 onMunicipal Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004 Originallyapproved in
12、 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as E 1037 84 (1996).FIG. 1 RDF-5 Sizes1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.10 to less than 20 mm, 20 to less than 30 mm, 30 to less than40 mm, etc. as needed.5.3 Record the wei
13、ght of each size category to 0.1 g.5.4 Add the weights of the size components. If this sumdiffers by more than 2 % from the sample weight recordedinitially, then reject the analysis and begin another test.5.5 Use the sum of the separate size categories as the totalweight to determine weight percenta
14、ges of each size fraction. Ifthe weight percentage of any fraction is greater than or equal to25 %, then separate that fraction into two portions of 5-mmsize categories. Continue separating the size fraction intocategories of 2.5 mm, 1.25 mm, etc., until the weight percent-age of each fraction is le
15、ss than 25 %.6. Calculation6.1 With each particle size for which there is data, calculatey, the cumulative fraction of the sample less than that particlesize. This is found by summing the weight percentages of allfractions less than that size. Also calculate the value of theRosin-Rammler function fo
16、r each particle size, as follows:lnS11 2 yD(1)6.2 Plot ln1/(1 y) versus particle size on log-log paper.Data points will yield a straight line.6.3 Determine two values which characterize this linetheuniformity constant and the characteristic particle size. Theuniformity constant, n, is defined as the
17、 slope of the line. Thecharacteristic particle size, x0, is defined as the size at which63.2 % of the particles (by weight) are smaller. The character-istic particle size is the size corresponding to ln1/(1 y) = 1.0. Fig. 2 is an example of this plot.7. Report7.1 Report the uniformity constant, n (a
18、 dimensionlessnumber), and the characteristic particle, x0(millimeters).8. Precision8.1 Table 1 presents the results of intra- and inter-laboratoryprecision testing. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory testswere performed on different populations of RDF-5.FIG. 2 Size Distribution ExampleTest Numbe
19、r 1E 1037 84 (2004)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
20、 of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo
21、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
22、 to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM
23、at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Results of Precision TestingUniformityConstantCharacteristicSizeIntra-laboratory Sample mean 2.42 3 gStandard deviation 0.16 2 mmInter-laboratory Sample mean 2.65 36 mmStandard deviation 0.18 2 mmE 1037 84 (2004)3
