1、Designation: E1107 10Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Throughput of Resource-Recovery UnitOperations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is for measuring the throughput, ormass flowrate, of a resource-recovery unit operation, or seriesof unit o
3、perations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionSection 9.1.2 indicates the equivalentweight in pounds for samples with particle size greater than 90mm.1.3 This standard does not purport to address a
4、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section 7.2.
5、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE868 Test Methods for Conducting Performance Tests onMechanical Conveying Equipment Used in Resource Re-covery Systems3. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binary separatora mechanical devic
6、e that separatessingle input feed stream into two output feed streams.3.1.2 polynary separatora mechanical device that sepa-rates single input feed stream into three or more output feedstreams.3.1.3 processora type of resource recovery unit operationwith a single input feed stream and single output
7、stream. Itsfunction is to alter the physical or physico-chemical propertiesof the input feed stream. The mass flow rates of input andoutput streams should be equal unless moisture is lost.3.1.4 throughputthe mass flowrate through a unit opera-tion, expressed, preferably, in units of kilograms per ho
8、ur(kg/h) or alternatively in units of pounds per hour (lb/h).3.1.5 unit operationa basic step in a larger process con-sisting of multiple steps.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The output streams of a separator or processor arecollected over a measured period of time and weighed.Collection of the output
9、 stream is either in containers or bystopping, then clearing, portions of conveyor belts or chutes.For processing equipment in which materials separation is notaccomplished, the input stream may be sampled if this is moreconvenient.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to document the
10、mass flowrateof a resource recovery unit operation in a plant and as a meansof relating operation to design objectives.5.2 This test method is also used in conjunction withmeasurements of the performance of materials separators(particularly recovery and purity). As such, throughput shouldnot general
11、ly be measured by sampling the feed since this maychange its performance. Processing equipment that does notperform separations can be sampled at either the feed orproduct streams.6. Apparatus6.1 Collection BinsSeveral size collection bins are re-quired. The size is determined by the size of sample,
12、 which inturn, is determined by the throughput of the plant. Somestreams can be sampled into drums or barrels.6.1.1 All containers must be clean and in good mechanicalcondition, and not have rusting, flaking, or mechanicallyweakened sections. Containers should be cleaned with water or1This test meth
13、od is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E110786 (200
14、4). DOI:10.1520/E1107-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.an air hose prior to use. (WarningAir hoses must be usedwith appropriate safety equipment to avoid personal injury.)6.1.2 The tare weight of the containers should be clearlymarked with paint and checked periodically. Prov
16、ision may bemade for bin covers for the sampling and containment ofmaterials that can be blown or spilled. Covers must be markedto indicate whether or not they are included in the tare weightof the container.6.2 ScalesThe type and size of scales varies with the sizeof the samples obtained. Container
17、s as small as perhaps a drumto as large as perhaps a tote bin, roll-off container, or even fulltruck may be used. All scales should have a precision andaccuracy of 60.1 %.6.3 StopwatchFlow times are determined with a stop-watch capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s.6.4 MiscellaneousA variety of
18、scoops, shovels, brushes,and similar tools are required to transfer materials.7. Precautions7.1 If samples are taken by transferring materials from aconveyor belt, it is essential to measure the belts speed and useappropriate tools to be certain that all of the material, espe-cially including fine p
19、articulate materials, are transferred.7.2 Because the origin of all of the materials in solid wasteis generally unknown, workers must use proper safety precau-tions when handling samples. Workers shall wear gloves andsafety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shall be worn.Workers shall be caution
20、ed to wash their hands thoroughlybefore eating or smoking.7.3 Safety precautions shall be taken when collectingsamples or working near moving equipment.8. Sampling8.1 Samples are taken after the equipment has reached asteady-state operation. A steady-state operation is arbitrarilyassumed after the e
21、quipment is operating for at least 30 minunder what are considered to be normal conditions, or asotherwise agreed. The composition and type of feed may not bechanged during this time.8.2 After steady-state, samples are taken at agreed intervals.8.3 The sample is taken by whatever method in Section 1
22、1suits the separator or processor being sampled.9. Test Specimen and Samples9.1 The size of sample is taken in relation to the particle sizeof the material or estimated throughput of the process, or both.9.1.1 The minimum size of sample is determined by itsparticle size in accordance with Practice D
23、75,orby9.1.2 or9.1.3, whichever is greater.9.1.2 For particle sizes greater than 90 mm (not included inTable 1 of Practice D75), the size of sample is 250 kg (550 lb).9.1.3 The minimum weight of sample shall correspond tothe estimated throughput for 1.0 min or the minimum weightwill be determined by
24、 the procedure in Test Methods E868.9.2 Test samples corresponding to 9.1 are weighed withoutsubdivision.9.3 Three test samples shall be taken for each randomlychosen sampling time. Two of the samples will be weighed; thethird shall be retained and weighed if the calculated through-puts based on the
25、 first two differ by more than 10 %, asdescribed in 12.4.9.4 If possible, both binary and polynary separators shouldnormally be sampled at the output sides.10. Conditioning10.1 Weigh the samples immediately after they are taken.Take precautions to ensure that they neither gain nor loseweight from na
26、tural drying or drainage or from ambientmoisture or dirt.11. Procedure11.1 Use separate procedures for sampling conveyors,chutes, or discharge containers.11.2 Conveyors:11.2.1 Conveyors are most conveniently sampled by catch-ing the discharge at the end of the conveyor in the taredcontainer. Take ca
27、re that the bin is wider than the width of theconveyor and the entire contents of the belt width is collected.11.2.2 Conveyors can also be sampled by stopping the beltand removing a portion of the belt load. In this method,determine the belt speed by timing the movement of a mark onthe belt as it pa
28、sses between two marks on the sides of theconveyor. Measure the distance between the latter two marksand use the measurement to calculate the belt speed. Alterna-tively, use a tachometer for determining the speed of the belt.Stop the conveyor and shovel the material lying on a prede-termined length
29、of the conveyor into a suitable tared container.Take care to include all fine particulate materials. Also, takecare to ensure that the belt load moves at the same speed as thebelt and is not hindered by the sides of the conveyor, thuscausing slippage.11.3 ChutesSample material falling through a chut
30、e byplacing a tared container of suitable size under the chute andcollecting the material for a predetermined length of time,measured with a stopwatch to the nearest 0.1 s. If it is notpossible to sample the discharge of a chute, a diverting chutemember may have to be added along with a gate. Exerci
31、se careat the discharge ends of chutes to ensure that all of the materialflowing is collected in the container. Flexible spouts may befastened (even if temporarily) on the ends of the chutes anddirected into the containers.11.4 Discharge ContainersSample discharge points byusing a tared container to
32、 collect the material. Preferably,fasten a flexible spout or a diverter to the discharge point to theusual collection bin so that the flow can be suddenly divertedto the tared container without significant spillage. Without sucha flexible spout, it may not be possible to time accurately thedischarge
33、.11.5 Sampling and weighing must be done without spillingany of the material. Note any spillage more than dusting.Spillage of more than 1 % of the collected sample, visuallyestimated, is reason to discard the sample and start over.11.6 Weigh the tared containers containing the samplesimmediately and
34、 record the filled gross weights. Recordweights within 0.1 % of the total filled weight in accordancewith the precautions of 10.1.E1107 10212. Calculation12.1 Record the following information:12.1.1 Method of sampling (11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.3,or11.4);12.1.2 Location;12.1.3 Time of day and date;12.1.4 T
35、are of container;12.1.5 Weight of filled container; and12.1.6 Special observations.12.2 Calculate the sampling time for the procedure in 11.2.2as follows:Sampling time 5 t 5 L/Y (1)where:L = length of conveyor swept, andY = conveyor speed, calculated as Y = C/T;C = measured distance between the two
36、marks on theconveyor sidewall, m, andT = measured time for the mark on the conveyor belt tomove between these two marks, s.12.2.1 The conveyor speed is in units of meters per second(m/s) and the sampling time t is in units of seconds (s).12.3 Measure the sampling time for other procedures(11.2.1, 11
37、.3, and 11.4) with the stopwatch.12.4 Calculate the throughput, Q, on a wet-weight basis fora processor, sampling either the input or output stream asfollows:Q 5W 2 A! 3600t(2)where:W = weight of the filled container,A = tare (empty) weight of the container, andt = time of collection of the sample,
38、s.12.4.1 If W and A are in kilograms, Q is in kilograms perhour.12.5 Paragraph 12.4 can be used to calculate the throughputof a processor if the input stream is sampled. However, note theinformation in 9.4.12.6 Abinary or polynary separator may be sampled at eachof its output streams with all sample
39、s taken at the same timeand for equal time intervals. Calculate the throughput for eachstream in accordance with 12.4 and sum to obtain the totalthroughput.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the information on the datacompilation and calculation sheet (see Fig. 1).14. Precision and Bias14.1 The
40、re are not yet sufficient data available to computethe precision and bias of this test method.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinat
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45、(www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).Data Compilation and Calculation SheetADate: _ Location: _Time of Day: _ Operator: _Conveyor Sampling:Speed = _ = YLength of belt swept _ = LSampling time t = L/Y = _Throughput (wet weight basis):Container No. _ , Tar Weight A = _Filled Weight W = _Throughput Q =(W-A)/t = _Special Observations:ARepeat calculations using a separate sheet for each processor or separatorstream sample.FIG. 1 Sample Data Compilation and Calculation SheetE1107 103
