1、Designation:E111805 Designation: E1118/E1118M 11Standard Practice forAcoustic Emission Examination of ReinforcedThermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1118/E1118M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers acoustic emission (AE) examination or monitoring of reinfo
3、rced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) todetermine structural integrity. It is applicable to lined or unlined pipe, fittings, joints, and piping systems.1.2This1.2 This practice is applicable to pipe that is fabricated with fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforcements with reinforcingcontents greater th
4、an 15 % by weight. The suitability of these procedures must be demonstrated before they are used for pipingthat is constructed with other reinforcing materials.1.3 This practice is applicable to tests below pressures of 35 MPa absolute (5000 psia).5000 psia.1.4 This practice is limited to pipe up to
5、 and including 0.6 m (24 in.)24 in. in diameter. Larger diameter pipe can be examinedwith AE, however, the procedure is outside the scope of this practice.1.5 This practice applies to examinations of new or in-service RTRP.1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The valu
6、es given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values fro
7、m thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the a
8、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information see 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive TestingE650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoust
9、ic Emission SensorsE750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission InstrumentationE976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor ResponseE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2075 Practice for Verifying the Consis
10、tency of AE-Sensor Response Using an Acrylic Rod2.2 ASNT Standards:3ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive TestingASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing2.3 AIA Standard:4NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nonde
11、structive Test Personnel3. Terminology3.1 Complete glossaries of terms related to plastics and acoustic emission will be found in Terminologies D883 and E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing an
12、d is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1118-00. DOI: 10.1520/E1118-05.onAcoustic Emission Method.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 201
13、1. Published February 2011. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1118 - 05. DOI:10.1520/E1118_E1118M-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume i
14、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.4Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1250 Eye St., NW,
15、Washington, DC 20005.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that u
16、sers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.1 component and assemb
17、ly proof testinga program of tests on RTRP components designed to assess product quality in amanufacturers plant, at the installation site, or when taken out of service for retesting. An assembly is a shippable unit offactory-assembled components.3.2.2 count value Ncan evaluation criterion based on
18、the total number of AE counts. (See A2.5A2.6.)3.2.3 diameter to thickness ratio (d/t)equal toDo1 Di2twhere (Do) is the outside pipe diameter, (Di) is the inside pipe diameter, and (t) is the wall thickness, as measured in a section ofstraight pipe.3.2.4 high-amplitude thresholda threshold for large
19、amplitude events. (See A2.3.)3.2.5 in-service systems testinga program of periodic tests during the lifetime of an RTRP system designed to assess itsstructural integrity.3.2.6 low-amplitude thresholdthe threshold above which AE counts (N) are measured. (See A2.2.)3.2.7 manufacturers qualification te
20、stinga comprehensive program of tests to confirm product design, performanceacceptability, and fabricator capability.3.2.8 operating pressurepressure at which the RTRP normally operates. It should not exceed design pressure.3.2.9 qualification test pressurea test pressure which is set by agreement b
21、etween the user, manufacturer, or test agency, orcombination thereof.3.2.10 rated pressurea nonstandard term used by RTRP pipe manufacturers as an indication of the maximum operatingpressure.3.2.11 RTRPReinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe, a tubular product containing reinforcement embedded in or sur
22、roundedby cured thermosetting resin.3.2.12 RTRP systema pipe structure assembled from various components that are bonded, threaded, layed-up, etc., into afunctional unit.3.2.13 signal value Ma measure of the AE signal power (energy/unit time) which is used to indicate adhesive bond failurein RTRP ce
23、mented joints. (See A2.4A2.5.)3.2.14 summing amplifier (summer, mixer)an operational amplifier that produces an output signal equal to a weighted sum ofthe input signals.3.2.15system proof testinga program of tests on an assembled RTRP system designed to assess its structural integrity prior toin-se
24、rvice use.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of subjecting RTRP to increasing or cyclic pressure while monitoring with sensors that are sensitiveto acoustic emission (transient stress waves) caused by growing flaws. Where appropriate, other types of loading may besuperposed or may repl
25、ace the pressure load, for example, thermal, bending, tensile, etc. The instrumentation and techniques forsensing and analyzing AE data are described.4.2 This practice provides guidelines to determine the location and severity of structural flaws in RTRP.4.3 This practice provides guidelines for AE
26、examination of RTRP within the pressure range stated in 1.21.3. Maximum testpressure for RTRP will be determined upon agreement among user, manufacturer, or test agency, or combination thereof. The testpressure will normally be 1.1 multiplied by the maximum operating pressure.5. Significance and Use
27、5.1 The AE examination method detects damage in RTRP. The damage mechanisms detected in RTRP are as follows: resincracking, fiber debonding, fiber pullout, fiber breakage, delamination, and bond or thread failure in assembled joints. Flaws inunstressed areas and flaws which are structurally insignif
28、icant will not generate AE.5.2 This practice is convenient for on-line use under operating conditions to determine structural integrity of in-service RTRPusually with minimal process disruption.5.3 Flaws located withAE should be examined by other techniques; for example, visual, ultrasound, and dye
29、penetrant, and maybe repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this practice.6. Basis of Application6.1 The following items are subject to contractual agreement between the parties using or referencing this practice.6.2 Personnel Qualification:6.
30、2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel performing examinations to this standard shall be qualified inaccordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, ASNT SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document
31、and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable.The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties.6.3 Qualification of Nondestructive AgenciesIf specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies s
32、hall be qualified andevaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable edition of Practice E543shall be specified in the contractual agreement.6.4 Timing of ExaminationThe timing of examination shall be in accordance with Section 11 unless otherwise specified.E1118/E1118M 1126.5 Extent of Exam
33、inationThe extent of examination shall be in accordance with 9.4 unless otherwise specified.6.6 Reporting Criteria/Acceptance CriteriaReporting criteria for the examination results shall be in accordance with Section12 unless otherwise specified. Since acceptance criteria are not specified in this s
34、tandard, they shall be specified in the contractualagreement.6.7 Reexamination of Repaired/Reworked ItemsReexamination of repaired/reworked items is not addressed in this standardand if required shall be specified in the contractual agreement.7. Instrumentation7.1 The AE instrumentation consists of
35、sensors, signal processors, and recording equipment. Additional information on AEinstrumentation can be found in Practice E750.7.2 Instrumentation shall be capable of recording AE counts and AE events above the low-amplitude threshold. It shall alsorecord events above the high-amplitude threshold as
36、 well as signal value M within specific frequency ranges, and have sufficientchannels to localize AE sources in real time. It may incorporate (as an option) peak amplitude detection. An AE event amplitudemeasurement is recommended for sensitivity verification (see Annex A2). Amplitude distributions
37、are recommended for flawcharacterization. It is preferred that the AE instrumentation acquire and record count, event, amplitude, and signal value Minformation on a per channel basis. The AE instrumentation is further described in Annex A1.7.3 Capability for measuring parameters such as time and pre
38、ssure shall be provided. The pressure-load shall be continuouslymonitored to an accuracy of 62 % of the maximum test value.8. Test Preparations8.1 Safety PrecautionsAll plant safety requirements unique to the test location shall be met.8.1.1 Protective clothing and equipment that is normally require
39、d in the area in which the test is being conducted shall be worn.8.1.2 A fire permit may be needed to use the electronic instrumentation.8.1.3 Precautions shall be taken against the consequences of catastrophic failure when testing, for example, flying debris andimpact of escaping liquid.8.1.4 Pneum
40、atic testing is extremely dangerous and shall be avoided if at all possible.8.2 RTRP Conditioning:8.2.1 If the pipe has not been previously loaded, no conditioning is required.8.2.2 If the pipe has been previously loaded, one of two methods shall be used. For both methods, the maximum operatingpress
41、ure-load in the pipe since the previous examination must be known. If more than one year has elapsed since the lastexamination, the maximum operating pressure-load during the past year can be used. (See 11.2.3.)8.2.2.1 Option I requires that the test shall be run from 90 up to 110 % of the maximum o
42、perating pressure-load. In this caseno conditioning is required. (See Fig. 7.) If it is not possible to achieve over 100 % of the maximum operating pressure-load,Option II may be used.8.2.2.2 Option II requires that the operating pressure-load be reduced prior to testing in accordance with the sched
43、ule shownin Table 1. In this case, the maximum pressure-load need be only 100 % of the operating pressure (see Fig. 8).8.3 RTRP Pressurizing-LoadingArrangements should be made to pressurize the RTRP to the appropriate pressure-load.Liquid is the preferred pressurizing medium. Holding pressure-load l
44、evels is a key aspect of an acoustic emission examination.Accordingly, provision shall be made for holding the pressure-load at designated check points.8.4 RTRP SupportThe RTRP system shall be properly supported.8.5 EnvironmentalThe normal minimum acceptable RTRP wall temperature is 4C (40F).40F.8.6
45、 Noise ReductionNoise sources in the examination frequency and amplitude range, such as malfunctioning pumps orvalves, movement of pipe on supports, or rain, must be minimized since they mask the AE signals emanating from the pipe.8.7 Power SupplyAstable grounded power supply, meeting the specificat
46、ion of the instrumentation, is required at the test site.8.8 Instrumentation SettingsSettings will be determined in accordance with Annex A2.9. Sensors9.1 Sensor MountingRefer to Guide E650 for additional information on sensor mounting. Location and spacing of the sensorsNOTE 1A maximum of three sen
47、sors can be connected into one channel.FIG. 1 Typical Sensor Positioning for Zone LocationE1118/E1118M 113are discussed in 9.4. Sensors shall be placed in the designated locations with a couplant interface between sensor and test article.One recommended couplant is silicone-stopcock grease. Care mus
48、t be exercised to ensure that adequate couplant is applied.Sensors shall be held in place utilizing methods of attachment which do not create extraneous signals. Methods of attachment usingstrips of pressure-sensitive tape, stretch fabric tape with hook and loop fastener, or suitable adhesive system
49、s may be considered.Suitable adhesive systems are those whose bonding and acoustic coupling effectiveness have been demonstrated. The attachmentmethod should provide support for the signal cable (and preamplifier) to prevent the cable(s) from stressing the sensor or causingloss of coupling.9.2 Surface ContactReliable coupling between the sensor and pipe surface shall be ensured and the surface of the pipe incontact with the sensor shall be clean and free of particulate matter. Sensors should be mounted directly on the RTRPsurface unlessNOTE 1
