1、Designation: E 1157 87 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Specification forSampling and Testing of Reusable Laboratory Glassware1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers l
3、aboratory items for use untilthey are no longer considered functional for the intendedpurpose. It is written specifically for reusable items and is notto be confused with disposable (single use) items that aredescribed in other standards.1.2 This specification covers the sampling inspection andbasic
4、 testing criteria for the following four types of laboratoryglassware: blown and pressed glassware, nongraduated;2blown and pressed glassware, graduated;2tubular glassware,nongraduated; and tubular glassware, graduated.1.3 This specification is intended to be used in conjunctionwith a standard speci
5、fication for a specific laboratory glasswareproduct.1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method portion, Section 6, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th
6、e userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsE 542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory VolumetricApparatusE
7、 671 Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Re-sidual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus2.2 Military Standard:4MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lotitems of the same respect
8、ive type, class, style,and size offered for acceptance at one time that have beenproduced by one manufacturer under essentially the samemanufacturing conditions.3.1.2 inspectionas both “examination” (such as visualinvestigation without the use of special laboratory appliancesor procedure) and “testi
9、ng” (determination by technical meansof physical and chemical properties) of the item.4. Performance Requirements4.1 The product shall be designed to meet test performancerequirements specified in Section 6. Testing of individual lots1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E4
10、1 onLaboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onApparatus.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1157 87 (2001)e1.2As defined in Terminology C 162.3For referenced ASTM
11、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 7
12、00 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.TABLE 1 ExaminationVisualExaminationInspectionLevelAcceptanceQuality LevelMajor defects 2 2.5Minor defects 2 4.0Dimensional Examination S-3 2.5TABLE 2 BLOWN OR PRESSED ITEMS (GRADUATED ANDNONGRADUATED)Classification of Defects (
13、Nongraduated)Major:101Not free of cracks, unhealed chips, breaks or sharp edges.102Not free of checks and open blisters.103Required components missing.104Not free of protruding stones.105Not free of stones (buried) or knots that exceed dimensions in Table 9.106Required glass joints, rubber stoppers,
14、 stopcock plugs or closures not asspecified.107Not within stress limits as defined in Specification E 671.Minor:201Identification marking not complete, correct, legible, and permanent, (see6.2).202Not free of blisters (buried) that exceed dimensions in Table 4, Table 8,and Table 5.203Not free of wir
15、y cord or deformation that affects intended use orserviceability.204Not free of scale that exceeds dimensions in Table 8.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.may be obviated when process controls are employed andmonitored.
16、 Deviation from or changes to established manufac-turing procedures that could adversely affect performance of aproduct shall be cause for performing applicable testingrequirements on a specific lot to verify quality acceptance.4.2 Alternate testing methods, inspection levels, and samplesizes may al
17、so be implemented. Any deviation shall not negateresponsibility of product from complying with the applicabletest performance standards.4.3 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the supplier shall be responsible for the performance ofall designated inspection requirements. Exc
18、ept as otherwisespecified in the contract or purchase order, the supplier may usehis own or any other facilities suitable for the performance ofthe inspection requirements. The purchaser has the right toperform any of the inspections set forth in the specificationwhere such inspections are deemed ne
19、cessary to ensure sup-plies conform to prescribed requirements.5. Sampling and Inspection5.1 Sampling shall be conducted in accordance with MIL-STD-105 with the levels of inspection and examination andacceptable quality levels as noted in Tables 1-13 unlessotherwise agreed upon by purchaser and vend
20、or. Where appli-cable, distilled water and reagent grade chemicals shall be usedthroughout the tests. Inspection shall be conducted in accor-dance with applicable section and individual specifications.6. Test Methods6.1 Leakage TestThe item shall be filled to nominalcapacity with distilled water at
21、25 6 5C, normally capped orstoppered and laid on side for 60 s. No leakage shall result.6.2 Permanency of Marking:6.2.1 Alkali TestA representative piece of each sampleshall be completely immersed in 1 N sodium hydroxidesolution at room temperature, covered, boiled for 30 min, andallowed to stand in
22、 the alkali for an additional hour. The pieceshall then be removed, thoroughly rinsed with distilled water,and dried by rubbing vigorously with a cloth. No appreciablechange in decoration appearance shall result. Loss of glossshall not be considered a defect.6.2.2 Acid TestArepresentative piece of e
23、ach sample shallbe completely immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid at roomtemperature and allowed to stand 1 h. The piece shall then beremoved, thoroughly rinsed with distilled water, and dried byrubbing vigorously with a cloth. No appreciable change indecoration appearance shall result. Loss of g
24、loss shall not beconsidered a defect.6.3 Capacity:6.3.1 Blown or Pressed Items (Nongraduated) and TubularGlassware (Nongraduated)Avolume of distilled water equalto the capacity specified for the size shall be added to the item.The water level shall be between the shoulder and the neck ofthe item or
25、at the approximate point indicated in the specificstandard for the item. The test shall be conducted at roomtemperature (25 6 5C).6.3.2 Blown or Pressed Items (Graduated) and TubularGlassware (Graduated)Accuracy shall be as defined inappropriate item standard. Testing shall be conducted inaccordance
26、 with procedures in Practice E 542.6.4 AutoclavingItems with respective cap or cover se-cured shall be subject to three consecutive autoclaving cyclesat 15 psi for 30 min. Capped items shall be removed after eachautoclaving cycle and allowed to cool for 30 min beforerepeating the heating cycle.Autoc
27、laved items with cap or covershall be subjected to leakage test. Temperature shall be 121C.6.5 Pour TestFill the item to normal capacity with dis-tilled water. Tilt at an angle of 45 and pour approximately onefourth of the water from the item at such a rate that the waterflows in a continuous stream
28、 and falls freely from the spout.Stream of water should not cling to the outside of the item andflow off the bottom.6.6 Centrifuge TestThe centrifuge may be any type ormodel commercially available or normally employed in labo-ratories and capable of speeds (RPM) recommended for theitem. Item shall b
29、e filled with tap water to appropriate capacityand placed in centrifuge in balance positions. The centrifugeshall be brought slowly up to recommended speed and run for30 min. The centrifuge shall then be shut off and allowed tostop without use of the hand brake. There shall be no breakageof the item
30、.7. Keywords7.1 glassware; laboratory; sampling; testingTABLE 3 Classification of Defects (Graduated)Major:101Not free of cracks, unhealed chips, breaks or sharp edges.102Not free of checks and open blisters.103Required components missing.104Not free of protruding stones.105Not free of stones (burie
31、d) or knots which exceed dimensions in Table 7.106Required glass joints, rubber stoppers, stopcock plugs or closures not asspecified.107Capacity or graduation lines of wrong width, missing or not straight.108Not free of skips in graduation lines that exceed14 of the line length.109On Class “A” items
32、, the “A” or serial number (where specified) is missing.110Not free of blemishes in meniscus reading area that interfere with settingthe meniscus.111Not within stress limits as defined in Specification E 671.Minor:201Identification marking not complete, correct, legible or permanent (See6.2).A202Not
33、 free of skips in the graduation lines less than14 of the line length.203Not free of blisters (buried) which exceed dimensions in Table 4, Table 8,and Table 5.204Not free of wiry cord or deformation that affects intended use orserviceability.205Not free of scale that exceeds dimensions in Table 9.AD
34、isregard minor smears, smudges or skips in letters or numbers that do notdestroy legibility.E 1157 87 (2006)2TABLE 4 Buried Blisters in Beakers, Flasks, and FunnelsABlister Diameter,mm (in.)BmL, maxup to250C251 to15001501 to35003501 to95009501 to13 50013 501 to19 00019 001 to45 500gal, maxup to0.066
35、0.066 to0.3960.396 to0.9250.925 to2.512.51 to3.573.57 to5.025.02 to12.00.79 to 1.59 (132 to116) 2 3 4 6 8 10 161.59 to 3.18 (116 to18)11111113.18 to 6.35 (18 to14)06.35 to 7.94 (14 to516 00Combined number, max 2 3 4 6 8 10 16Per side, max, (180) 1 2 2 3 4 5 8AFor buried seeds under 0.812 mm (0.032 i
36、n.) in diameter or equivalent, allow no more than 12 per 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter circle.BEquivalent diameter = (length + width)/2.CNone allowed below maximum outer diameter of Kjeldahl flasks, distilling flasks having sidearms or filter flasks.TABLE 5 Buried Blisters in Bottom Zone of Bottles, Jars
37、, and KettlesABlister Diameter,mm (in.)BmL, maxUp to250C250 to15001501 to35003501 to95009501 to13 50013 501 to19 00019 001 to45 500gal, maxUp to0.0660.066 to0.3960.396 to0.9250.925 to2.512.51 to3.573.57 to5.025.02 to12.00.79 to 1.59 (132 to116)112457121.59 to 3.18 (116 to 18) 01234 563.18 to 6.35 (1
38、8 to14 0111 116.35 to 9.52 (14 to38 0009.52 to 12.7 (38 to12) 0 0Combined number, max 1 2 4 6 8 11 15Per side, max, (180) 1 1 2 4 5 6 8AFor buried seeds under 0.812 mm (0.032 in.) in diameter or equivalent, allow no more than 12 per 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter circle.BEquivalent diameter = (length + wi
39、dth)/2.CAbove lower radius.TABLE 6 Testing for Blown or Pressed Items, Graduated andNongraduatedCharacteristicsTestProceduresInspectionLevelAcceptableQualityLevelLeakage 6.1 S-3 2.5Permanency of Marking 6.2 S-1 2.5Alkali Test 6.2.1 . .Acid 6.2.2 . .Capacity Fill 6.3 S-3 2.5Autoclaving 6.4 S-2 .APour
40、 Test 6.5 S-2 2.5Centrifuge Test 6.6 S-2 .AAAcceptance number shall be zero.TABLE 7 TUBULAR GLASSWARE (GRADUATEDAND NON-GRADUATED)Classification of Defects, NongraduatedMajor:101Not free of cracks, unhealed chips, breaks or sharp edges.102Not free of checks and open airlines (elongated blisters) on
41、heated partsor inside surface.103Required components missing.104Not free of protruding stones.105Not free of stones (buried) or knots that exceed dimensions in Table 11.106Required glass joints, rubber stoppers, stopcock plugs, or closures notas arts specified.107Not within stress limits as defined
42、in Specification E 671.Minor:201Identification markings not complete, correct, legible and permanent,(see arts Section 6).202Not free of airlines (elongated blisters) that exceed dimensions in Table 9.203Not free of wiry cord or deformation that affects intended use orartsserviceability.204Vertical
43、section (neck, cylinder, etc.) not perpendicular to base within112 .E 1157 87 (2006)3TABLE 8 Buried Blisters Above Bottom Zone-Bottles, Jars, and KettlesABlister Diameter,mm (in.)BmL, maxUp to250C251 to15001501 to35003501 to95009501 to13 50013 501 to19 00019 001 to45 500gal, maxUp to0.0660.066 to0.3
44、960.396 to0.9250.925 to2.512.51 to3.573.57 to5.025.02 to12.00.79 to 1.59 (132 to116)23481012201.59 to 3.18 (116 to18) 134 680163.18 to 6.35 (18 to14 011 12346.35 to 9.52 (14 to38 01 11129.52 to 12.7 (38 to12) 00 1112.7 to 15.88 (12 to58 0 01Combined number, max 3 5 7 12 16 20 31Per side, max, (180)
45、2 3 4 7 9 11 16AFor buried seeds under 0.812 mm (0.032 in.) in diameter or equivalent, allow no more than 12 per 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter circle.BEquivalent diameter = (length + width)/2.CAbove lower radius.TABLE 9 Knots, Stones and ScaleSize, mL (gal)KnotsAScale or StonesADiameter, maxmm (in.)Numbe
46、r,maxDiameter, maxmm (in.)Number,maxUp to 250 (up to 0.066) 1.59 (116) 2 0.79 (132)2251 to 1 500 (0.066 to 0.396) 3.18 (18) 3 1.59 (116)31 501 to 3 500 (0.396 to 0.925) 3.18 (18) 4 1.59 (116)43 501 to 9 500 (0.925 to 2.51) 3.18 (18) 4 3.18 (189 501 to 13 500 (2.51 to 3.57) 6.35 (14) 4 3.18 (18)513 5
47、01 to 19 000 (3.57 to 5.02) 6.35 (14) 4 3.18 (1819 001 to 45 500 (5.02 to 12.0) 6.35 (14) 4 3.18 (18AEquivalent diameter = (length + width)/2.TABLE 10 Classification of Defects, GraduatedMajor:101Not free of cracks, unhealed chips, breaks or sharp edges.102Not free of checks and open blisters.103Req
48、uired components missing.104Not free of protruding stones.105Not free of stones (buried) or knots that exceed dimensions in Table 9.106Required glass joints, rubber stoppers, stopcock plugs, or closures not asspecified.107Capacity or graduation lines of wrong width, missing or not straight.108Not fr
49、ee of skips in graduation lines that exceed one fourth of the linelength.109On Class “A” items, the “A” or serial number (where specified) is missing.110Not free of blemishes in meniscus reading area which interfere withsetting the meniscus.111Not within stress limits as defined in Specification E 671.Minor:201Identification marking not complete, correct, legible or permanent (see6.2).202Not free of skips in the graudation lines less than14 of the line length.203No
