1、Designation: E 1198 87 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forSampling Zooplankton with Pumps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtainingqualitative/quantitative samples of a zooplankton communityby use of pumping systems.1
3、.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
4、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4133 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with PumpsE 1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 Water is pumped from a discrete depth and passedthrough a net. The captured zooplankton are removed from thenet and preserved as dictated by the
5、 objectives of the study.4. Significance and Use4.1 The advantages of collecting zooplankton with pumpsare as follows:4.1.1 Sample size is more accurately controlled than withnets.4.1.2 Discrete samples can be more easily obtained bothvertically and horizontally.4.1.3 Multiple or replicate samples c
6、an be more easilyobtained.4.1.4 The pumps are adaptable to a variety of ecosystemsless than 30-m deep.4.1.5 Sampling efficiency does not decrease with samplesize.4.2 The disadvantages of collecting zooplankton withpumps are as follows:4.2.1 Pumps are bulky and require an electrical source.4.2.2 Pump
7、s are generally more costly than nets.4.2.3 Pumps generally discriminate against collecting mac-roplankton.4.2.4 Pump intake tubes may be avoided by the more motilezooplankton forms.4.2.5 Requires a long, bulky, intake tube for deep watersampling.4.3 There are several special considerations that sho
8、uld beobserved when collecting zooplankton with a pump. They are:4.3.1 Some pumps can fragment zooplankton and inducemortality due to their design.4.3.2 The pump hose must be cleared before taking the nextsample.5. Apparatus5.1 Pumping systems of various kinds have been used tocollect zooplankton sa
9、mples. Although a variety of pumpapparatus have been used, the basic design consists of a pump,generally with a volume register, a base, and a concentratingnet, such as a simple tow net sampler.36. Procedure6.1 Pump water from a discrete depth and pass through anet.6.2 Remove the sample from the net
10、.6.3 Preserve the plankton as described in Practice E 1200.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Pu
11、blished April 2004.Originally ap-proved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1198 87 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
12、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Wisconsin net sampler or its equivalent has been found satisfactory.Available from Wildco, 301 Cass St., Saginaw, MI 48602.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASTM Inter
13、national takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely
14、their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou
15、ld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stan
16、dards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1198 87 (2004)2
