1、Designation: E1199 87 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forSampling Zooplankton with a Clarke-Bumpus PlanktonSampler1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining quan-titative samples of a zooplankton community by use of aCl
3、arke-Bumpus plankton sampler.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
4、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4134 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with a Clarke-Bumpus Plankton SamplerE1200 Practice for Preserving Zooplankton Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 The sampler is towed from a moving boat at a specifieddepth. The sampler uses a net for t
5、he collection and concen-tration of zooplankton. The actual volume of water entering thesampler is measured by a calibrated flowmeter. The zooplank-ton are preserved as dictated by the objectives of the study.4. Significance and Use4.1 The advantages of the Clarke-Bumpus plankton samplerare as follo
6、ws:4.1.1 It will sample a discrete depth or multiple depths,depending upon the sampling design.4.1.2 It is a slow to medium speed sampler requiring atowing speed of three to five knots.4.1.3 The sample size can be easily controlled.4.1.4 The sampler is lightweight and can be used withoutauxiliary eq
7、uipment.4.1.5 It has a relatively high filtration efficiency factor of0.88.4.1.6 It is a versatile sampler and can be used in all but theshallowest waters.4.1.7 The flowmeter records the amount of water that passesinto the net.4.1.8 Overspill of water at the mouth of the net due toexcess speed of to
8、wing is of minimal consequence.4.2 The disadvantages of the Clarke-Bumpus plankton sam-pler are as follows:4.2.1 The flowmeter requires frequent maintenance includ-ing calibration and lubrication.4.2.2 It is not suitable for use in very small areas or shallowwaters.4.3 There are several special cons
9、iderations that shall beobserved when using a Clarke-Bumpus sampler. They are:4.3.1 The flowmeter should be calibrated and servicedfrequently to ensure efficient and accurate operation.4.3.2 The sampler is relatively fragile, particularly theclosing device and flowmeter. This necessitates careful de
10、ploy-ment and recovery procedures.4.3.3 Following each collection, the net must be thoroughlywashed.4.3.4 Special attention must be given to the strength of thecable and its attachment to avoid loss of the sampler.4.3.5 The sampler should not be used in beds ofmacrophytes, in waters containing subme
11、rged objects, or closeto the bottom.4.3.6 The net should be inspected frequently for pin-sizeholes, tears, net deterioration, and other anomalies.4.3.7 Following use, the wet net should be suspended fulllength in the air in subdued light and allowed to dry.5. Apparatus5.1 The Clarke-Bumpus zooplankt
12、on sampler is a 5-in.diameter by 6-in. long brass tube consisting of a metal frame inwhich an interchangeable conical plankton net is attached at1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、E47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1199 87 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/E1199-87R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
14、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the mouth and at the cod end
15、.3This sampler is available inthree sizes: 12, 20, and 30 cm. The most widely used size hasbeen the 20-cm diameter net which reportedly has bettercollecting characteristics.4The metal tube at the mouth of thisnet is fitted with a digital flowmeter from which the volume ofwater filtered can be calcul
16、ated. In addition, the mouth containsa shutter device which opens and closes the net permitting thecollections from discrete depths. The Clarke-Bumpus sampleris usually attached to a towing cable and a horizontal orienta-tion is maintained by stabilizing fins attached to the side of thesampler frame
17、. A number of Clarke-Bumpus samplers can bestrung on a single cable for simultaneous sampling at variousdepths. The frame is constructed of stainless steel or platedmetal not prone to corrosion. The entire apparatus weighs 14kg and measures 0.75 m in length. Refer to Fig. 1 or PracticeD4134.NOTE 1Se
18、e Table 1 for information on zooplankton collector devices.6. Procedure6.1 Under steady forward movement, three to five knots, thedepth (D) of tow can be determined by the following equation:D 5 Lcosa (1)where:L = length of the tow line from the surface of the waterto the sampler, andcos a = cosine
19、of the cable angle.6.2 Once the prescribed depth is reached, experimentallydetermine the duration of the tow; this will be dependent uponthe density of zooplankton, depth of tow, and the size of thenet. When the sampling depth and length or time of tow havebeen achieved, release the messenger to ope
20、n the closure to thenet and then following tow, release second messenger to closethe sampler. Then, retrieve the sample, being careful to washthe zooplankton off the sides of the net into the sample bottle.Preserve the plankton as described in Practice E1200.ASTM International takes no position resp
21、ecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This s
22、tandard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
23、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
24、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555
25、(fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Clarke, G. L., and Bumpus, D. F., The Plankton SamplerAn Instrument forQuantitative Plankton Investigations,
26、 American Society of Limnology andOceanography, Special Publication No. 5, Revised 1950.4Tranter, D. J., and Heron, A. C., “Filtration Characteristics of the Clarke-Bumpus Samplers,” Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,Vol16, No. 3, 1965, pp 281292.FIG. 1 Clarke-Bumpus Plankton Sampler (Illustration by J. W.Steiner and W. G. Hester, U.S. Geological Survey, Doraville, GA)E1199 87 (2012)2
