1、Designation: E 1219 05Standard Test Method forFluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using theSolvent-Removable Process1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers procedures for fluorescentpenetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable pr
3、ocess.It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinui-ties that are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps,cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lackof fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenanceexamination. It can be effectively u
4、sed in the examination ofnonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous,and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densifiedceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solven
5、t-removable process recommended or required by individualorganizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability andcompleteness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specificationsdealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrantexamination of materials and parts. Agreement
6、 by the pur-chaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques isstrongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities andpersonnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standardsfor evaluation of the indications o
7、btained. It should be pointedout, however, that indications must be interpreted or classifiedand then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separatecode or specification or a specific agreement to define the type,size, location, and direction of indications considered accept-able, and those co
8、nsidered unacceptable.1.4 All areas of this document may be open to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and the sup-plier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
9、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bom
10、b Method)D 516 Test Methods for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petro-leum Products (Bomb Method)D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Pen
11、etrant Inspec-tionE 543 Practice for Evaluating Agencies that Perform Non-destructive TestingE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASNT Documents:Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing4ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Cer
12、tification ofNDT Personnel42.3 Military Standard:5MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification2.4 AIA Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 onNondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 onLiquid
13、Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved January 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 1219 - 99.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related TestMethod SE-1219 in Section II of that Code
14、.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testi
15、ng (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9, United States.NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel62.5 Department of Defense (DoD) ContractsUnless oth-erwise specified, the issue of the documents that are DoDadopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS (Depart-ment of Defense Index of Specifications an
17、d Standards) citedin the solicitation.2.6 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this test method and the references cited herein, thetext of this test method takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsdefinitions relating to liquid penetrant ex-amination, which appear in
18、Terminology E 1316, shall apply tothe terms used in this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aliquid, fluorescent penetrant is applied evenly over thesurface being tested and allowed to enter open discontinuities.After a suitable dwell time, the excess surface penetrant isremoved and the surfac
19、e is dried prior to the application of anonaqueous, wet, or liquid film developer. If an aqueousdeveloper is to be employed, the developer is applied prior tothe drying step. The developer draws the entrapped penetrantout of the discontinuity, staining the developer. The surface isthen examined visu
20、ally under black light to determine presenceor absence of indications. (WarningFluorescent penetrantexamination shall not follow a visible penetrant examinationunless the procedure has been qualified in accordance with 9.2,because visible dyes may cause deterioration or quenching offluorescent dyes.
21、)NOTE 1The developer may be omitted by agreement between pur-chaser and supplier.4.2 Processing parameters, such as precleaning, penetrationtime, etc., are determined by the specific materials used, thenature of the part under examination (that is, size, shape,surface condition, alloy), type of disc
22、ontinuities expected, etc.5. Significance and Use5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the pres-ence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magni-tude of the detected discontinuities. This test method isintended primarily for portability and for localized areas ofexamination
23、, utilizing minimal equipment, when a higher levelof sensitivity than can be achieved using visible process isrequired. Surface roughness may be a limiting factor. If so, analternative process such as post-emulsified penetrant should beconsidered, when grinding or machining is not practical.6. Reage
24、nts and Materials6.1 Fluorescent Solvent-Removable Liquid Penetrant Ex-amination Materials, (see Note 2) consist of a family ofapplicable fluorescent penetrants, solvent removers, as recom-mended by the manufacturer, and are classified as Type IFluorescent, Method CSolvent-Removable. Intermixing ofm
25、aterials from various manufacturers is not recommended.(WarningWhile approved penetrant materials will not ad-versely affect common metallic materials, some plastics orrubbers may be swollen or stained by certain penetrants.)NOTE 2Refer to 8.1 for special requirements for sulfur, halogen, andalkali
26、metal content.6.2 Fluorescent Solvent-Removable Penetrants, are de-signed so that excess surface penetrant can be removed bywiping with clean, lint-free material, and repeating the opera-tion until most traces of penetrant have been removed. Theremaining traces shall be removed by wiping the surface
27、 withclean, lint-free material lightly moistened with the solventremover. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinui-ties, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent.Flushing the surface with solvent to remove the excesspenetrant is prohibited.6.3 Solvent Removers function by diss
28、olving the penetrant,making it possible to wipe the surface clean and free of residualfluorescent penetrant as described in 7.1.5.6.4 DevelopersDevelopment of penetrant indications isthe process of bringing the penetrant out of discontinuitiesthrough blotting action of the applied developer, thus in
29、creas-ing the visibility of the penetrant indications. Nonaqueous, wetdevelopers, and aqueous developers are most commonly usedin solvent-removable processes. Liquid film developers alsoare used for special applications.6.4.1 Aqueous Developers are normally supplied as drypowder particles to be eith
30、er suspended or dissolved (soluble)in water. The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be inaccordance with manufacturers recommendations (see7.1.7.2).6.4.2 Nonaqueous, Wet Developers are supplied as suspen-sions of developer particles in a nonaqueous solvent carrier andare ready for use as supp
31、lied. They are applied to the surface byspraying after the excess penetrant has been removed and thesurface has dried. Nonaqueous, wet developers form a trans-lucent or white coating on the surface when dried, and serve asa contrasting background for fluorescent penetrants (see7.1.7.3). (WarningThis
32、 type of developer is intended forapplication by spray only.)6.4.3 Liquid Film Developers are solutions or colloidalsuspensions of resins/polymer in a suitable carrier. Thesedevelopers will form a transparent or translucent coating on thesurface of the part. Certain types of film developer may bestr
33、ipped from the part and retained for record purposes (see7.1.7.4).6.4.4 Dry DeveloperDry developer shall be applied insuch a manner as to allow contact of all surfaces to beinspected. Excess dry developer may be removed after thedevelopment time by light tapping or light air blow off notexceeding 5
34、psig. Minimum and maximum developer dwelltimes shall be 10 min to 4 h respectively.6Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.E12190527. Procedure7.1 The following general procedure (see Fig. 1) applies tothe solvent-removable fl
35、uorescent penetrant examinationmethod.7.1.1 Temperature LimitsThe temperature of the penetrantmaterials and the surface of the part to be processed should befrom 40 and 125F 4 and 52C. Where it is not practical tocomply with these temperature limitations, the procedure mustbe qualified at the temper
36、ature of intended use as described in9.2.7.1.2 Surface Conditioning Prior to Penetrant InspectionSatisfactory results can usually be obtained on surfaces in theas-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions or forceramics in the densified condition. When only loose surfaceresiduals are prese
37、nt, these may be removed by wiping thesurface with clean lint-free cloths. However, precleaning ofmetals to remove processing residuals such as oil, graphite,scale, insulating materials, coatings, and so forth, should bedone using cleaning solvents, vapor degreasing or chemicalremoving processes. Su
38、rface conditioning by grinding, ma-chining, polishing or etching shall follow shot, sand, grit andvapor blasting to remove the peened skin and when penetrantentrapment in surface irregularities might mask the indicationsof unacceptable discontinuities or otherwise interfere with theeffectiveness of
39、the examination. For metals, unless otherwisespecified, etching shall be performed when evidence exists thatprevious cleaning, surface treatments or service usage haveproduced a surface condition that degrades the effectiveness ofthe examination. (See Annex on Mechanical Cleaning andSurface Conditio
40、ning and Annex on Acid Etching in TestMethod E 165 for general precautions relative to surfacepreparation.)NOTE 3When agreed between purchaser and supplier, grit blastingwithout subsequent etching may be an acceptable cleaning method.(WarningSand or shot blasting may possibly close indications andex
41、treme care should be used with grinding and machining operations.)Incoming PartsPRECLEAN Alkaline Steam Vapor Degrease Solvent Wash Acid Etch(See 7.1.3.1)Mechanical Paint Stripper Ultrasonic DetergentDRY(See 7.1.3.2)DryPENETRANTAPPLICATION(See 7.1.4)ApplySolvent-RemovableFluorescentPenetrantREMOVE E
42、XCESSPENETRANT(See 7.1.5)SolventWipe-OffDRY(See 7.1.6)DryDEVELOP(See 7.1.7)NonaqueousWet, Liquid FilmDeveloperAqueousDeveloperDRY(see 7.1.6) DryEXAMINE(See 7.1.8) ExamineMechanicalWater Rinse Detergent WashPOST CLEAN(See 7.1.10 and Prac-tice E 165, Annex onPost Cleaning DryVapor Degrease Solvent Soa
43、k Ultrasonic CleanOutgoing PartsFIG. 1 Solvent-Removable Fluorescent Penetrant Examination General Procedure FlowsheetE1219053NOTE 4For structural or electronic ceramics, surface preparation bygrinding, sand blasting and etching for penetrant examination is notrecommended because of the potential fo
44、r damage.7.1.3 Removal of Surface Contamination:7.1.3.1 PrecleaningThe success of any penetrant exami-nation procedure is greatly dependent upon the surface anddiscontinuity being free of any contaminant (solid or liquid)that might interfere with the penetrant process. All parts orareas of parts to
45、be inspected must be clean and dry before thepenetrant is applied. If only a section of a part, such as a weldincluding the heat-affected zone, is to be examined, remove allcontaminants from the area being examined as defined by thecontracting parties. “Clean” is intended to mean that thesurface mus
46、t be free of any rust, scale, welding flux, spatter,grease, paint, oily films, dirt, etc., that might interfere withpenetration. All of these contaminants can prevent the pen-etrant from entering discontinuities. (WarningResiduesfrom cleaning processes, such as strong alkalies, picklingsolutions and
47、 chromates in particular, may adversely react withthe penetrant and reduce its sensitivity and performance.)7.1.3.2 Drying After CleaningIt is essential that the sur-faces be thoroughly dry after cleaning, since any liquid residuewill hinder the entrance of the penetrant. Drying may beaccomplished b
48、y warming the parts in drying ovens, withinfrared lamps, forced hot or cold air, or exposure to ambienttemperature.7.1.4 Penetrant ApplicationAfter the part has beencleaned, dried, and is within the specified temperature range,apply the penetrant to the surface to be inspected so that theentire part
49、 or area under examination is completely coveredwith penetrant.7.1.4.1 Modes of ApplicationThere are various modes ofeffective application of penetrant such as dipping, brushing,flooding, or spraying. Small parts are quite often placed insuitable baskets and dipped into a tank of penetrant. On largerparts, and those with complex geometries, penetrant can beapplied effectively by brushing or spraying. Both conventionaland electrostatic spray guns are effective means of applyingliquid penetrants to the part surfaces. Electrostatic sprayapplication can eliminate
