1、Designation: E1219 10Standard Practice forFluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice2covers procedures for fluorescent pen-etrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. Iti
3、s a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuitiesthat are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, coldshuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack offusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenanceexamination. It can be effectively used in the e
4、xamination ofnonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous,and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densifiedceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solvent-removable pro
5、cess recommended or required by individualorganizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability andcompleteness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specificationsdealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrantexamination of materials and parts. Agreement by the pur-cha
6、ser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques isstrongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities andpersonnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards forevaluation of the indications obtained. It should
7、 be pointed out,however, that indications must be interpreted or classified andthen evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate codeor specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size,location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,and those considered unacceptabl
8、e.1.4 All areas of this document may be open to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and the sup-plier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded asstandard. SI units given in parentheses are for informa
9、tion only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re
10、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used PetroleumProducts (Bomb Method)D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Meth
11、od)E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-tionE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-tive TestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASNT Documents:Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personn
12、el Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing4ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Certification ofNDT Personnel41This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on LiquidPenetrant and Magn
13、etic Particle Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1219 - 05. DOI:10.1520/E1219-10.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related TestMethod SE-1219 in Section II of that Code.
14、3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testin
15、g (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 Military Standard:5MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification2.4 AIA Standar
16、d:NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel62.5 Department of Defense (DoD) ContractsUnless oth-erwise specified, the issue of the documents that are DoDadopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS (Depart-ment of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards) ci
17、tedin the solicitation.2.6 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the references cited herein, the textof this practice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsdefinitions relating to liquid penetrant ex-amination, which appear in Terminology E1316, sh
18、all apply tothe terms used in this practice.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Aliquid, fluorescent penetrant is applied evenly over thesurface being tested and allowed to enter open discontinuities.After a suitable dwell time, the excess surface penetrant isremoved and the surface is dried prior to the appl
19、ication of anonaqueous, wet, or liquid film developer. If an aqueousdeveloper is to be employed, the developer is applied prior tothe drying step. The developer draws the entrapped penetrantout of the discontinuity, staining the developer. The surface isthen examined visually under black light to de
20、termine presenceor absence of indications. (WarningFluorescent penetrantexamination shall not follow a visible penetrant examinationunless the procedure has been qualified in accordance with 9.2,because visible dyes may cause deterioration or quenching offluorescent dyes.)NOTE 1The developer may be
21、omitted by agreement between pur-chaser and supplier.4.2 Processing parameters, such as precleaning, penetrationtime, etc., are determined by the specific materials used, thenature of the part under examination (that is, size, shape,surface condition, alloy), type of discontinuities expected, etc.5.
22、 Significance and Use5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the pres-ence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magni-tude of the detected discontinuities. This practice is intendedprimarily for portability and for localized areas of examination,utilizing minimal equipment,
23、when a higher level of sensitivitythan can be achieved using visible process is required. Surfaceroughness may be a limiting factor. If so, an alternative processsuch as post-emulsified penetrant should be considered, whengrinding or machining is not practical.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Fluorescen
24、t Solvent-Removable Liquid Penetrant Test-ing Materials, (see Note 2) consist of a family of applicablefluorescent penetrants, solvent removers, as recommended bythe manufacturer, and are classified as Type I Fluorescent,Method CSolvent-Removable. Intermixing of materialsfrom various manufacturers i
25、s not recommended. (WarningWhile approved penetrant materials will not adversely affectcommon metallic materials, some plastics or rubbers may beswollen or stained by certain penetrants.)NOTE 2Refer to 8.1 for special requirements for sulfur, halogen, andalkali metal content.6.2 Fluorescent Solvent-
26、Removable Penetrants, are de-signed so that excess surface penetrant can be removed bywiping with clean, lint-free material, and repeating the opera-tion until most traces of penetrant have been removed. Theremaining traces shall be removed by wiping the surface withclean, lint-free material lightly
27、 moistened with the solventremover. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinui-ties, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent.Flushing the surface with solvent to remove the excesspenetrant is prohibited.6.3 Solvent Removers function by dissolving the penetrant,making it possibl
28、e to wipe the surface clean and free of residualfluorescent penetrant as described in 7.1.5.6.4 DevelopersDevelopment of penetrant indications isthe process of bringing the penetrant out of discontinuitiesthrough blotting action of the applied developer, thus increas-ing the visibility of the penetr
29、ant indications. Nonaqueous, wetdevelopers, and aqueous developers are most commonly usedin solvent-removable processes. Liquid film developers alsoare used for special applications.6.4.1 Aqueous Developers are normally supplied as drypowder particles to be either suspended or dissolved (soluble)in
30、water. The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be inaccordance with manufacturers recommendations (see7.1.7.2).6.4.2 Nonaqueous, Wet Developers are supplied as suspen-sions of developer particles in a nonaqueous solvent carrier andare ready for use as supplied. They are applied to the surface
31、byspraying after the excess penetrant has been removed and thesurface has dried. Nonaqueous, wet developers form a trans-lucent or white coating on the surface when dried, and serve asa contrasting background for fluorescent penetrants (see7.1.7.3). (WarningThis type of developer is intended forappl
32、ication by spray only.)6.4.3 Liquid Film Developers are solutions or colloidalsuspensions of resins/polymer in a suitable carrier. Thesedevelopers will form a transparent or translucent coating on thesurface of the part. Certain types of film developer may bestripped from the part and retained for r
33、ecord purposes (see7.1.7.4).6.4.4 Dry DeveloperDry developer shall be applied insuch a manner as to allow contact of all surfaces to beinspected. Excess dry developer may be removed after the5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19
34、111-5094, Attn: NPODS.6Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005.E1219 102development time by light tapping or light air blow off notexceeding 5 psig. Minimum and maximum developer dwelltimes shall be 10 min to 4 h respectively.7
35、. Procedure7.1 The following general procedure (see Fig. 1) applies tothe solvent-removable fluorescent penetrant examinationmethod.7.1.1 Temperature LimitsThe temperature of the penetrantmaterials and the surface of the part to be processed should befrom 40 and 125F (4 and 52C). Where it is not pra
36、ctical tocomply with these temperature limitations, the procedure mustbe qualified at the temperature of intended use as described in9.2.7.1.2 Surface Conditioning Prior to Penetrant InspectionSatisfactory results can usually be obtained on surfaces in theas-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged
37、conditions or forceramics in the densified condition. When only loose surfaceresiduals are present, these may be removed by wiping thesurface with clean lint-free cloths. However, precleaning ofmetals to remove processing residuals such as oil, graphite,scale, insulating materials, coatings, and so
38、forth, should bedone using cleaning solvents, vapor degreasing or chemicalremoving processes. Surface conditioning by grinding, ma-chining, polishing or etching shall follow shot, sand, grit andvapor blasting to remove the peened skin and when penetrantentrapment in surface irregularities might mask
39、 the indicationsof unacceptable discontinuities or otherwise interfere with theeffectiveness of the examination. For metals, unless otherwisespecified, etching shall be performed when evidence exists thatprevious cleaning, surface treatments or service usage haveproduced a surface condition that deg
40、rades the effectiveness ofthe examination. (See Annex on Mechanical Cleaning andSurface Conditioning and Annex on Acid Etching in TestMethod E165 for general precautions relative to surfacepreparation.)Incoming PartsPRECLEAN Alkaline Steam Vapor Degrease Solvent Wash Acid Etch(See 7.1.3.1)Mechanical
41、 Paint Stripper Ultrasonic DetergentDRY(See 7.1.3.2)DryPENETRANTAPPLICATION(See 7.1.4)ApplySolvent-RemovableFluorescentPenetrantREMOVE EXCESSPENETRANT(See 7.1.5)SolventWipe-OffDRY(See 7.1.6)DryDEVELOP(See 7.1.7)NonaqueousWet, Liquid FilmDeveloperAqueousDeveloperDRY(see 7.1.6) DryEXAMINE(See 7.1.8) E
42、xamineMechanicalWater Rinse Detergent WashPOST CLEAN(See 7.1.10 and Prac-tice E165, Annex onPost Cleaning DryVapor Degrease Solvent Soak Ultrasonic CleanOutgoing PartsFIG. 1 Solvent-Removable Fluorescent Penetrant Examination General Procedure FlowsheetE1219 103NOTE 3When agreed between purchaser an
43、d supplier, grit blastingwithout subsequent etching may be an acceptable cleaning method.(WarningSand or shot blasting may possibly close indications andextreme care should be used with grinding and machining operations.)NOTE 4For structural or electronic ceramics, surface preparation bygrinding, sa
44、nd blasting and etching for penetrant examination is notrecommended because of the potential for damage.7.1.3 Removal of Surface Contamination:7.1.3.1 PrecleaningThe success of any penetrant exami-nation procedure is greatly dependent upon the surface anddiscontinuity being free of any contaminant (
45、solid or liquid)that might interfere with the penetrant process. All parts orareas of parts to be inspected must be clean and dry before thepenetrant is applied. If only a section of a part, such as a weldincluding the heat-affected zone, is to be examined, remove allcontaminants from the area being
46、 examined as defined by thecontracting parties. “Clean” is intended to mean that thesurface must be free of any rust, scale, welding flux, spatter,grease, paint, oily films, dirt, etc., that might interfere withpenetration. All of these contaminants can prevent the pen-etrant from entering discontin
47、uities. (WarningResiduesfrom cleaning processes, such as strong alkalies, picklingsolutions and chromates in particular, may adversely react withthe penetrant and reduce its sensitivity and performance.)7.1.3.2 Drying After CleaningIt is essential that the sur-faces be thoroughly dry after cleaning,
48、 since any liquid residuewill hinder the entrance of the penetrant. Drying may beaccomplished by warming the parts in drying ovens, withinfrared lamps, forced hot or cold air, or exposure to ambienttemperature.7.1.4 Penetrant ApplicationAfter the part has beencleaned, dried, and is within the specif
49、ied temperature range,apply the penetrant to the surface to be inspected so that theentire part or area under examination is completely coveredwith penetrant.7.1.4.1 Modes of ApplicationThere are various modes ofeffective application of penetrant such as dipping, brushing,flooding, or spraying. Small parts are quite often placed insuitable baskets and dipped into a tank of penetrant. On largerparts, and those with complex geometries, penetrant can beapplied effectively by brushing or spraying. Both conventionaland electrostatic spray guns are effective means
