1、Designation: E1219 16Standard Practice forFluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice2covers procedures for fluorescent pen-etrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. Iti
3、s a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuitiesthat are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, coldshuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack offusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenanceexamination. It can be effectively used in the e
4、xamination ofnonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous,and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densifiedceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solvent-removable pro
5、cess recommended or required by individualorganizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability andcompleteness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specificationsdealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrantexamination of materials and parts. Agreement by the pur-cha
6、ser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques isstrongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities andpersonnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards forevaluation of the indications obtained. It should
7、 be pointed out,however, that indications must be interpreted or classified andthen evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate codeor specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size,location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,and those considered unacceptabl
8、e.1.4 All areas of this document may be open to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and thesupplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded asstandard. SI units given in parentheses are for informati
9、on only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refe
10、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used PetroleumProducts (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D1552 Test Met
11、hod for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and IR DetectionE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination forGeneral IndustryE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-tionE543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1316 Terminology for
12、Nondestructive ExaminationsE2297 Guide for Use of UV-Aand Visible Light Sources andMeters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic ParticleMethodsE3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteris-tics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used inFluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testin
13、g2.2 ASNT Documents:Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing4ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Certification of NDTPersonnel41This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct respons
14、ibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on LiquidPenetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1219 -10. DOI: 10.1520/E1219-16.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications se
15、e related TestMethod SE-1219 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Avai
16、lable from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 ISO Standard:5ISO 9712 Nondestructive TestingQualificati
17、on and Certi-fication of NDT PersonnelGeneral Principles2.4 AIA Standard:NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel62.5 Department of Defense (DoD) ContractsUnless oth-erwise specified, the issue of the documents that are DoDadopted are those listed in the issue of the D
18、oDISS (Depart-ment of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards) citedin the solicitation.2.6 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the references cited herein, the textof this practice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsdefinitions relating
19、to liquid penetrantexamination, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall applyto the terms used in this practice.NOTE 1Throughout this practice, the term “blacklight” has beenchanged to “UV-A” to conform with the latest terminology in E1316.“Blacklight” can mean a broad range of ultraviolet radiatio
20、n; fluorescentpenetrant inspection only uses the “UV-A” range.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Aliquid, fluorescent penetrant is applied evenly over thesurface being tested and allowed to enter open discontinuities.After a suitable dwell time, the excess surface penetrant isremoved and the surface is dried
21、 prior to the application of adry, nonaqueous, wet, or liquid film developer. If an aqueousdeveloper is to be employed, the developer is applied prior tothe drying step. The developer draws the entrapped penetrantout of the discontinuity, staining the developer. The surface isthen examined visually
22、under black light to determine presenceor absence of indications. (WarningFluorescent penetrantexamination shall not follow a visible penetrant examinationunless the procedure has been qualified in accordance with 9.2,because visible dyes may cause deterioration or quenching offluorescent dyes.)NOTE
23、 2The developer may be omitted by agreement betweenpurchaser and supplier.4.2 Processing parameters, such as precleaning, penetrationtime, etc., are determined by the specific materials used, thenature of the part under examination (that is, size, shape,surface condition, alloy), type of discontinui
24、ties expected, etc.5. Significance and Use5.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate thepresence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature andmagnitude of the detected discontinuities. This practice isintended primarily for portability and for localized areas ofexamination, utilizing mi
25、nimal equipment, when a higher levelof sensitivity than can be achieved using visible process isrequired. Surface roughness may be a limiting factor. If so, analternative process such as post-emulsified penetrant should beconsidered, when grinding or machining is not practical.6. Reagents and Materi
26、als6.1 Fluorescent Solvent-Removable Liquid Penetrant Test-ing Materials, (see Note 3) consist of a family of applicablefluorescent penetrants, solvent removers, as recommended bythe manufacturer, and are classified as Type I Fluorescent,Method CSolvent-Removable. Intermixing of materialsfrom variou
27、s manufacturers is not recommended. (WarningWhile approved penetrant materials will not adversely affectcommon metallic materials, some plastics or rubbers may beswollen or stained by certain penetrants.)NOTE 3Refer to 8.1 for special requirements for sulfur, halogen, andalkali metal content.6.2 Flu
28、orescent Solvent-Removable Penetrants, are de-signed so that excess surface penetrant can be removed bywiping with clean, lint-free material, and repeating the opera-tion until most traces of penetrant have been removed. Theremaining traces shall be removed by wiping the surface withclean, lint-free
29、 material lightly moistened with the solventremover. To minimize removal of penetrant fromdiscontinuities, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excesssolvent. Flushing the surface with solvent to remove the excesspenetrant is prohibited.6.3 Solvent Removers function by dissolving the penetrant,ma
30、king it possible to wipe the surface clean and free of residualfluorescent penetrant as described in 7.1.5.6.4 DevelopersDevelopment of penetrant indications isthe process of bringing the penetrant out of discontinuitiesthrough blotting action of the applied developer, thus increas-ing the visibilit
31、y of the penetrant indications. Nonaqueous, wetdevelopers, and aqueous developers are most commonly usedin solvent-removable processes. Liquid film developers alsoare used for special applications.6.4.1 Aqueous Developers are normally supplied as drypowder particles to be either suspended or dissolv
32、ed (soluble)in water. The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be inaccordance with manufacturers recommendations (see7.1.7.2).6.4.2 Nonaqueous, Wet Developers are supplied as suspen-sions of developer particles in a nonaqueous solvent carrier andare ready for use as supplied. They are applied
33、to the surface byspraying after the excess penetrant has been removed and thesurface has dried. Nonaqueous, wet developers form a trans-lucent or white coating on the surface when dried, and serve asa contrasting background for fluorescent penetrants (see7.1.7.3). (WarningThis type of developer is i
34、ntended forapplication by spray only.)6.4.3 Liquid Film Developers are solutions or colloidalsuspensions of resins/polymer in a suitable carrier. Thesedevelopers will form a transparent or translucent coating on the5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secr
35、etariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.6Available from the Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1000Wilson Blvd, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928.E1219 162surface of the part. Certain types of film developer may bestrip
36、ped from the part and retained for record purposes (see7.1.7.4).6.4.4 Dry DeveloperDry developer shall be applied insuch a manner as to allow contact of all surfaces to beinspected. Excess dry developer may be removed after thedevelopment time by light tapping or light air blow off notexceeding 5 ps
37、ig. Minimum and maximum developer dwelltimes shall be 10 min to 4 h respectively.7. Procedure7.1 The following general procedure (see Fig. 1) applies tothe solvent-removable fluorescent penetrant examinationmethod.7.1.1 Temperature LimitsThe temperature of the penetrantmaterials and the surface of t
38、he part to be processed should befrom 40 and 125F (4 and 52C). Where it is not practical tocomply with these temperature limitations, the procedure mustbe qualified at the temperature of intended use as described in9.2.7.1.2 Surface Conditioning Prior to Penetrant InspectionSatisfactory results can
39、usually be obtained on surfaces in theas-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions or forceramics in the densified condition. When only loose surfaceresiduals are present, these may be removed by wiping thesurface with clean lint-free cloths. However, precleaning ofmetals to remove process
40、ing residuals such as oil, graphite,scale, insulating materials, coatings, and so forth, should bedone using cleaning solvents, vapor degreasing or chemicalremoving processes. Surface conditioning by grinding,machining, polishing or etching shall follow shot, sand, gritand vapor blasting to remove t
41、he peened skin and whenpenetrant entrapment in surface irregularities might mask theindications of unacceptable discontinuities or otherwise inter-fere with the effectiveness of the examination. For metals,unless otherwise specified, etching shall be performed whenevidence exists that previous clean
42、ing, surface treatments orservice usage have produced a surface condition that degradesthe effectiveness of the examination. (See Annex on CleaningParts and Materials in Practice E165/E165M for generalprecautions relative to surface preparation.)NOTE 4When agreed between purchaser and supplier, grit
43、 blastingwithout subsequent etching may be an acceptable cleaning method.(WarningSand or shot blasting may possibly close indications andextreme care should be used with grinding and machining operations.)NOTE 5For structural or electronic ceramics, surface preparation bygrinding, sand blasting and
44、etching for penetrant examination is notrecommended because of the potential for damage.7.1.3 Removal of Surface Contamination:7.1.3.1 PrecleaningThe success of any penetrant exami-nation procedure is greatly dependent upon the surface anddiscontinuity being free of any contaminant (solid or liquid)
45、that might interfere with the penetrant process. All parts orareas of parts to be inspected must be clean and dry before theIncoming PartsPRECLEAN Alkaline Steam Vapor Degrease Solvent Wash Acid Etch(See 7.1.3.1)Mechanical Paint Stripper Ultrasonic DetergentDRY(See 7.1.3.2)DryPENETRANTAPPLICATION(Se
46、e 7.1.4)ApplySolvent-RemovableFluorescentPenetrantREMOVE EXCESSPENETRANT(See 7.1.5)SolventWipe-OffDRY(See 7.1.6)DryDEVELOP(See 7.1.7)NonaqueousWet, Liquid FilmDeveloperAqueousDeveloperDRY(see 7.1.6) DryEXAMINE(See 7.1.8) ExamineMechanicalWater Rinse Detergent WashPOST CLEAN(See 7.1.10 and Prac-tice
47、E165/E165M, An-nex onPost Cleaning DryVapor Degrease Solvent Soak Ultrasonic CleanOutgoing PartsFIG. 1 Solvent-Removable Fluorescent Penetrant Examination General Procedure FlowsheetE1219 163penetrant is applied. If only a section of a part, such as a weldincluding the heat-affected zone, is to be e
48、xamined, remove allcontaminants from the area being examined as defined by thecontracting parties. “Clean” is intended to mean that thesurface must be free of any rust, scale, welding flux, spatter,grease, paint, oily films, dirt, etc., that might interfere withpenetration. All of these contaminants
49、 can prevent the pen-etrant from entering discontinuities. (WarningResiduesfrom cleaning processes, such as strong alkalies, picklingsolutions and chromates in particular, may adversely react withthe penetrant and reduce its sensitivity and performance.)7.1.3.2 Drying After CleaningIt is essential that the sur-faces be thoroughly dry after cleaning, since any liquid residuewill hinder the entrance of the penetrant. Drying may beaccomplished by warming the parts in drying ovens, withinfrared lamps, forced hot or cold air, or exposure to ambienttemperature.7.
