1、Designation: E 1300 07e1Standard Practice forDetermining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorially corrected figure references in October 20071. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine the loadresistance of sp
3、ecified glass types, including combinations ofglass types used in a sealed insulating glass unit, exposed to auniform lateral load of short or long duration, for a specifiedprobability of breakage.1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing inbuildings for which the specified design loa
4、ds consist of windload, snow load and self-weight with a total combined magni-tude less than or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf). This practice shallnot apply to other applications including, but not limited to,balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glassmembers and glass shelves.1.3 This p
5、ractice applies only to monolithic, laminated, orinsulating glass constructions of rectangular shape with con-tinuous lateral support along one, two, three or four edges. Thispractice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges for two,three and four sided support conditions are simply supportedand f
6、ree to slip in plane (2) glass supported on two sides actsas a simply supported beam, and (3) glass supported on oneside acts as a cantilever.1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired,patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched or groovedglass with surface and edge treatments that a
7、lter the glassstrength.1.5 This practice addresses only the determination of theresistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thicknessand type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of otherfactors (see 5.3).1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determineapproximate maximu
8、m lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1and Appendix X2 provide additional procedures to determinemaximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on foursides. Appendix X3 presents a procedure to compute approxi-mate probability of breakage for annealed monolithic glasslites simply supported on
9、 four sides.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. For conversion of quantities in various systems ofmeasurements to SI units refer to SI 10.1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculatingthe mandatory
10、 type factors in Tables 1-3 and comments ontheir conservative values.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
11、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat GlassKindHS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated GlassC 1172 Specification for LaminatedArchitectural Flat GlassD 4065 Practice for P
12、lastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties: Determination and Report of ProceduresE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsSI 10 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E 631 for additional terms
13、usedin this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), nfor glass simply supported onfour sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to theshort dimension of the glass is always equal to or greater than1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides,
14、 the ratio of thelength of one of the supported edges perpendicular to the freeedge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or greater than0.5.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 onPe
15、rformance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1300 04e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Ser
16、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 glass breakage, nthe fracture of any
17、lite or ply inmonolithic, laminated, or insulating glass.3.2.3 Glass Thickness:3.2.3.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, naterm that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass asspecified in Table 4 and Specification C 1036.3.2.3.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG),na
18、 term used to specify a LG construction based on thecombined thicknesses of component plies.(a) Add the minimum thicknesses of the individual glassplies and the interlayer thickness. If the sum of all interlayerthicknesses is greater than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm(0.060 in.) in the calculation
19、.(b) Select the monolithic thickness designation in Table 4having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or lessthan the value obtained in 3.2.3.2 (a).(c) Exception: The construction of two 6 mm (14 in.) glassplies plus 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) interlayer shall be defined as 12mm (12 in.).3.2.4 G
20、lass Types:3.2.4.1 annealed (AN) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass liteof uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses arenearly zero as defined in Specification C 1036.3.2.4.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial
21、 heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edgecompression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined inSpecification C 1048.3.2.4.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjecte
22、d to aspecial heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than52 MPa (7500 psi) as defined in Specification C 1048.3.2.4.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, nany combination oftwo glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air orother
23、 gas.3.2.4.5 laminated glass (LG), na flat lite of uniformthickness consisting of two or more monolithic glass pliesbonded together with an interlayer material as defined inSpecification C 1172. DiscussionMany different interlayermaterials are used in laminated glass. The information in thispractice
24、 applies only to polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer orthose interlayers that demonstrate equivalency according toAppendix X10.3.2.5 glass type (GT) factor, na multiplying factor foradjusting the load resistance of different glass types, that is,annealed, heat-strengthened, or fully tempered in monol
25、ithic,LG or IG constructions.3.2.6 lateral, adjperpendicular to the glass surface.3.2.7 load, na uniformly distributed lateral pressure.3.2.7.1 specified design load, nthe magnitude in kPa(psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of theload given by the specifying authority.3.2.7.2 load r
26、esistance (LR), nthe uniform lateral loadthat a glass construction can sustain based upon a givenprobability of breakage and load duration.(a) DiscussionMultiplying the non-factored load fromfigures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share (LS)factors gives the load resistance associated with
27、a breakageprobability less than or equal to 8 lites per 1000.3.2.7.3 long duration load, nany load lasting approxi-mately 30 days. DiscussionFor loads having durations otherthan3sor30days, refer to Table X6.1.3.2.7.4 non-factored load (NFL), nthree second durationuniform load associated with a proba
28、bility of breakage lessthan or equal to 8 lites per 1000 for monolithic annealed glassas determined from the figures in Annex A1.3.2.7.5 glass weight load, nthe dead load component ofthe glass weight.3.2.7.6 short duration load, nany load lasting3sorless.TABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single
29、 Lite ofMonolithic or Laminated GlassGTFGlass Type Short Duration Load (3 sec) Long Duration Load (30 day)AN 1.0 0.43HS 2.0 1.3FT 4.0 3.0TABLE 2 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG),Short Duration LoadLite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Lamina
30、ted Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6TABLE 3 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG),Long Duration Load (30 day)Lite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Lamina
31、ted Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.39 0.39 0.43 1.25 0.43 2.85HS 1.25 0.43 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85FT 2.85 0.43 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85TABLE 4 Minimum Glass ThicknessesNominalThickness orDesignation,mm (in.)MinimumThickness,mm (in.)2.5 (332) 2.16 (0.085)2.7 (lami) 2.59 (0.102)3.0 (18) 2.
32、92 ( 0.115)4.0 (532) 3.78 ( 0.149)5.0 (316) 4.57 (0.180)6.0 (14) 5.56 (0.219)8.0 (516) 7.42 (0.292)10.0 (38) 9.02 (0.355)12.0 (12) 11.91 (0.469)16.0 (58) 15.09 (0.595)19.0 (34) 18.26 (0.719)22.0 (78) 21.44 (0.844)E130007e123.2.8 load share (LS) factor, na multiplying factor de-rived from the load sh
33、aring between the two lites, of equal ordifferent thicknesses and types (including the layered behaviorof laminated glass under long duration loads), in a sealed IGunit.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThe LS factor is used along with theglass type factor (GTF) and the non-factored load (NFL) valuefrom the non-fac
34、tored load charts to give the load resistance ofthe IG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specificlite only.3.2.9 probability of breakage (Pb), nthe fraction of glasslites or plies that would break at the first occurrence of aspecified load and duration, typically expressed in lites pe
35、r1000.3.2.10 specifying authority, nthe design professional re-sponsible for interpreting applicable regulations of authoritieshaving jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specificfactors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate thespecified design load, and furnishing other inf
36、ormation re-quired to perform this practice.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load,the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required,and a statement, or details, showing that the glass edge supportsystem meets the stiffness requirement in 5.2.4.4.
37、2 The procedure specified in this practice shall be used todetermine the uniform lateral load resistance of glass inbuildings. If the load resistance is less than the specified load,then other glass types and thicknesses may be evaluated to finda suitable assembly having load resistance equal to or
38、exceed-ing the specified design load.4.3 The charts presented in this practice shall be used todetermine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection.Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 present two additional proce-dures to determine the approximate maximum lateral deflectionfor a specified load on glas
39、s simply supported on four sides.4.4 An optional procedure for determining the probability ofbreakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X3.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used to determine the load resistance ofspecified glass types and constructions exposed to uniformlateral load
40、s.5.2 Use of this practice assumes:5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properlyglazed,5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glassthat has been in service for several years, and is weaker thanfreshly manufactured glass due to
41、minor abrasions on exposedsurfaces,5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff tolimit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to nomore than1175 of their lengths. The specified design load shallbe used for this calculation.5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not res
42、ult in loss ofedge support.NOTE 1This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glassdeflection.5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type andthickness selection. These factors include but are not limitedto: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass,the effect
43、s of windborne debris, excessive deflections, behaviorof glass fragments after breakage, seismic effects, heat flow,edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage conse-quences, and so forth. In addition, considerations set forth inbuilding codes along with criteria presented in safety glazings
44、tandards and site specific concerns may control the ultimateglass type and thickness selection.5.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard,the design professional shall use engineering analysis andjudgment to determine the load resistance of glass in buildings.6. Procedure6.1 Sele
45、ct a glass type, thickness, and construction forload-resistance evaluation.6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Four Sides:6.2.1 Determine the non-factored load (NFL) from theappropriate chart in Annex A1 (the upper charts of FigsA1.1A1.12) for the glass thickness a
46、nd size.6.2.2 Determine the glass type factor (GTF) for the appro-priate glass type and load duration (short or long) from Table1.6.2.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the load resistance (LR)of the lite.6.2.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof glass) deflection from the appropriate char
47、t inAnnexA1 (thelower charts of Figs. A1.1A1.12) for the designated glassthickness, size, and design load. If the maximum lateraldeflection falls outside the charts in Annex A1, then use theprocedures outlined in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.6.3 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinu
48、ously Along Three Sides:6.3.1 Determine the non-factored load (NFL) from theappropriate chart in Annex A1 (the upper charts of Figs.A1.13A1.24) for the designated glass thickness and size.6.3.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.3.3 Multi
49、ply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.3.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the lower charts in Figs A1.13A1.24) for thedesignated glass thickness, size, and design load.6.4 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Two Opposite Sides:6.4.1 Determine the NFLfrom the upper chart of Fig.A1.25for the designated glass thickness and length of unsupportededges.6.4.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration
