1、Designation: E 1300 09aStandard Practice forDetermining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures to determine the loadresistance (LR) of specified glass types, including combina-tions of glass type
3、s used in a sealed insulating glass (IG) unit,exposed to a uniform lateral load of short or long duration, fora specified probability of breakage.1.2 This practice applies to vertical and sloped glazing inbuildings for which the specified design loads consist of windload, snow load and self-weight w
4、ith a total combined magni-tude less than or equal to 10 kPa (210 psf). This practice shallnot apply to other applications including, but not limited to,balustrades, glass floor panels, aquariums, structural glassmembers, and glass shelves.1.3 This practice applies only to monolithic, laminated, ori
5、nsulating glass constructions of rectangular shape with con-tinuous lateral support along one, two, three, or four edges.This practice assumes that (1) the supported glass edges fortwo, three, and four-sided support conditions are simplysupported and free to slip in plane; (2) glass supported on two
6、sides acts as a simply supported beam; and (3) glass supportedon one side acts as a cantilever.1.4 This practice does not apply to any form of wired,patterned, etched, sandblasted, drilled, notched, or groovedglass with surface and edge treatments that alter the glassstrength.1.5 This practice addre
7、sses only the determination of theresistance of glass to uniform lateral loads. The final thicknessand type of glass selected also depends upon a variety of otherfactors (see 5.3).1.6 Charts in this practice provide a means to determineapproximate maximum lateral glass deflection. Appendix X1and App
8、endix X2 provide additional procedures to determinemaximum lateral deflection for glass simply supported on foursides. Appendix X3 presents a procedure to compute approxi-mate probability of breakage for annealed (AN) monolithicglass lites simply supported on four sides.1.7 The values stated in SI u
9、nits are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. For conversion of quantities in various systems ofmeasurements to SI units, refer to SI 10.1.8 Appendix X4 lists the key variables used in calculatingthe mandatory type factors in Tables 1-3 and comments
10、 ontheir conservative values.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
11、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat GlassKindHS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated GlassC 1172 Specification for LaminatedArchitectural Flat GlassD 4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties:
12、 Determination and Report of ProceduresE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsSI 10 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E 631 for additional terms usedin this practice.3.2 Definitions of
13、Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aspect ratio (AR), nfor glass simply supported onfour sides, the ratio of the long dimension of the glass to theshort dimension of the glass is always equal to or greater than1.0. For glass simply supported on three sides, the ratio of thelength of one of the su
14、pported edges perpendicular to the freeedge, to the length of the free edge, is equal to or greater than0.5.3.2.2 etched glass, nglass surface that has been attackedwith hydrofluoric acid or other agent, generally for marking ordecoration.3.2.3 glass breakage, nthe fracture of any lite or ply inmono
15、lithic, laminated, or insulating glass.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 onPerformance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published Ju
16、ly 2009. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E 1300 09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summ
17、ary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 Glass Thickness:3.2.4.1 thickness designation for monolithic glass, naterm that defines a designated thickness for monolithic glass asspecified in Tabl
18、e 4 and Specification C 1036.3.2.4.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG),na term used to specify a LG construction based on thecombined thicknesses of component plies.(1) Add the minimum thicknesses of the individual glassplies and the interlayer thickness. If the sum of all interlayerthi
19、cknesses is greater than 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm(0.060 in.) in the calculation.(2) Select the monolithic thickness designation in Table 4having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or lessthan the value obtained in 3.2.4.2 (1).(3) Exception: The construction of two 6-mm (14-n.) gla
20、ssplies plus 0.76-m (0.030-n.) interlayer shall be defined as 12mm (12 in.).3.2.5 Glass Types:3.2.5.1 annealed (AN) glass, na flat, monolithic, glass liteof uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses arenearly zero as defined in Specification C 1036.3.2.5.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, na f
21、lat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edgecompression not less than 67 MPa (9700 psi) as defined inSpecification C 1048.3.2.5.3 heat strengthened (HS
22、) glass, na flat, monolithic,glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to aspecial heat treatment process where the residual surfacecompression is not less than 24 MPa (3500 psi) or greater than52 MPa (7500 psi) as defined in Specification C 1048.3.2.5.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, nan
23、y combination oftwo glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air orother gas.3.2.5.5 laminated glass (LG), na flat lite of uniformthickness consisting of two or more monolithic glass pliesbonded together with an interlayer material as defined inSpecification C 1172.(1) DiscussionMany diff
24、erent interlayer materials areused in LG. The information in this practice applies only topolyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer or those interlayers thatdemonstrate equivalency according to Appendix X10.3.2.6 glass type factor (GTF), na multiplying factor foradjusting the LR of different glass types, t
25、hat is,AN, HS, or FTin monolithic glass, LG, or IG constructions.3.2.7 lateral, adjperpendicular to the glass surface.3.2.8 load, na uniformly distributed lateral pressure.3.2.8.1 specified design load, nthe magnitude in kPa(psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of theload given by the
26、 specifying authority.3.2.8.2 load resistance (LR), nthe uniform lateral loadthat a glass construction can sustain based upon a givenprobability of breakage and load duration.(1) DiscussionMultiplying the non-factored load (NFL)from figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share(LS) factors
27、gives the LR associated with a breakage probabil-ity less than or equal to 8 lites per 1000.3.2.8.3 long duration load, nany load lasting approxi-mately 30 days.(1) DiscussionFor loads having durations other than 3 sor 30 days, refer to Table X6.1.3.2.8.4 non-factored load (NFL), nthree second durat
28、ionuniform load associated with a probability of breakage lessthan or equal to 8 lites per 1000 for monolithic AN glass asdetermined from the figures in Annex A1.3.2.8.5 glass weight load, nthe dead load component ofthe glass weight.3.2.8.6 short duration load, nany load lasting3sorless.3.2.9 load s
29、hare (LS) factor, na multiplying factor de-rived from the load sharing between the double glazing, ofTABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite ofMonolithic or Laminated Glass (LG)GTFGlass Type Short Duration Load (3 s) Long Duration Load (30 days)AN 1.0 0.43HS 2.0 1.3FT 4.0 3.0TABLE 2 Glass
30、 Type Factors (GTF) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Short Duration LoadLite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6TABLE 3
31、 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Double Glazed InsulatingGlass (IG), Long Duration Load (30 day)Lite No. 1Monolithic Glass orLaminated Glass TypeLite No. 2Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass TypeAN HS FTGTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2AN 0.39 0.39 0.43 1.25 0.43 2.85HS 1.25 0.43 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85FT 2.85
32、 0.43 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85TABLE 4 Minimum Glass ThicknessesNominalThickness orDesignation,mm (in.)MinimumThickness,mm (in.)2.5 (332) 2.16 (0.085)2.7 (lami) 2.59 (0.102)3.0 (18) 2.92 ( 0.115)4.0 (532) 3.78 ( 0.149)5.0 (316) 4.57 (0.180)6.0 (14) 5.56 (0.219)8.0 (516) 7.42 (0.292)10.0 (38) 9.02 (0.355)1
33、2.0 (12) 11.91 (0.469)16.0 (58) 15.09 (0.595)19.0 (34) 18.26 (0.719)22.0 (78) 21.44 (0.844)E 1300 09a2equal or different thicknesses and types (including the layeredbehavior of LG under long duration loads), in a sealed IG unit.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe LS factor is used along with theGTF and the NFL va
34、lue from the NFL charts to give the LR ofthe IG unit, based on the resistance to breakage of one specificlite only.3.2.10 patterned glass, nrolled flat glass having a patternon one or both surfaces.3.2.11 probability of breakage (Pb), nthe fraction of glasslites or plies that would break at the firs
35、t occurrence of aspecified load and duration, typically expressed in lites per1000.3.2.12 sandblasted glass, nflat glass with a surface thathas been sprayed by sand or other media at high velocities toproduce a translucent effect.3.2.13 specifying authority, nthe design professional re-sponsible for
36、 interpreting applicable regulations of authoritieshaving jurisdiction and considering appropriate site specificfactors to determine the appropriate values used to calculate thespecified design load, and furnishing other information re-quired to perform this practice.3.2.14 wired glass, nflat glass
37、with a layer of wire strandsor mesh completely embedded in the glass.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The specifying authority shall provide the design load,the rectangular glass dimensions, the type of glass required,and a statement, or details, showing that the glass edge supportsystem meets the stiffnes
38、s requirement in 5.2.4.4.2 The procedure specified in this practice shall be used todetermine the uniform lateral LR of glass in buildings. If theLR is less than the specified load, then other glass types andthicknesses may be evaluated to find a suitable assemblyhaving LR equal to or exceeding the
39、specified design load.4.3 The charts presented in this practice shall be used todetermine the approximate maximum lateral glass deflection.Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 present two additional proce-dures to determine the approximate maximum lateral deflectionfor a specified load on glass simply suppor
40、ted on four sides.4.4 An optional procedure for determining the probability ofbreakage at a given load is presented in Appendix X3.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is used to determine the LR of specifiedglass types and constructions exposed to uniform lateral loads.5.2 Use of this practice
41、assumes:5.2.1 The glass is free of edge damage and is properlyglazed,5.2.2 The glass has not been subjected to abuse,5.2.3 The surface condition of the glass is typical of glassthat has been in service for several years, and is weaker thanfreshly manufactured glass due to minor abrasions on exposeds
42、urfaces,5.2.4 The glass edge support system is sufficiently stiff tolimit the lateral deflections of the supported glass edges to nomore than1175 of their lengths. The specified design load shallbe used for this calculation.5.2.5 The center of glass deflection will not result in loss ofedge support.
43、NOTE 1This practice does not address aesthetic issues caused by glassdeflection.5.3 Many other factors shall be considered in glass type andthickness selection. These factors include but are not limitedto: thermal stresses, spontaneous breakage of tempered glass,the effects of windborne debris, exce
44、ssive deflections, behaviorof glass fragments after breakage, seismic effects, heat flow,edge bite, noise abatement, potential post-breakage conse-quences, and so forth. In addition, considerations set forth inbuilding codes along with criteria presented in safety glazingstandards and site specific
45、concerns may control the ultimateglass type and thickness selection.5.4 For situations not specifically addressed in this standard,the design professional shall use engineering analysis andjudgment to determine the LR of glass in buildings.6. Procedure6.1 Select a glass type, thickness, and construc
46、tion forload-resistance evaluation.6.2 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Four Sides:6.2.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the upper charts of Figs A1.1A1.12) for the glassthickness and size.6.2.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass ty
47、pe andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.2.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.2.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof glass) deflection from the appropriate chart inAnnexA1 (thelower charts of Figs. A1.1A1.12) for the designated glassthickness, size, and desi
48、gn load. If the maximum lateraldeflection falls outside the charts in Annex A1, then use theprocedures outlined in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.6.3 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Three Sides:6.3.1 Determine the NFL from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the upper c
49、harts of Figs. A1.13A1.24) for thedesignated glass thickness and size.6.3.2 Determine the GTF for the appropriate glass type andload duration (short or long) from Table 1.6.3.3 Multiply NFL by GTF to get the LR of the lite.6.3.4 Determine the approximate maximum lateral (centerof unsupported edge) deflection from the appropriate chart inAnnex A1 (the lower charts in Figs A1.13A1.24) for thedesignated glass thickness, size, and design load.6.4 For Monolithic Single Glazing Simply Supported Con-tinuously Along Two Opposite Sides:6.4.1 D
