1、Designation: E 1317 97a (Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFlammability of Marine Surface Finishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure formeasuring fire properties associated wi
3、th flammable behaviorof surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboardship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishesintended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacingmaterials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhe-sives used to fasten the veneers to the
4、bulkheads and ceilings,paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.NOTE 1This test method has been prepared to closely follow the testprocedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1).2Optional provisions notapplicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.1.2 Tests performed a
5、ccording to this test method areintended to yield fire properties that, when appropriatelyinterpreted, are potentially useful to select materials andsurface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread offire.1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimenradiant thermal exposur
6、e for measuring fire properties.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products,
7、or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulator
8、y limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials3E 162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of MaterialsUsing a Radiant Heat Energy Source3E 176 Terminology of
9、Fire Standards3E 286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of BuildingMaterials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace4E 648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source3E 970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of ExposedAttic Floor Insulation U
10、sing a Radiant Heat EnergySource3E 1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition andFlame Spread Properties32.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):CFR Title 46, Part 164.009, Noncombustible Materials52.3 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTMDetailed drawings (19), construction information, and partslist (Adjunct t
11、o E1317)63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used inthis test method, refer to Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, na thermocouple forthe purpose of generating an electrical signal representinglong-term chang
12、es in the stack metal temperatures wherein afraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signaldeveloped by the stack-gas thermocouples.3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n a flux level at thespecimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthestadvance and subsequent self-extingu
13、ishment of the flame onthe centerline of a specimen.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe flux reported is based on calibra-tion tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.3.2.3 dummy specimena noncombustible (as defined by46 CFR 164.009) specimen used for standardizing the operat-ing condition of the equipmen
14、t, roughly 20 mm in thicknesswith a density of 7506 100 kg/m3.3.2.4 fume stacka box-like duct with thermocouples andbaffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burning1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
15、ttee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published August 1997. Originallypublished as E 1317 90. Last previous edition E 1317 97.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.4Disc
16、ontinued; see 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Detailed drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters. RequestADJE1317.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
17、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specimen pass whose purpose is to permit measurement of theheat release from the burning specimen.3.2.5 heat for ignitionthe product of time from initialspecimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mmposition and the flux level at this positio
18、n, the latter obtained inprior calibration of the apparatus.3.2.6 heat for sustained burningthe product of time frominitial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,and the incident flux level at that same location as measuredwith a dummy specimen during calibration.3.2.7 marine boarda
19、n insulation board of 750 6 100kg/m3density that meets the noncombustibility criteria of 46CFR 164.009.3.2.8 measured heat release of specimenthe observed heatrelease under the variable flux field imposed on the specimenand measured as defined by this test method.3.2.9 mirror assemblya mirror, marke
20、d and aligned withthe viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying andtracking the flame front progress.3.2.10 reverberatory wiresa wire mesh located in front of,but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat sourcewhich serves to enhance the combustion efficiency and in-crease the ra
21、diance of the panel.3.2.11 special calibration dummy specimena dummyspecimen as defined by Fig. 1, made of the same material as thedummy specimen, intended only for use in calibration of fluxgradient along the specimen.3.2.12 viewing rakesa set of bars with wires spaced at50-mm intervals for the pur
22、pose of increasing the precision oftiming the flame front progress along the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-bility characteristics of 155 by 800-mm specimens in a verticalorientation. The specimens are exposed to a graded radiant-fluxfield
23、supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are providedfor observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishmentof flame along the length of the specimen as well as formeasuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gasthermocouples as the burning progresses. Results are reportedin t
24、erms of heat for ignition, heat for sustained burning, criticalflux at extinguishment, and heat release of the specimen duringburning.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of theflammable performance of surface finish materials used inconstructing and outfitting
25、 ships.5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mountedon the support material contemplated for use and subjected toa controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a verticalplane.5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test:5.4.1 Bulkhead spe
26、cimens having surface veneers, fabrics,or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lowerexposed surface.5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated andair backed, tests also shall be conducted on the back (upper)surfac
27、e of the material.5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring materials are tested on theupper exposed surface.5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate tothe flammability of the specimens
28、tested. These include ignit-ability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux atextinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure conditions applied.5.6 This test method does not provide:5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finishmaterials supported by b
29、acking materials other than thosetested.5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials whenused in other thicknesses than those tested.5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as ameasure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimenstested.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Equipment
30、Figs. 2-6 show photographs of theequipment as assembled ready for test. Detailed drawings anda parts list are available from ASTM.6These provide engineer-ing information necessary for the fabrication of the mainframe, specimen holders, stack, and other parts of the equip-ment. Some commercially avai
31、lable units have added safetyfeatures that are not described in the drawings. Brief parts listfor the test equipment assembly includes:6.1.1 Main Frame (see Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) consisting oftwo separate sections; the burner frame and the specimensupport frame. These two units are bolted together
32、 withthreaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.6.1.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of thespecimen during test. At least two of these are required. Usingthree of these will prevent delays resulting from requiredcooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.NOTE 1All di
33、mensions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient CalibrationE 1317 97a (2002)26.1.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheetsteel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete withgas and stack-metal compensating thermocouples (also see Fig.5).6.1.4 Radiant Panel (2)
34、 (see Fig. 4) shall have heatedsurface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panelconsists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.6.1.5 Air and Fuel SupplyAn air and fuel supply tosupport combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flowmetering device, gas-control valves, pressure re
35、ducer andsafety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-ments are summarized as follows:6.1.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m3/h at a pressuresufficient to overcome the friction loss through the line,metering device, and radiant panel (Note 2). The radiant panelpressure drop amo
36、unts to only a few millimetres of water.FIG. 2 (a) General View of the ApparatusFIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front View (continued)1Specimen support frame2Specimen holder3Flame-front viewing mirror4Viewing rake5Radiation pyrometer6Radiant panel assembly7Viewing rake for horizontal specimen
37、not used in this testmethodFIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion FrameFIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy SpecimenE 1317 97a (2002)3NOTE 2In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the air line thisflow rate can be roughly set by holding a lighted match with its axishorizontal and close to the panel ti
38、le face. The match flame should deviatefrom the vertical by about 10.6.1.5.2 The fuel gas used shall be either natural gas ormethane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain aconstant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either bya manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer
39、. Theventuri mixer will allow control of the flux level of the panelby adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include anelectrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in theevent of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss ofheat at the burner surface. The fuel gas
40、flow requirements shallbe 1.0 to 3.7 m3/h at a pressure sufficient to overcome pressurelosses.6.1.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack,flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror areall assembled on the specimen support frame. The arrangementof parts on this frame is
41、evident in Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2(b), and Fig.3.FIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment ShowingSpecimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack ThermocoupleAssembly1Pilot flame2Viewing rakeNOTE 1Two burners are provided; only one for the non-contractingpilot is operating.FIG. 6 Pilot Flame and Dummy
42、 AssemblyFIG. 7 StackSpecimen Position DimensionsE 1317 97a (2002)46.1.7 A dummy specimen of marine board of the thicknessand density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted onthe apparatus in the position of the specimen except duringactual testing.6.2 Instrumentation:6.2.1 Total Radiation
43、 PyrometerThis instrument shall becompensated for its temperature variation and shall have asensitivity between the thermal wavelengths of 1 and 9 m thatis nominally constant and shall view a centrally located area onthe radiant panel of about 150 by 300 mm. The instrument shallbe rigidly mounted on
44、 the specimen support frame in such amanner that it will be directed at the radiant panel surfaceoriented for specimens in the vertical positions.6.2.2 Heat FluxmetersIt is desirable to have at least twofluxmeters for this test method. They shall be of the thermopiletype with a sensitivity of approx
45、imately 10 mV at 50 kW/m2and capable of operation at three times this rating. One of theseshall be retained as a laboratory reference standard. They shallhave been calibrated to an accuracy of 65 % or better. Thetime constant of these instruments shall not be more than 290ms (corresponding to a time
46、 to reach 95 % of final output of notmore than 1 s). The target sensing the applied flux shall occupyan area not more than 4 by 4 mm and be located flush with andat the center of the water cooled 25 mm circular exposedmetallic end of the fluxmeter. If fluxmeters of smaller diameterare to be used, th
47、ese shall be inserted into a copper sleeve of 25mm outside diameter in such a way that good thermal contactis maintained between the sleeve and water cooled fluxmeterbody. The end of the sleeve and exposed surface of thefluxmeter shall lie in the same plane. Radiation shall not passthrough any windo
48、w before reaching the fluxmeter sensingsurface.6.2.3 Timing Devices, such as either a paper tape chrono-graph, as well as digital clock with second resolution, digitalstopwatch with a memory for ten times, an audio tape recorder,a data acquisition/computer system, or an audio visual (VCR)instrument
49、shall be provided to measure the times of ignitionand flame front advancement with resolution to110 s.6.2.4 Recording MillivoltmeterA two-channel multirangerecording millivoltmeter having at least 1 MV input resistanceshall be used to record signals from the fume stack thermo-couples (see Fig. A1.3) and the output from the radiationpyrometer. The signal from the fume stack will in mostinstances be less than 15 mV. The sensitivity of the otherchannel shall be selected to require less than full scaledeflection with the total radiation pyrometer o
