1、Designation: E 1352 02An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up UpholsteredFurniture Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method is designed for the a
3、ssessment of theresistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies tocombustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relativeresistance of combustion of materials used in upholsteredfurniture such as cover materials, cus
4、hioning materials, welts,etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometricarrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides offurniture items.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 Thi
5、s standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditio
6、ns.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specifi
7、c hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards2E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Te
8、rminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bolsterpillow or similarly shaped unit containingupholstery material covered by upholstery cover material thatmay or may not be attached to the upholstered furniture itembut is sold and delivered with it.3.2.2 deckthe upholster
9、ed support under the seat cushionin a loose-seat construction.3.2.3 furniture mock-up or assemblya representation ofproduction furniture that uses the same upholstery covermaterial and upholstery material, constructed in the samemanner as in production furniture, but with straight, verticalsides.3.2
10、.4 quiltedfused or stitched with thread through theupholstery cover material and one or more layers of upholsterymaterial.3.2.5 tuftedbuttoned or laced through the upholsterycover material and upholstery material.3.2.6 upholstered furniture for the purpose of this testmethod, a unit of interior furn
11、ishing that (1) contains anysurface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholsterymaterial, and ( 3) is intended or promoted for sitting orreclining upon.3.2.7 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer offabric or related material
12、used to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.8 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fillingmaterial used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or locatedbetween the uphols
13、tery cover material and support system, ifpresent.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originallypublished as
14、 E 1352 90. Last previous edition E 1352 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,ma
15、terial such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill,bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.9 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord andcover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tofinish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or back
16、s.3.2.10 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindricalmaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is used to evaluate the cigaretteignition resistance of upholstered furniture by expos
17、ingmock-up upholstered furniture assemblies to lighted cigarettesas an ignition source.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to measure the performanceof upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditionsof exposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished bytesting f
18、urniture assemblies.5.2 This test method is recommended for upholstered fur-niture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes,residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in thepublic area of facilities such as educational, assembly, orresidential occupancies.5.3 This test meth
19、od is not intended to measure the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture material assemblies underconditions of open-flame exposure, and does not indicatewhether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flameunder severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner thatdiffers substantially from the
20、 test method.5.4 The results obtained with a material assembly tested inmock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessarilyindicate the performance of the same material assembly inother geometric configurations, such as in production furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mock-upElements
21、 of the mock-up test jigs are illus-trated in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 3 shows the completed mock-upassemblies.6.2 Ignition Source, consisting of cigarettes without filtertips, made from natural tobacco 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.3(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm3) and
22、 a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz(1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigaretteis allowed to burn downward in a draft-protected area.NOTE 1With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a verticalposition, the burning rate is
23、 determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.(10 to 50 mm), measured from the top.6.3 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundere
24、d in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting materialshall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.4 Test Area, equipped with a suitable system for exhaust-ing smoke and noxious gases produced duri
25、ng testing. The testshall be carried out in a draft protected area. The maximumairflow across the sample face shall be less than 50 ft (15.2m)/min.6.5 Extinguishing Equipment:6.5.1 Pressurized-Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suitablefire-extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.5.2 Water B
26、otte, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the mock-up.6.5.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burningmaterials removed from the mock-up.6.5.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to immer-sion.FIG. 1 Frame for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test(b) Panel
27、for Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG. 2 Panels for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up TestE 1352 0226.5.5 Gloves.6.5.6 Breathing Apparatus.6.6 Miscellaneous Other apparatus required to carry outthe testing are:6.6.1 Straight Pins.6.6.2 Knife or Scissors.6.6.3 Linear Scale, at least 6 in. (15 cm) long and
28、graduatedin inches or millimeters in110 or116-in. divisions.7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that atest be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdef
29、initely occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avo
30、id exposure to smokeand gases produced during testing as much as possible. A largehood with a low air velocity may be in operation during testingto remove products of combustion.8. Test Specimen8.1 Specimen ConditioningCondition test samples, ciga-rettes, and sheeting material at a temperature of 73
31、.4 6 9F(23 6 5C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for at least 24h immediately prior to testing. If the test room conditions donot meet the above specifications, then testing shall be initiatedwithin 10 min after the materials are removed from theconditioned room. The mock-up assembly shall be co
32、nstructedin the conditioned area.8.2 GeneralProduce furniture mock-up by arranging up-holstery cover material and upholstery materials in the samesequence as they were used in the production furniture.Construct the various parts of the mock-up as described in8.2-8.7. In all cases, the arrangement an
33、d thickness of uphol-stery material in the mock-up shall reproduce the constructiondetails of the production furniture being evaluated.8.3 Loose Seat CushionsMake seat cushions in the samesize and manner and with the same material as productionfurniture. The cushion thickness shall be a maximum of 5
34、 in.(13 cm).8.3.1 ExceptionCushions 25 by 22 in. (68 by 55 cm) maybe used if actual cushion dimensions exceed these values.8.4 DecksPrepare decks (if they are part of the furnitureitem) by attaching to the horizontal panel (Fig. 2(a) of the testapparatus the same materials in the same thickness as u
35、sed inthe actual furniture construction. Stretch decking or upholsterycover material over the upholstery materials and securelyfasten to the underside of the wood panel.8.5 Tight SeatIf the type of furniture item is constructedwith only tight seats, duplicate the seat for test in mock-up.Tight seat
36、cushions shall be 18 6 2by226 2 in. (45 6 5by55 6 5 cm) and made of the same fabric and the samethickness used in production furniture. Attach the cushionassembly to the horizontal panel of the test apparatus (see Fig.2(b) by extending the upholstery cover material around thepanel edges and fastenin
37、g the cover material to the underside ofthe wood panel.8.6 Side and Back PanelsFurniture sides and backs shallbe mocked-up if, in the type of furniture to be represented bythe mock-up, they are within 1 in. (2.5 cm) of a seat cushion.Make the mock-ups by upholstering one surface of the verticaltest
38、panel (see Fig. 2(b) with the same upholstery material andupholstery cover material used in production furniture. Stretchthe upholstery cover material over the upholstery material andfasten to the back side of the framework. Cover all edges of thepanels with cover material. If the side and back cons
39、truction ofthe furniture item are the same, only one vertical panel need beassembled and tested.8.7 BolstersBolsters resting on the seat cushion or sus-pended above it tend to confine the heat from the cigarette andoften present a spatial arrangement different from the crevice.In such cases, prepare
40、 a mock-up bolster with dimensions to fitinto the mock-up arrangement and which presents to thecigarette the same spatial arrangement as in production furni-ture.8.8 Armrests and Tops of BacksTest tops of armrests andback if (1) they present a surface large enough and so orientedas to support a ciga
41、rette and (2) if the construction differs inany way from the side-panel and back-panel constructions.Make tops of armrests and backs by upholstering a piece of0.5-in. (1.3-cm) thick plywood, approximately 12 by 20 in. (30by 50 cm) with the same materials used in the furniture item.The mock-up shall
42、reproduce significant details of the con-struction of production furniture.9. Procedure9.1 Assemble a mock-up test sample by attaching the side orback panels, or both, to the mock-up frame and placing a seatcushion (either loose or tight seat construction) against thepanels, as shown in Fig. 3(b). P
43、lace the assembly on a table or(a) Armrest and Tops of Back and Seat Support System(b) Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG. 3 Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up TestE 1352 023platform in the test area under an exhaust hood or other suitablemeans for exhausting the products of combustion from testing.Test sep
44、arately the decks for loose cushion items, top ofarmrests, and backs. The test to evaluate upholstered furniturematerial assemblies for cigarette ignition resistance may re-quire two vertical panels, one seat cushion (loose or tight), onebolster, one deck, one top of armrest, and one top of back.9.2
45、 Burn at least three cigarettes on each surface location(see Fig. 3(a) and ( b). These locations include crevice(s)where seat cushion and vertical panels meet, seat cushionsurfaces (including welt and smooth, quilted or tufted areas),top of upholstered arm rest, tops of upholstered back, and deck.9.
46、3 For crevice locations, place the two cigarettes next to thecenter cigarette in the crevice so that their butt ends burn out atleast 3 in. (7.5 cm) from the outermost edge of the side of theback panel. Place the cigarettes horizontally. Place two of thethree cigarettes so that their entire length b
47、urns out against thewelt cord and the vertical panel surface. Place the thirdcigarette so that its entire length burns out against the welt cordand a horizontal surface of the seat cushion.9.4 Each test cigarette shall be well-lighted and burned notmore than 0.16 in. (4 mm) when placed on a specific
48、 testlocation. After placement, cover each cigarette with a piece ofsheeting material. For crevice tests, pin one end of the sheetingmaterial to the vertical panels (approximately 2 in. (5 cm)above the cigarette) and drop the remaining material tocompletely cover the test cigarette. For all tests, e
49、nsure that agood sheeting material-to-cigarette contact is made by runningones finger across the full length of the covered cigarette.9.5 To test a seat cushion (either loose or tight), burn threecovered cigarettes on each different surface location encoun-tered.9.5.1 For the purposes of this test, consider smooth surfaces,welt edges, fused or threaded portions of quilts, and tuftdepressions as different surface locations on a seat cushion.Arrange test cigarettes so that the butt ends burn out on thethreads of a quilt or in tuft depressions. The s
