1、Designation: E1353 08a1E1353 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe old Precision and Bias statement was removed editorially in July 2010 as a com
3、plete statement is nowgiven in Section 22.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 These test methods are designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture component assemblies tocombustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions.1.
4、3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture componentscover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials, barriermaterials, and filling or padding materials including but not limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamed or cellularfilling materials, resilient pads of natural
5、 or man-made fibers, and loose particulate filling materials (such as shredded polyurethaneor feathers and down).1.4 The individual test methods and the materials to which they apply are as follows:1.4.1 Cover Fabric TestApplies to outer cover fabrics (see Sections 10 and 11).1.4.2 Interior Fabric T
6、estApplies to interior fabrics used in intimate contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 12 and 13).1.4.3 Welt Cord TestApplies to welt cord (see Sections 14 and 15).1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component TestApplies to resilient materials used under the cover fabric in seats or in inside verticalwalls (in
7、side arm and inside backs) (see Sections 16 and 17).1.4.5 Decking Materials TestApplies to resilient materials used in the deck under loose cushions (see Sections 18 and 19).1.4.6 Barrier Materials TestApplies to materials that are intended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric and conventional
8、polyurethane foam (see Sections 20 and 21).1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard is used to measure and
9、 describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not
10、purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section
11、 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Federal Specifications:3Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D, Cloth, Ticking, Twill, Cotton; Type I1 These test methods are under the
12、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishings andContents.Current edition approved April 1, 2008Sept. 1, 2016. Published April 2008October 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asE1353
13、08.E1353 08a1. DOI: 10.1520/E1353-08A.10.1520/E1353-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Avai
14、lable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Beca
15、useit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appea
16、rs at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA260 Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture3. Ter
17、minology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckin upholstered furniture, the upholstered support under the seat cushion in a loose seat construction.3.2.2 obvious ignitionpronounced
18、continuous and self-sustaining combustion of the test system accompanied by rapidgeneration of heat and smoke. It is a matter of operator judgment based upon experience in this type of operation.3.2.3 upholsteredcovered with material (as fabric or padding) to provide a soft surface.3.2.4 upholstered
19、 furniturefor the purpose of these test methods, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains any surface thatis covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric or related upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholstery material, and (3) isintended or promoted for sitting or reclining upon.3.2.5 u
20、pholstery cover materialthe outermost layer of fabric or related material used to enclose the main support system orupholstery materials, or both, used in the furniture item.3.2.6 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or filling material used in a furniture item, which may be either loose oratta
21、ched, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or located between the upholstery cover material and support system, if present.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to, material such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill, bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.7 weltthe piping effect p
22、roduced when welt cord and cover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes to finish theedges between intersecting surfaces of upholstered furniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.8 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindrical material that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part
23、of the cover tomake a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods consist of several tests used to evaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of component materials used inthe manufacture of upholstered furniture. Each test involves a miniature assembly consist
24、ing of the component to be tested, alongwith other specified materials, mounted on a plywood mock-up that resembles a small chair seat and back.The assembly is exposedto a lighted cigarette as an ignition source.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to estimate the performance o
25、f upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure to asmoldering cigarette. This is accomplished by testing furniture component assemblies. However, interactions between componentsin production furniture are not necessarily predicted by component assembly testing.5.2 These test methods are not in
26、tended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture under conditions of open flameexposure, and do not indicate whether the furniture will resist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure or when testedin a manner that differs substantially from the test standard.5.3 The results obt
27、ained with a material component tested in mock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do not necessarilyindicate the performance of the same material component in other geometric configurations, such as in full-size furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester (MMT) (see Fig. 1):6
28、.1.1 The mini-mock-up tester consists of a base with a centrally located guide and a stationary vertical panel, a movablehorizontal carriage, and a removable vertical support panel.6.1.2 The base consists of two wooden panels, each nominally 8 by 8 in. with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, joined togethe
29、r at oneedge. The carriage has a 5 by 8-in. (125 by 203-mm) platform to support a horizontal specimen. The platform is 2.5 in. (38 mm)above the floor of the base and has a 1.5-in. (38-mm) lip at the front edge. The carriage is grooved to fit over a guide providedon the floor of the base. The removab
30、le vertical support panel consists of a wooden panel nominally 8 by 8 in. and with nominal0.75-in. thickness, which stands against the vertical wall of the base.4 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1353 1626.2 D
31、ecking Materials Tester (DMT) (see Fig. 2)The decking materials tester consists of a plywood base and a plywoodretainer ring. The base measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in. (533 by 343 by 13 mm). The retainer ring measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in.with an opening measuring 16 by 8.5 in. (406 by 216 mm).6.3 Ign
32、ition Source,The ignition consisting of source shall consist of SRM 1196 cigarettes without filter tips, made from naturaltobacco, 3.4 6 0.13.3 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2(83 6 2 mm) long with a tobacco packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 ozoz/in.in.2 3(0.270 6 0.020 g/cmgcm23) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.00
33、4 oz (1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in.Standard Reference Material SRM 1196 min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigarette is allowed to burndownward in a draft-protected area. is obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.NOTE 1With the c
34、igarette supported at the bottom in a vertical position, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in. (10 to 50mm) measured from the top.6.4 Standard Type I Cover FabricThe standard Type I cover fabric shall be 100 % cotton mattress ticking conforming to Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D.
35、It shall be laundered and tumble-dried once before using.6.5 Standard Type II Cover FabricThe standard Type II cover fabric shall be UFAC standard Type II, 100 % bright regularrayon, scoured, 20/2, ring spun, basketweave construction, 8.0 6 0.5 ozyd2 (271 6 12 g/m2), undyed, containing no flame-reta
36、rdant finishes or back coating.6.6 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover the test cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 % cottonbed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2 (125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in an automatic home clotheswashing machine and d
37、ried in a tumble drier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting material shall be cut into piecesapproximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5 cm).6.7 Standard Polyurethane Foam SubstrateThe standard polyurethane foam substrate shall be open-celled polyether-typeurethane, containing no inorganic
38、 fillers or flame retardants, having a density of 1.3 to 1.6 lb/ft3 (20 to 25 kg/m3).6.8 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry out the testing are: straight pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors, tongs,and a linear scale graduated in millimeters and tenths of an inch.FIG. 1 Mini-Mock-Up T
39、esterFIG. 2 Decking Materials TesterE1353 1636.9 Air VelocityAir velocity across the test assemblies shall be maintained below 50 ft/min (15.2 m/min) in order to minimizelocalized effects from draft superheating of cigarette embers.NOTE 1A fume hood with air curtains across the face and zero air vel
40、ocity at the test locations is recommended. Zero air velocity is indicated byan undisturbed vertical smoke plume of 6 in.6.10 Extinguishing Equipment:6.10.1 Pressurized Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suitable fire extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.10.2 Water Bottle, fitted with a s
41、pray nozzle to extinguish any ignited portions of the test specimen.6.10.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burning materials removed from the tester.6.10.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to immersion.6.10.5 Gloves.6.10.6 Breathing apparatus.6.11 Draft-Free EnclosureAn open
42、draft preventive enclosure shall be provided and used to restrict airflow to convection only(see Fig. 3).7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observed conditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a point where itcannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that a test be disco
43、ntinued as soon as continuing combustion has definitelyoccurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with a water spray from the water bottle, remove the charred or burned material, andimmerse the material in a bucket of water. Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and da
44、ngerous to test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smoke andgases produced during testing as much as possible. The use of a large hood with a low air velocity during testing is advisable, asa means to remove products of combustion.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all test upholstery fabric
45、s and test materials (including polyurethane, cigarettes, and sheeting material) at atemperature of 70 6 5F (21 6 2.8C) and less than 65 % relative humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing. If the test roomconditions do not meet the specifications above for the conditioning room, then the testing
46、 shall be initiated within 10 min afterthe specimens are removed from the conditioning room.9. Report9.1 Report the following information for each component:9.1.1 Test procedure used,9.1.2 Total number of cigarettes applied,9.1.3 Whether ignition occurred,9.1.4 Individual maximum lengths for each sp
47、ecimen, measured to the nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm),9.1.4.1 Measurements exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm) shall be reported as follows: 2 in.,9.1.5 Whether Class A or Class B, and9.1.6 Test room conditions.COVER FABRIC TEST10. Test Specimen10.1 Cut three specimens, each 8 by 8 in. (203 by 203 mm), from the mat
48、erial to be tested for horizontal panels, and threespecimens, 8 by 15 in. (203 by 381 mm), for vertical panels.10.2 Cut each specimen with its long dimension in the direction of the warp and assembled for testing in a warp-to-warporientation, such that the major areas of weave variation will lie in
49、the crevice of the assembled test apparatus.FIG. 3 Draft EnclosureE1353 16410.3 For fabrics with complex weaves, cut specimens so that portions of the three largest areas of weave complexity arecontacted by the cigarettes placed on the test assemblies. For dyed or printed fabrics, or both, color shall not constitute a differencewith respect to cigarette ignition resistance in this test.11. Procedure11.1 For horizontal panels, place the 8 by 8-in. (203 by 203-mm) cover fabric specimen on an 8 by 5 by 2-in. (203 by 127 by51-mm) polyurethan
