1、Designation: E 1465 07aStandard Practice forRadon Control Options for the Design and Construction ofNew Low-Rise Residential Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the design and construction of tworadon control options for use in new l
3、ow-rise residentialbuildings. These unobtrusive (built-in) soil depressurizationoptions are installed with a pipe route appropriate for theirintended initial mode of operation, that is, fan-powered orpassive. One of these pipe routes should be installed during aresidential buildings initial construc
4、tion. Specifications for thecritical gas-permeable layer, the radon systems piping, andradon entry pathway reduction are comprehensive and com-mon to both pipe routes.1.1.1 The first option has a pipe route appropriate for afan-powered radon reduction system. The radon fan should beinstalled after (
5、1) an initial radon test result reveals unaccept-able radon concentrations and therefore a need for an operatingradon fan or (2) the owner has specified an operating radon fan,as well as acceptable radon test results before occupancy. Fanoperated soil depressurization radon systems reduce indoorrado
6、n concentrations up to 99 %.1.1.2 The second option has a more efficient pipe routeappropriate for passively operated radon reduction systems.Passively operated radon reduction systems provide radonreductions of up to 50 %. When the radon test results for abuilding with an operating passive system a
7、re not acceptable,that system should be converted to fan-powered operation.Radon systems with pipe routes installed for passive operationcan be converted easily to fan-powered operation; such fanoperated systems reduce indoor radon concentrations up to99 %.1.2 The options provide different benefits:
8、1.2.1 The option using the pipe route for fan-poweredoperation is intended for builders with customers who wantmaximum unobtrusive built-in radon reduction and docu-mented evidence of an effective radon reduction system beforea residential building is occupied. Radon systems with fan-powered type pi
9、pe routes allow the greatest architecturalfreedom for vent stack routing and fan location.1.2.2 The option using the pipe route for passive operationis intended for builders and their customers who want unob-trusive built-in radon reduction with the lowest possibleoperating cost, and documented evid
10、ence of acceptable radonsystem performance before occupancy. If a passive systemsradon reduction is unacceptable, its performance can be sig-nificantly increased by converting it to fan-powered operation.1.3 Fan-powered, soil depressurization, radon-reductiontechniques, such as those specified in th
11、is practice, have beenused successfully for slab-on-grade, basement, and crawlspacefoundations throughout the world.1.4 Radon in air testing is used to assure the effectiveness ofthese soil depressurization radon systems. The U.S. nationalgoal for indoor radon concentration, established by the U.S.C
12、ongress in the 1988 Indoor Radon Abatement Act, is toreduce indoor radon as close to the levels of outside air as ispracticable. The radon concentration in outside air is assumedto be 0.4 picocuries per litre (pCi/l) (15 Becquerels per cubicmetre (Bq/m3); the U.S.s average radon concentration inindo
13、or air is 1.3 pCi/L (50 Bq/m3). The goal of this practice isto make available new residential buildings with indoor radonconcentrations below 2.0 pCi/L (75 Bq/m3) in occupiablespaces.1.5 This practice is intended to assist owners, designers,builders, building officials and others who design, manage,
14、 andinspect radon systems and their construction for new low-riseresidential buildings.1.6 This practice can be used as a model set of practices,which can be adopted or modified by state and local jurisdic-tions, to fulfill objectives of their residential building codes andregulations. This practice
15、 also can be used as a reference for thefederal, state, and local health officials and radiation protectionagencies.1.7 The new dwelling units covered by this practice havenever been occupied. Radon reduction for existing low riseresidential buildings is covered by Practice E 2121, or by stateand lo
16、cal building codes and radiation protection regulations.1.8 Fan-powered soil depressurization, the principal strat-egy described in this practice, offers the most effective andmost reliable radon reduction of all currently available strate-gies. Historically, far more fan-powered soil depressurizati
17、onradon reduction systems have been successfully installed andoperated than all other radon reduction methods combined.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 on AirLeakage and Ventilation Per
18、formance.Current edition approved July 15, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallypublished as E 1465 92. Discontinued in 1998 and reinstated as E 1465 06. Lastprevious edition E 1465 07.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
19、s.These methods are not the only methods for reducing indoorradon concentrations (1, 2, and 3)21.9 Section 7 is Occupational Radon Exposure and WorkerSafety.1.10 Appendix X1 is Principles of Operation for Fan-Powered Soil Depressurization Radon Reduction.1.11 Appendix X2 is a Summary of Practice E 1
20、465 Re-quirements for Installation of Radon Reduction Systems in NewLow Rise Residential Building.1.12 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re-garded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not cons
21、idered standard.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to us
22、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD 1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl
23、Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D 2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D 2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe4D 2466 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 4
24、0D 2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD 2665 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and FittingsD 2729 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Sewer Pipe and FittingsD 2
25、751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe and FittingsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1643 Practice for Installation of Water Vapor RetardersUsed in Contact with Earth or Granular Fill Under Con-crete SlabsE 1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarder
26、sUsed in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under ConcreteSlabsE 2121 Practice for Installing Radon Mitigation Systems inExisting Low-Rise Residential BuildingsF 405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipeand FittingsF 628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 4
27、0 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeWith a Cellular CoreF 891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular Core2.2 Other Publications:ACI 332 Requirements for Residential Concrete Construc-tion and Commentary5ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirementsfo
28、r Masonry Structures5ASME B36.10M “Welded and Seamless Wrought SteelPipe,” March 20016International One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code, Appen-dix D7International Residential Code (IRC), Chapter 4 andAppen-dix F7NCMA TEK 3-11 Concrete Masonry Basement Wall Con-struction8NCMA TEK 15-1B Allowable Stress
29、 Design of ConcreteMasonry Foundation Walls8NCMA TEK 15-2B Strength Design of Reinforced Con-crete Masonry Walls8NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, Chap-ters 36, 41, 43 and 49, 20039One and Two Family Dwelling Code10Uniform Building Code, Chapters 18, 19 and 21113. Terminology3.1 Defin
30、itions for standard terminology can be found inTerminology E 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptable radon concentrationunless determinedotherwise by statute, is the new buildings maximum allowablein indoor radon concentration. The acceptable radon concen-tration is t
31、hat to which the buyer and the seller agree, providedthat the agreed to radon concentration is less than the U.S.Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) recommended ac-tion level for radon in indoor air. When there has been noagreement about the buildings acceptable indoor radon con-centrations, that
32、 radon concentration should be less than thethen current U.S. EPA recommended action level. As of thiswriting the U.S. EPA recommended action level is to reducethe radon concentrations in residential buildings that have test2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the
33、end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from American Concr
34、ete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.7Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 220
35、41.8Available from the National Concrete Masonry Association, (NCMA) 13750Sunrise Valley Drive Herndon, VA 20171-4662.9Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.10Available from the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), 5203Leesbur
36、g Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 22041.11Available from the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO),Whittier, CA.E 1465 07a2results showing 4 picocuries per litre (pCi/L) (150 becquerelsof radon per cubic metre (Bq/m3) or more (4).3.2.2 channel drainan interior basement water draina
37、gesystem typically consisting ofa1to2-in. (25 to 50-mm) gapbetween the interior of a basement wall and the concrete floorslab.3.2.3 gas-permeable layerthe sub-slab or sub-membranelayer of gas-permeable material, ideally a clean course aggre-gate like crushed stone or other specified gas-permeablemat
38、erial that supports the concrete slab or plastic membraneand through which a negative pressure field extends from thesuction point pipe to the foundation walls and footings.3.2.4 ground coverfor purposes of this standard, groundcovers are concrete slabs, thin concrete slabs, and plasticmembranes, th
39、at are installed in soil depressurization radonreduction systems to seal the top of the gas-permeable layer.Ground covers are sealed at seams, pipe and other penetrationsand at the perimeter.3.2.5 initial radon testa radon test for indoor air per-formed according to applicable U.S. EPA and state pro
40、tocols(10, 11), with devices that meet U.S. EPA requirements andlisted by a recognized radon proficiency program. The purposeof an initial radon test is to determine the radon concentrationin the occupiable space of a residential building, while thefan-powered radon reduction system is not operating
41、. Thedecision to reduce indoor radon concentrations is usually basedon the initial radon test result. Equipment that can lower radonconcentrations by diluting the indoor radon, like heat recoveryventilators and central air conditioning systems that draw inmake-up air, should not be operated during t
42、he initial radontest.Aradon reduction system should not be operated during aninitial radon test.3.2.5.1 DiscussionPassive radon reduction systemsshould be tested only with post-mitigation radon tests becausepassive radon systems have not been designed to be disabled.3.2.6 karstan area of irregular l
43、imestone in which erosionhas produced fissures, sinkholes, caves, caverns, and under-ground streams.3.2.7 low-rise residential buildinga structure for perma-nent human occupancy containing one or more dwelling unitsand (1) in jurisdictions where a basement is not defined as astory, having three or f
44、ewer stories or (2) in jurisdictions wherea basement is defined as a story, having four or fewer stories.For determining whether a basement or cellar counts as a storyabove grade, refer to legally adopted general building codeenforced in local jurisdiction.3.2.8 manifold pipingthis piping collects t
45、he air flow fromtwo or more suction points. In the case of a single suction pointsystem, there is no manifold piping, since suction point pipingis connected directly to the vent stack piping.3.2.9 occupiable spacesfor purposes of this standard,occupiable spaces are areas of buildings where human bei
46、ngsspend or could spend time, on a regular or occasional basis.3.2.9.1 DiscussionExamples of occupiable spaces arethose that are or could be used for sleeping, cooking, aworkshop, a hobby, reading, student home work, a home office,entertainment (TV, music, computer, and so forth) physicalworkout, la
47、undry, games, or childs play.3.2.10 post-mitigation radon testa radon test for indoorair performed according to applicable U.S. EPA and stateprotocols (10, 11), with devices that meet U.S. EPA require-ments and listed by a recognized radon proficiency program.The purpose of the post-mitigation radon
48、 test is to determinethe radon concentration in the occupiable space of a residentialbuilding while the radon reduction system is operating. Post-mitigation radon tests results are usually used to evaluate theperformance of a buildings radon reduction system. Equip-ment that can lower radon concentr
49、ations by diluting the indoorradon, like heat recovery ventilators, and central air condition-ing systems that draw in make-up air, should not be operatedduring the post-mitigation radon test, unless they have manu-facturers labels that state specifically that these appliances areintended to reduce indoor radon concentrations. Radon reduc-tion systems are operated during the post-mitigation radon test.3.2.11 radon system pipingthis piping is composed ofthree parts: suction point piping, manifold piping, and ventstack piping.3.2.12 recognized proficiency p
