ASTM E1474-2014 Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Cal.pdf
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1、Designation: E1474 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furnitureand Mattress Components or Composites Using a BenchScale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediate
2、ly following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test
3、 method provides a means for measuring the ignition time and heat release of the compositeupholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumptioncalorimeter.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used todetermine the ignitability and heat release fr
4、om the compositesof contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholsteredfurniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consump-tion calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the timeto sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heatrelease, and effective heat
5、of combustion at a constant initialtest heat flux of 35 kW/m2. This test method is also suitable toobtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The speci-men is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source isused.1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effec-tive heat of
6、 combustion are determined using the apparatus andprocedures described in Test Method E1354.1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimenscombining the furniture or mattress outer layer components.Frame elements are not included.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestanda
7、rd. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment
8、of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
9、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 6.1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology
10、 Relating to TextilesD5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal andCokeE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using a ThermopileMethodE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smo
11、ke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption Calorimeter2.2 Other Documents:CA TB 133, Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Fur-niture for Use in Public Occupancies31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct resp
12、onsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke andCombustion Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1474 - 10. DOI:10.1520/E1474-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o
13、rcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from State of California, Dept. of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation, North Highlands, CA 95660-5595.Copyright ASTM
14、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ISO 5725 Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) ofMeasurement Methods and ResultsBasic Method forthe Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility ofa Standard Measurement Method43. Terminology
15、3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test methodrefer to Terminology D123 and E176.3.1.2 effective heat of combustion, nthe amount of heatgenerated per unit mass lost by a material, product, orassembly, when exposed to specific fire test conditions. (seegross heat of combu
16、stion.)3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe effective heat of combustion de-pends on the test method and is determined by dividing themeasured heat release by the mass loss during a specifiedperiod of time under the specified test conditions.Typically, thespecified fire test conditions are provided by the specific
17、ationsof the fire test standard that cites effective heat of combustionas a quantity to be measured. For certain fire test conditions,involving very high heat and high oxygen concentrations underhigh pressure, the effective heat of combustion will approxi-mate the gross heat of combustion. More ofte
18、n, the fire testconditions will represent or approximate certain real fireexposure conditions, and the effective heat of combustion is theappropriate measure. Typical units are kJ/g or MJ/kg.3.1.3 gross heat of combustion, nthe maximum amount ofheat per unit mass that theoretically can be released b
19、y thecombustion of a material, product, or assembly; it can bedetermined experimentally only under conditions of highpressure and in pure oxygen (contrast effective heat of com-bustion).3.1.4 heat flux, nheat transfer to a surface per unit area,per unit time (see also initial test heat flux).3.1.4.1
20、 DiscussionThe heat flux from an energy source,such as a radiant heater, can be measured at the initiation of atest (such as Test Method E1354 or Test Method E906) andthen reported as the incident heat flux, with the understandingthat the burning of the test specimen can generate additionalheat flux
21、 to the specimen surface. The heat flux can also bemeasured at any time during a fire test, for example asdescribed in Guide E603, on any surface, and with measure-ment devices responding to radiative and convective fluxes.Typical units are kW/m2, kJ/(s m2), W/cm2, or BTU/(s ft2).3.1.5 initial test
22、heat flux, nthe heat flux set on the testapparatus at the initiation of the test (see also heat flux).3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe initial test heat flux is the heat fluxvalue commonly used when describing or setting test condi-tions.3.1.6 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship be
23、tween the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, expressed per unit area of exposed specimen areaper unit of time.3.2.2 ignitability, nthe propensity for ignition,
24、as mea-sured by the time to sustained flaming at a specified heatingflux.3.2.3 mattress, na mattress is a ticking (outermost layer offabric or related material) filled with a resilient material, usedalone or in combination with other products, intended orpromoted for sleeping upon.3.2.4 net heat of
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