1、Designation: E 1478 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forVisual Color Evaluation of Transparent Sheet Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice was developed to help its users criticallyjudge the transmitted color appearance of transparent sh
3、eetmaterials. Its primary application is for colored flat glass andplastic materials.1.2 This practice is not meant to be used to evaluate colorsof curved, diffusing, self-luminous, or opaque materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
4、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of
5、 Diffusely Illuminated Opaque MaterialsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 1499 Guide to the Selection, Evaluation, and Training ofObservers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: ASTMColor PhotoOutdoor Specimen Holder33. Terminology3.1 For the definitions of appearance terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology E 28
6、4.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the recommended visual proce-dure to evaluate color by transmittance of transparent sheetmaterials. The spatial relationships between the observer,materials, and light source are prescribed in order to derivegood color judgments from their interact
7、ions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice applies to production quality control andcustomer acceptance of regularly transmitting sheet materialssuch as tinted windows where visual color discrimination iscritical.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall consist of specimen holders, productcolor standa
8、rds, and defined light sources.6.1.1 Specimen HoldersThese devices must hold thespecimen(s) and standard in contiguous positions, in the sameplane, so that they may be viewed, relative to the light source,for maximum color discrimination.6.1.1.1 An indoor specimen holder should be a ventilatedbox, c
9、oated with a flat white ceiling paint on its inside,containing evenly spaced fluorescent lamps with a flat, whitediffuser (glass or plastic) between them and the samples, andhave edge supports for the specimens and standards. Fig. 1 istypical, housing two Standard Cool White Fluorescent(CIEF2)4lamps
10、.6.1.1.2 An outdoor specimen holder should allow the speci-men and standard to be viewed contiguously in the same planewith daylight transmitted through them. Alternatively, thetransmitted light may be viewed after reflection from a diffusecolored surface, such as a carpet, to enhance color differen
11、ce.These holders are usually large window frame structures. SeeFig. 2.6.1.2 Product Color StandardsThese standards shall besimilar in shape, size, and spectral characteristics to specimensbeing evaluated for color. The observer shall use color-tolerance standards to provide an unambiguous judgment o
12、f aproducts acceptable color limits.7. Test Specimen Preparation7.1 Take enough production test specimens from knownsampling positions to properly disclose the products visualcolor range. Refer to Fig. 3.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the
13、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on VisualMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1478 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
14、 Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct ADJE1478.4See Publication CIE No. 15.2, Tables 3.1 and 3.2. CIE Publications areavailable f
15、rom The U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commissionon Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 PondSt., Salem, MA 01970.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Size and shape
16、 the test specimens for viewing to affordmaximum color discrimination. Prepare according to industrystandards.7.3 Test specimens should be clean and free of physicalsurface defects.8. Procedure8.1 Test a manufacturers observer(s) for normal colorvision. Refer to Guide E 1499.8.2 The evaluation proce
17、dure will depend upon whether thestandard and the test specimen colors are compared indoors oroutdoors, that is, upon which light source is used for the colorjudgements.8.2.1 Indoor EvaluationThe observer should be located ina darkened room such that ambient light will not distort colorjudgments by
18、glare and colored reflections when viewing lightthrough the test specimen. Make color judgments, to avoidcolor fatigue, by quick glances at the test specimen andstandard followed by deliberate consideration of the resultingcolor impressions. Repeat this process until the viewer canmake consistent ju
19、dgments. If possible exchange the testspecimen and standard in the holder followed by the sameobservation technique to confirm the viewers prior colorjudgments.8.2.2 Outdoor EvaluationThe observer should be locatedsuch that color discrimination between the test specimen andstandards is maximized wit
20、h respect to the surrounding objects,sources, and backgrounds. Make color judgements from manyviewing angles and distances which afford acute color obser-vations using the indoor evaluation viewing technique in 8.2.1.8.3 When small color differences are involved, judgmentsby two or more observers wi
21、ll be necessary to determine thecolor acceptability of the test specimens.9. Report9.1 Report the following information.9.1.1 A description of the color tolerance standards used atthe color trial,9.1.2 A description by the observers of the test specimensappearance compared to the color standards,9.1
22、.3 A description of the light source(s) used for the colorevaluation and their intensity during the color trial,9.1.4 Identities of the observers and the location(s) ofobservation, and9.1.5 Any additional information required by the reader toensure proper communication of the test specimens colorcha
23、racteristics. Refer to Section 8 of Practice D 1729.9.2 A color photograph of the color trial may be useful if itsatisfactorily reproduces the test specimen color characteristicswhich are of concern to the observers. Alternatively, a photo-graph of the color evaluation site along with test specimens
24、may be used. If photography is not feasible, the author mustuse color terms which are known to be understood in thiscontext by the readers.10. Keywords10.1 color; transparent materialFIG. 1 Arrangement of ApparatusE 1478 97 (2003)2NOTE 1This figure is available in color.3FIG. 2 Outdoor Specimen Hold
25、erE 1478 97 (2003)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
26、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
27、 additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
28、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 3 Test Sample Cutting DiagramE 1478 97 (2003)4
