1、Designation: E1478 97 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forVisual Color Evaluation of Transparent Sheet Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice was developed to help its users criticallyjudge the transmitted color appearance of transparent sheet
3、materials. Its primary application is for colored flat glass andplastic materials.1.2 This practice is not meant to be used to evaluate colorsof curved, diffusing, self-luminous, or opaque materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
4、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Dif
5、fusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE1499 Guide for Selection, Evaluation, and Training ofObservers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTMColor PhotoOutdoor Specimen Holder33. Terminology3.1 For the definitions of appearance terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology E284.4. Summar
6、y of Practice4.1 This practice describes the recommended visual proce-dure to evaluate color by transmittance of transparent sheetmaterials. The spatial relationships between the observer,materials, and light source are prescribed in order to derivegood color judgments from their interactions.5. Sig
7、nificance and Use5.1 This practice applies to production quality control andcustomer acceptance of regularly transmitting sheet materialssuch as tinted windows where visual color discrimination iscritical.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall consist of specimen holders, productcolor standards, and de
8、fined light sources.6.1.1 Specimen HoldersThese devices must hold thespecimen(s) and standard in contiguous positions, in the sameplane, so that they may be viewed, relative to the light source,for maximum color discrimination.6.1.1.1 An indoor specimen holder should be a ventilatedbox, coated with
9、a flat white ceiling paint on its inside,containing evenly spaced fluorescent lamps with a flat, whitediffuser (glass or plastic) between them and the samples, andhave edge supports for the specimens and standards. Fig. 1 istypical, housing two Standard Cool White Fluorescent(CIEF2)4lamps.6.1.1.2 An
10、 outdoor specimen holder3should allow thespecimen and standard to be viewed contiguously in the sameplane with daylight transmitted through them. Alternatively,the transmitted light may be viewed after reflection from adiffuse colored surface, such as a carpet, to enhance colordifference. These hold
11、ers are usually large window framestructures. See Fig. 2.6.1.2 Product Color StandardsThese standards shall besimilar in shape, size, and spectral characteristics to specimensbeing evaluated for color. The observer shall use color-tolerance standards to provide an unambiguous judgment of aproducts a
12、cceptable color limits.7. Test Specimen Preparation7.1 Take enough production test specimens from knownsampling positions to properly disclose the products visualcolor range. Refer to Fig. 3.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct respo
13、nsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on VisualMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1478 97 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/E1478-97R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
14、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct ADJE1478.Original adjunct produced in 1992.4See Publication CIE No. 15.2,
15、 Tables 3.1 and 3.2. CIE Publications areavailable from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission onIllumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond St.,Salem, MA 01970, http:/www.cie-usnc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
16、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 Size and shape the test specimens for viewing to affordmaximum color discrimination. Prepare according to industrystandards.7.3 Test specimens should be clean and free of physicalsurface defects.8. Procedure8.1 Test a manufacturers observer(s)
17、 for normal colorvision. Refer to Guide E1499.8.2 The evaluation procedure will depend upon whether thestandard and the test specimen colors are compared indoors oroutdoors, that is, upon which light source is used for the colorjudgements.8.2.1 Indoor EvaluationThe observer should be located ina dar
18、kened room such that ambient light will not distort colorjudgments by glare and colored reflections when viewing lightthrough the test specimen. Make color judgments, to avoidcolor fatigue, by quick glances at the test specimen andstandard followed by deliberate consideration of the resultingcolor i
19、mpressions. Repeat this process until the viewer canmake consistent judgments. If possible exchange the testspecimen and standard in the holder followed by the sameobservation technique to confirm the viewers prior colorjudgments.8.2.2 Outdoor EvaluationThe observer should be locatedsuch that color
20、discrimination between the test specimen andstandards is maximized with respect to the surrounding objects,sources, and backgrounds. Make color judgements from manyviewing angles and distances which afford acute color obser-vations using the indoor evaluation viewing technique in 8.2.1.8.3 When smal
21、l color differences are involved, judgmentsby two or more observers will be necessary to determine thecolor acceptability of the test specimens.9. Report9.1 Report the following information.9.1.1 A description of the color tolerance standards used atthe color trial,9.1.2 A description by the observe
22、rs of the test specimensappearance compared to the color standards,9.1.3 A description of the light source(s) used for the colorevaluation and their intensity during the color trial,9.1.4 Identities of the observers and the location(s) ofobservation, and9.1.5 Any additional information required by t
23、he reader toensure proper communication of the test specimens colorcharacteristics. Refer to Section 8 of Practice D1729.9.2 A color photograph of the color trial may be useful if itsatisfactorily reproduces the test specimen color characteristicswhich are of concern to the observers. Alternatively,
24、 a photo-graph of the color evaluation site along with test specimensmay be used. If photography is not feasible, the author mustuse color terms which are known to be understood in thiscontext by the readers.10. Keywords10.1 color; transparent materialFIG. 1 Arrangement of ApparatusE1478 97 (2015)2N
25、OTE 1This figure is available in color.3FIG. 2 Outdoor Specimen HolderE1478 97 (2015)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of t
26、he validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Yo
27、ur comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comment
28、s have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or mul
29、tiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 3 Test Sample Cutting DiagramE1478 97 (2015)4
