1、Designation: E 1481 00aStandard Terminology ofRailing Systems and Rails for Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitionspertaining to railing systems and rails for buildings, and inparticular, terms related to th
3、e standards generated by ASTMCommittee E-6 on Performance of Building Constructions.1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meaningsand explanations of technical terms, written for both thetechnical expert and the non-expert user.1.3 This terminology is one of a group of special terminolo-
4、gies subsidiary to the comprehensive Terminology E 631.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compoundterms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitionsherein are adopted from other sources, they are exact copies.The source is identified at the right margin following thedefinition a
5、nd is listed in Section 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions2E 935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for Buildings2E 985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systemsand Rails for Buildings22.2 ANSI/ASSE St
6、andard:A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor andWall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Systems33. Terminology3.1 Terms and Their Definitions:baluster, baluster bar, none of a series of closely spaced,upright, and parallel infill members of a balustrade, locatedbetween top rail or handrail and
7、bottom rail or tread or floorbeneath balustrade. Synonym for picket.baluster castingan ornamental cast element attached to abaluster.Also, cast element designed to attach baluster to topand bottom rails.baluster railing systema system consisting of posts, balus-ters, top rail, and bottom rail.balust
8、rade, na railing system consisting of a row of balus-ters capped by a rail or handrail.bottom railthe lowest member of a railing system, support-ing balusters or panels, if any.building, na structure comprising a partially or totallyenclosed space, erected by means of a planned process offorming and
9、 combining materials. E 631cap, na fitting or plug used to close the end of a pipe, tubularpost, newel, or rail.cap raila secondary railing element, often a handrail,fastened to the top rail of a railing system. (Syn. rail cap.)collar, n Synonym for escutcheon. E 631cover flange Synonym for escutche
10、on. E 631cover plateSynonym for escutcheon.cover ringSynonym for escutcheon.drop capthe cover of a railing post or newel that is exposedto view, usually below the stair stringer or floor. E 631easement, nthe curved portion of a rail and handrail forminga transition in the vertical plane between the
11、horizontal andinclined sections of a handrail.escutcheon, na protective or ornamental cover located at thetermination of a post, baluster, or rail against a tread, floor,or wall. (Syn. collar, cover flange, cover plate, or coverring.)expanded metalSee screen.finial, nan ornamental piece on the top o
12、f a post, newel, orrailing; frequently in the form of an urn or pineapple, and sonamed. E 631flange, na flat plate or formed piece at the end of a railing orrail element for attachment to the adjoining construction orsupporting member.grab barSynonym for grab rail. E 631grab raila short length of ra
13、il located for safety or conve-nience to assist a person in movement at a specific location.(Syn. grab bar.) E 631guardrail systema railing system, providing protection forbuilding users against accidental fall and injury, located at or1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E6
14、 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56on Performance of Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings.Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originallypublished as E 1481 92a. Last previous edition E 1481 00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
15、 Vol 04.11.3Available from American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 East OaktonStreet, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2187.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.near the outer edge of a stair, ramp, landing, platform, deck,balcony
16、, hatchway, manhole, floor opening, porch, or acces-sible roof; at the perimeter of an opening or accessiblesurface, such as the opening of a stair; or at a location atwhich an operating condition requires access limitation to adesignated area. (Compare railing system.)handgrip, nthe part of a handr
17、ail designed to provide asecure grasp. E 631handrail, na horizontal, sloping, or vertical member nor-mally grasped by hand for guidance or support.DISCUSSIONThis member may be part of a railing system and isoften, but not necessarily, a top member (top rail), or may be mountedon a wall or other buil
18、ding element. When part of a stair-rail system, itis a member paralleling pitch of stair flight and is often, but notnecessarily, a top member. (Compare wall handrail.)handrail bracketa device attached to a wall, post, or othersurface to support the handrail. E 631handrail heightthe vertical distanc
19、e from the top surface ofthe top rail to the surface of the finished floor, top of a ramp,or the nosing line of stair treads. E 631infill, na series of balusters of a baluster railing system andthe structural as well as the decorative elements, includingthe panels, mesh, or similar elements, of a pa
20、nel railingsystem; located between top and bottom rails and posts; toserve the twofold purpose of (a) protecting bodies frompenetrating and falling through the baluster and panel infillareas and (b) providing a specified resistance to horizontalthrusts as are potentially encountered within the infil
21、l area.DISCUSSIONInfills should be designed in such a way as to deterclimbing of the railing system.infill areathe field of baluster and panel railing systems,bordered by top and bottom rails and posts. E 935intermediate railone of two or more rails between the toprail and floor.kick plateSynonym fo
22、r toe board. E 631lambs tonguean ornamental curved or tapered fitting ter-minating a handrail, usually tapered to the tip.lateral scrolla fitting that curves in a horizontal plane, usedto terminate a handrail; often ending as a round platecovering the top of a post. E 631mid rail, na rail located be
23、tween top rail and bottom rail orbetween top rail and floor if there is no bottom rail.miter endingan angular or dovetailed member end, de-signed to fit an adjacent matching member, thereby provid-ing continuity of profile at the connection.newel, na decorative or structural post member at the start
24、 orend of a stair run, often extending above a handrail; usuallysquare or rectangular in cross section, supporting the end ofa stair railing or serving as the common support for two stairrailings, often supporting a stair stringer and platform; also,the center post of a spiral stair.ogee, na molding
25、 with a profile having a double curveformed by a convex line turning into a concave line,resulting in an S-shape. E 631panel, na flat infill element between a top rail, bottom rail,and posts. E 631picket, nsynonym for baluster, baluster bar.pineapple, na finial in the form of a pineapple. E 631pipe
26、, nhollow round section of metal or other material, thesize of which is usually designated by nominal size, ininches (millimeters), as influenced by inside diameter andwall thickness.pipe railing systema railing system fabricated of pipe orround tubing.post, na vertical supporting member. E 631queue
27、-rail system Synonym for traffic-rail system.rail, na horizontal, inclined, or vertical member of a railingsystem, such as top, intermediate, or bottom member con-necting balusters or posts, or both, at specified intervals.(Compare handrail.) E 631, E 985, A 1264.1rail capSynonym for cap rail. E 631
28、railing, n Use railing system. E 631railing returna bent at the end of a handrail, turning towardthe wall or post to which the handrail is attached.railing systema framework of horizontal, inclined, vertical,and infill members, including panels and grillwork, forprotection of building occupants agai
29、nst fall or injury and foroffering safety and convenience in their movement. (Com-pare guardrail.)railing-system penetration limitation an arrangement ofrailing elements designed to prevent passage of a sphere ofspecified diameter through a railing system. E 631ramp-rail systema railing system locat
30、ed along the opensides of a ramp. E 985screen, na perforated sheet consisting of wire mesh, wovenor welded wire fabric, or standard or flattened expandedmetal; serving as an infill panel and being an integral part ofa panel railing or guardrail system.scroll, na cast or forged ornamental spiral of c
31、onvolutedshape, serving, for example, as a decorative panel or insert.side mounta railing-system support that anchors the post orbaluster of a railing system to a vertical or inclined surface,such as a fascia or stair stringer.spindle, na tapered baluster of circular cross-section(s),having a center
32、 diameter larger or smaller than the diameterat its ends.stair-rail systema railing system located along the opensides of a stair or landing. (Compare guardrail/railing/stair-rail system.) E 985, A 1264.1toe boarda vertical plate at the bottom of a railing systemlocated at the open edge of a stairwe
33、ll, platform, ramp, orfloor; forming a low curb to provide a barrier preventingobjects from falling beyond it. (Syns. kick plate and toeplate.)DISCUSSIONToe boards are normally not used for stair-rail systems.toe plateSynonym for toe board. E 631top railthe uppermost member of a railing system. E 63
34、1traffic-rail systema railing system designed to control themovement of people and requiring special consideration forgiven use conditions. Also, queue-rail system. E 631,E 985transfer-rail systema railing system designed to supportand to permit the transfer of body weight in such locations astoilet
35、s, showers, and tub enclosures. E 631E 1481 00a2DISCUSSIONThe clearance between the rail and the face of themounting surface shall be 40 mm (1.5 in.). E 985tube/tubinghollow section of metal or other material havinga round, square, rectangular, or other cross-sectional form,its size being designated
36、 by outside dimension(s) and wallthickness, in inches (millimeters).urn, nan ornamental vase used as a finial.volute, nan ornamental spiral or scroll-shaped form serving,for example, as the handrail termination. E 631wall bracketa bracket used for anchoring the central portionof a handrail to a wall
37、.wall clipa bracket used for anchoring the end of a handrailto a wall. (Syn. wall flange.)wall flangeSynonym for wall clip.wall handraila handrail attached to a wall or other buildingelement adjacent to a stair and along landings, walkways,ramps, and corridors. (Syn. wall rail.)DISCUSSIONWall handra
38、ils shall parallel the pitch of a stair and theslope of other inclined floor surfaces.wall railSynonym for wall handrail. E 631wall railing returna bend at the end of a wall handrail,turning toward the wall to which the handrail is attached.wire fabricSee screen.wire meshSee screen.APPENDIX(Nonmanda
39、tory Information)X1. COMMONWEALTH AND EQUIVALENT COMMONWEALTH TERMS, AS USED IN SOME OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATESX1.1 wreath, nthe compound curved section of a hand-rail that provides handrail continuity and the transition of twoadjoining and diverging stair-flight han
40、drails. (Compare ease-ment.)X1.2 Terms used in the United States and their equivalentCommonwealth terms are given in Table X1.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
41、 expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not r
42、evised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
43、 may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
44、States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 United States and Equivalent Commonwealth TermsUS TermsEquivalent CommonwealthTermsbarbed jaggedbuckled crippledclinched clenchedconnection jointdent dimplefastening fixingfinished nail head lost nail headguardrail system guardinglimit-state design capacity designputtied over stoppedE 1481 00a3
